Title: Progressives, Women, and African Americans
1UNIT 4
- Progressives, Women, and African Americans
2Progressives
- The Jungle- Upton Sinclair
- Muckraker-He took his evidence he saw and put it
into a novel - The president Teddy Roosevelt reads this book in
1906 and actually creates the first laws on
improving food and laws - Novel is about conditions of immigrants working
in manufacturing, conditions of the
slaughterhouses, and socialism
3Progressives ( continued)
- Disease
- Thousands of cows killed every hour
- If you fell in the cooking pot, they just left
you in there, because it was more meet - Bugs and feces were covering the meat
- No clean water
- America rips immigrants off
- Forced to work in bad conditions
- In pickle rooms, they stood in the brine, which
ate their feet off
4Progressives (continued)
- Progressive- group of Americans 1910-1930 who
believed in more democracy, regulation of banking
and business, better education, and an informed
consumer. - Who is a Progressive?
- A fluent, educated, urbanite, who believed when
educated they should do something about a
problem. - Muckrakers They investigate banking, corrupt
businesses, lynching, insurance fraud, political
machines, and political elections - Upton Sinclair
- Lincoln Steffens
- Jane Addams (Hull House)
- Jacob Riis
- Robert La Follette
- Teddy Roosevelt (talked like a progressive, but
wasnt a real one) - Woodrow Wilson
- Ida Tarbell
- Ida Wells
5Progressives (continued)
- Jane Addams and Hull House
- Social relief agency funded privately
6Progressives (Chart 1)
- Basic Beliefs of Progressives
- People could improve society by relying on
science and knowledge. - Industrialism and urbanization caused problems.
- Government should fix problems.
- To achieve reform, government itself had to be
reformed. - Government Reforms
- Commission and city-manager forms of government
were adopted. - Direct primary system let citizens choose
office candidates. - Initiative, referendum, and recall were
adopted. - Seventeenth Amendment gave voters right to
elect senators directly. - Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to
vote.
7Progressives (Chart 1)
- Business Regulation
- Interstate Commerce Commission was
strengthened. - Consumer protection laws were passed.
- Federal Trade Commission was set up to regulate
business. - Federal Reserve System was set up to control
money supply. - People could improve society by relying on
science and knowledge. - Industrialism and urbanization caused problems.
- Social Reforms
- Zoning laws and building codes improved urban
housing. - Child labor laws were passed.
- Workers compensation laws were passed.
- Temperance movement
8Progressives (Upton Sinclair)
- The Jungle Conditions at the Slaughter House
- 1. Everything that they had was used because they
did not put anything to waste. - 2. The Planters hid things that they did not want
the visitors to see in the packing plants. - 3. African Americans were put to hard labor
hanging pigs in the slaughterhouses while trying
to catch their breath. - 4. The visitors were sick from the brutality of
killing the hogs as they watched in the narrow
hallways. - 5. The slaughtering of hogs and all of the
squealing and blood brought tears to the
visitors eyes and some were clenching their
fists at the sights. - 6. The story shows that Upton did not like what
they were doing to the pigs at the
slaughterhouse, and the fact that they made
people watch. - 7. She wrote it to drive towards socialism.
- 8. It talks about the conditions that the workers
had to go through, I believe It was called, The
Jungle, because what the workers did was so
cruel it was like they were the lions killing the
pray. - 9. The book persuaded President Roosevelt to
change laws on food and drugs. - 10. They made immigrants work in the
slaughterhouses that were filled with all kinds
of diseases - Â
- Sinclair. Upton.(1906). The Jungle. Conditions
of the Slaughter House .Retrieved from - ltshshistory.comgt. October 26th,2009.
