The Renaissance

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Renaissance

• Means Rebirth
• Time of creativity and change in political,
  social, economic, and cultural
• Reawakened interest in classical learning, the
  culture of ancient Rome, creative minds
  transformed their age
• Explored new attitudes toward culture and learning

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• New emphasis on individual achievement
• Spirit of adventure and wide-ranging curiosity
  that led people to explore new worlds
• Secular thought was more prominent. Secular
  Worldly rather than spiritual

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Italian Beginnings

• Began in Italy, specifically, Florence in the mid
  1300s (a number of small city-states)
• Spread North to the rest of Europe
• Reached its height in the 1500s
• Italy was the center of ancient Roman history and
  there was a new interest in ancient Rome
• Served as trading centers for the distribution of
  goods to Northern Europe
• Wealthy and powerful merchant class promoted the
  cultural rebirth Patrons financial supporters
  of the arts.

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Jan Van Eyck- Northern Renaissance

• Medieval art and literature focused on the Church
  and salvation Renaissance art and literature
  focused on individuals and worldly matters, along
  with Christianity

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Medieval Italian portrait of the Madonna.
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Renaissance Italian portrait of the Madonna.
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Renaissance vs. Medieval ArtDifferences

• Medieval Style
• Byzantine Influence
• Conservative with Human body
• Flat, two dimensional

• Renaissance Style
• Greek and Roman Influence
• Celebration of the Human body
• Three dimensional - depth

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Humanism

• Based on the study of classical culture, focuses
  on worldly subjects rather than on religious
  issues
• Believed that education should stimulate the
  individuals creative powers
• Main areas of study were grammar, rhetoric,
  poetry, and history
• Studied the ancients to increase their
  understanding of their own times

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Humanism

• Celebrated the Individual
• Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman
  literature and culture
• Was supported by wealthy patrons

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Lorenzo Di Medici

• 1400s Florence, the Medici family organized a
  banking business
• Held cultural and political power
• Lorenzo di Medici-politician and generous Patron
  (financial supporter) of the arts

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Francesco Petrarch

• Francesco Petrarch
• Florence, early Renaissance Humanist- Father of
  Renaissance Humanism
• Assembled a library of Greek and Roman
  manuscripts
• Sonnets, humanist scholarship

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A Golden Age in the Arts

• Renaissance reached its most glorious expression
  in its paintings, sculpture, and architecture
• Portrayed religious figures, set against Greek or
  Roman backgrounds, portraits of well known
  figures of the day

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Golden Age of the Arts

• Perspective-making distant objects smaller than
  those close to the viewer
• Made pictures three dimensional
• Used shading to make objects look round and real
• Studied human anatomy and drew from live models
• Could portray the human body more accurately

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Leonardo DaVinci

• Florence
• Paintings regarded for their freshness and
  realism
• Most popular Mona Lisa and Last Supper
• Made sketches of nature, models, dissected
  corpses to learn how bones and muscle work
• Art, botany, engineering anatomy, optics, music,
  architecture

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• Sketches of flying machines and undersea boats

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Michelangelo

• Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, poet
• Pieta-sorrow of Mary cradling Christ
• David-statue of the Shepherd shows harmony and
  grace of ancient Greek tradition
• Sistine Chapel

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Raphael

• Paintings blend Christian and classical styles
• School of Athens-imaginary gathering of great
  thinkers and scientists
• Best known for his Madonnas

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1 Zeno of Citium or Zeno of Elea? 2 Epicurus
3 Frederik II of Mantua? 4 Anicius Manlius
Severinus Boethius or Anaximander or Empedocles?
5 Averroes 6 Pythagoras 7 Alcibiades or
Alexander the Great? 8 Antisthenes or
Xenophon? 9 Hypatia or the young Francesco
Maria della Rovere? 10 Aeschines or Xenophon?
11 Parmenides? 12 Socrates 13 Heraclitus
(painted as Michelangelo) 14 Plato holding the
Timaeus (painted as Leonardo da Vinci) 15
Aristotle holding the Ethics 16 Diogenes of
Sinope 17 Plotinus? 18 Euclid or Archimedes
with students (painted as Bramante)? 19 Strabo
or Zoroaster? 20 Ptolemy R Raphael as
Apelles 21 Il Sodoma as Protogenes taken
from Wikipedia
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Architecture

• Adopted columns, arches, and domes that were
  favored by the Greeks and Romans
• Rejected Gothic style
• Filippo Brunelleschi created a dome modeled on
  the Pantheon in Rome

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Writers

• How to books on how to rise in the Renaissance
  world will be popular
• Northern Renaissance- the moveable type printing
  press and the production and sale of books
  (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.

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Machiavelli

• The Prince-1513-guide to rulers on how to gain
  and maintain power absolute power of the ruler
• An early modern treatise on government
• Advises that one should do good if possible, but
  do evil when necessary
• The end justifies the means
• Saw himself as an enemy of oppression and
  corruption raised important ethical questions
  about the nature of government

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The Northern Renaissance

• 1400s-France, Belgium, the Netherlands
• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported
  Renaissance ideas
• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged with
  humanist ideas with Christianity

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Jan Van Eyck

• Painted townspeople/religious scenes
• Developed oil paint-produced strong colors

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Bruegel

• Leading Flemish artist
• Vibrant colors/lively scenes of peasant life
• Rich colors, vivid details

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Northern Humanists

• Stressed education and revival of classical
  learning
• Emphasized religious themes
• Christian Humanists Very popular in Northern
  Renaissance because they believed you could still
  be inspired by Christian ideals.

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Erasmus

• Produced a new Greek edition of the New
  Testament, Latin translation also
• Called for reforms in the church
• The Praise of Folly-used humor to expose the
  ignorant and immoral behavior of many people of
  his day, including clergy
• He believed in a Christianity of the heart rather
  than of ceremonies and rulers.

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Sir Thomas More

• Utopia-describes an ideal society, where men and
  women live in peace and harmony, no one is idle,
  all are educated, justice is used to end crime
  rather than to eliminate the criminal

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Literature of the Northern Renaissance

• Rabelais-French
• Gargantua and Pantagruel-offered his opinions on
  a wide variety of subjects
• Shakespeare
• English, wrote 37 plays
• Cervantes
• Spain
• Don Quixote-mocks romantic notions of chivalry

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The Printing Revolution

• 1456-Johann Gutenberg developed the printing
  press
• By 1500-20 million volumes had been printed
• Books were cheaper and easier to produce
• People learned to read and write
• People gained access to knowledge
• Influenced religious and secular thought

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Castiglione

• The Book of the Courtier-artistocrat who mastered
  many fields from poetry to music to sports
• Men-athletic, good at games, music, literature,
  history, not arrogant
• Women-graceful, king, lively, pure, outer beauty
  is the true sign of inner goodness

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Albrecht Durer

• Nicknamed the German Leonardo due to his diverse
  interests and talents
• Helped to spread the ideas in his homeland

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