9The Twenties
- Movies
- Rudolf Valentino (Famous movie star in a silent
film) - Douglas Fairbanks
- Charlie Chaplin
- Lillian Gish
- Flappers-
- Cutting edge of young women, always have a hat
and short hair, outfit very flat, plain shoes,
showing all of legs but ankle - Wants to look like a young boy ( Binds her very
flat) - Drinks and smokes
- Dances
- Going to drink illegally ( because of
prohibition) - Pretend to drink tea or coffee
- Dance the Charleston
- Drug of choice is Cocaine ( over the counter)
not illegal yet - This time period starts the prohibition movement
10The Twenties (Continued)
- Zut suit ( comes from African American cool guys)
- Striped bright neon colors
- Big feathered hats
- Suffragette
- Middle class dress
- Fighting for the right to vote
- Bootleggers, Mafia, Big time Crime
- Start when prohibition starts
- They ran alcohol from Canada, so they were not
stopped by the border patrol - You were not allowed to sell it or share it, so
they started making bath tub gin, so they would
not get caught - It is changed with the 18th amendment which says
youre not allowed to sell it - Then it changed in the 21st amendment
11The Twenties (Continued)
- Escapism-
- Want to drink alcohol, write literature, etc.
- Flash Gordon ( Super hero guy in a film, The
Purple Death) very Futuristic - Famous Charlie Chaplin
- We are Anti-War now
- Authors important to this Anti- War movement
- Enrich Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front
- Ernest Hemingway, A farewell to Arms (American
volunteers for WW1, and goes A-wall to be with
his girlfriend and she becomes pregnant and they
both die. - William Faulkner, very wordy and complicated
- John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men, The Red
Pony - ALL writers write about all war is bad and all
men are bad - F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatzby, sex,
drugs, rock n roll ( escapism of the wealthy)
12The Twenties (Continued)
- Era of Radio-
- KDKA- in Pittsburgh is the first radio station
- Impact on America
- 1. Nationalizes our language
- 2. Gives us programming we can watch at home
- Entertainment
- Watch the radio ( huge mechanisms)
- New immigrants during this time
- Mexicans
- Caribbean people
- We are moving to the suburbs
- Era of cars
- Era of cross word puzzles
- Era of Miniature golf
- Era of Cards
- Highest divorce rate in US history, women could
also divorce
13The Twenties ( Chart 2)
- Cultural Changes
- The new morality emphasized youth and beauty
- Young people and women gained more independence
- The working class enjoyed more leisure time
- The mass media expanded
- African American Renaissance
- Harlem Renaissance
- Breakthrough period for African American arts
- Literature revealed racial pride and contempt
of racism - Jazz and blues popularized
- Political Renaissance
- Great Migration created strong African American
- voting blocs in northern cities
- First African American elected to Congress from
a - northern state
- NAACP battled segregation and discrimination
14The Twenties (Chart 2)
- Revitalized Traditional Values
- Fundamentalists preached traditional religious
values - Emphasis on family and moral values
- Traditionalists supported Prohibition
- Nativism
- Nativists used eugenics as a pseudo-scientific
basis for ethnic and religious prejudice - The new Ku Klux Klan targeted African
Americans, - Jews, Catholics, immigrants, and other groups
they considered to be un-American - Congress established immigration quotas
15The Twenties (Pg. 603 Review)
- Definitions
- Red Scare A nation wide panic that was started
because of the fear that communists or reds
might seize power in 1919. - A. Mitchell Palmer A United States General in
Washington D.C. whose house was damaged by one of
the eight bombs in eight cities during the Red
Scare. - J. Edgar Hoover Headed the General Intelligence
Division that was established by A. Mitchell
Palmer at the start of his raids.
16The Twenties (Pg. 603 Review)
- What conditions did African Americans face
during the twenties? - They had to compete for jobs and housing
- They faced racism and frustration which only led
to violence - Stones were thrown at then where whites- only
were allowed to go - The riots caused many African American deaths and
injuries - The whites would attack there neighborhoods
17The Twenties (Pg. 603 Review)
- Why did Harding win the election of 1920?
- He won because he called for a return to
normalcy - He thought the US needed to go back to the days
before the progressive era reforms - What he said struck the voters resulting in the
winning of the election by a landslide
18The Twenties (Pg. 603 Review)
- How did the Palmer raids deprive some citizens of
there rights? - By detaining and deporting many suspects,
disregarding the civil liberties of them - By entering homes without search warrants and
mistreating people - By jailing them and not letting them speak to
there attourneys
19The Twenties (Pg. 603 Review)
- Causes of the Red Scare
- Fear of Communists seizing power
- Nation wide conspiracy
- Communist International
20The Twenties (Pg. 630 Review)
- Definitions
- Jazz- A style of music influenced by Dixieland
music and ragtime with its ragged rhythm and
syncopated melodies - Blues- A soulful style of music that evolved from
African American spirituals - Great Migration- A group of hundreds of thousands
of African Americans who migrated from the rural
south to the industrial cities in the north. By
migrating to the north they sought to escape the
segregated south society and to find new
opportunities and build a better life for
themselves
21The Twenties (Pg. 630 Review)
- Harlem Renaissance- was a result of the flowering
of African American arts. It started with the
African Americans living in Harlem, NY where they
created an environment that triggered artistic
development, racial pride, community and
political organization. It was a start to the
discovery of manyh talented writers, musicians,
and leaders - Claude McKay- He was the first important writer
during the Harlem Renaissance who emmigrated from
Jamaica to New York. He translated the surprise
of American racism into a series of poems that
was published in the Twenties.
22The Twenties (Pg. 630 Review)
- Langston Hughes- He was another writer, born in
Missouri, who was the leading voice of the
African American experiences in the US - Cotton Club- Was one of the most famous Harlem
nightspots. It was also where Duke Ellington got
his start in music - Marcus Garvey- A black leader from Jamaica who
captured the immigration of many African
Americans with his call for Negro Nationalism.
He founded the Universal Negro Improvement
Association, which was an organization that
promoted black pride and unity
23The Twenties (Pg. 630 Review)
- Impact of the Harlem Renaissance
- Jazz, blues, and theatre
- Black pride
24The Twenties (Cultural Changes)
- The new morality emphasized youth and beauty
- Young people and women gained more independence
- The working class enjoyed more leisure time
- The mass media expanded
- Era of Radio
- Era of playing cards
- Era of miniature golf
- Era of crossword puzzles
- Era of cars
- We are moving to the suburbs
- Highest Divorce rate in the US history ( Both men
and women)
25Harlem Renaissance
- Definition A renewal of arts for African
Americans (1910-1930) - Literature
- Dance
- Music
- Arts
- Harlem, NY upper middle class neighborhood,
where African Americans are moving into - Why Harlem, NY?
- Great migration- move from south to north to
escape segregation nd open up opportunities - Creating their own community because of
segregation out of other Communities - Center of Arts
- James Weldon Johnson- Father of the Harlem
Renaissance - Writer and editor
- Promotes this rebirth
26Harlem Renaissance (continued)
- Photography
- famous photographer James Bander Zee
- Blues ( makes you feel blue, slow, voice is
important) - Comes from spirituals
- Soulful
- Jazz ( up beat, flows, all about instrument)
- Billy Holiday
- Ella Fitzgerald
- Fats Waller
- Sarah Vaughn
- Louis Armstrong
- Jelly roll Morton
- Writers
- Langston Hughes
- Claude McKay
- Zora Neal Hurston
- Richard Wright Native Son
- Ralph Ellison- Invisible man
27African American Life
- Red Summer- A series of racial riots ( 1919-1920)
- Lynching- Hanging someone but never charged for
it because people were happy they were doing that - KKK-1923s clan grew to 5 million members because
they schemed (pyramid scheme)by asking people
questions and talk people into buying a
patriotic rheotic and it is only 10 dollars and
if you get others to join you get a part of
their income
28References
- Appleby.J.,Brinkley.A.,Broussard.A.,McPherson.J.,
Richie.D.(2005)The American Vision. New York,
NY. The McGraw-Hill. - Dr. Crihfield.Public Lectures. Retrieved the
weeks November 2009.