Ancient Sumer

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Ancient Sumer
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Geography

• The Worlds first civilization Sumer, developed
  in Mesopotamia land between the rivers.
• Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers,
  Sumer was known for its rich soils and golden
  wheat fields.
• Flooding was a problem.
• The Sumerians built dikes and irrigation ditches
  to water their fields and protect their homes.

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Civilization

• The Sumerians used clay and water to build their
  cities.
• Besides farming, trade was the main focus of
  their economy.
• Trade goods have been found in places as far away
  as Egypt and India.
• Within a few hundred years of its beginning,
  Sumer included at least 12 separate city-states.

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• Each city-state had a single ruler who ran the
  city.
• Social order-1.Ruling Family, 2.Leading Officials
  and Priests, 3.Scribes,Merchants, and
  artisans,4.Farmers,5. Slaves.
• Women had less status than men but female gods
  were highly honored.
• The Sumerians worshipped many gods and each city
  had a ziggurat, a big temple in the middle of the
  city.

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Writing

• By 3200 B.C., Sumerians had invented cuneiform.
• It grew out of pictographs used to record goods
  brought to temple storehouses.
• As time went on, the Sumerians used it to record
  myths, prayers, laws, and business contracts.
• Sumerian Scribes went through years of difficult
  schooling to acquire their skills.

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Legacy

• Their accomplishments
• 1.Number system based on an hour being 60 minutes
  and a circle being 360 degrees.
• 2.The beginnings of basic algebra and geometry.
• 3.An accurate calendar
• 4. Writing System and the wheel
• 5.Eclipses of the Sun and Moon.
• 6.Oldest Story-The Epic of Gilgamesh

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World Response

• Why did the Egyptians place so much emphasis on
  the preparation for the afterlife? Give me your
  opinion. (1-2 paragraphs)
• http//www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/main.html
  
• What types of information about Ancient Egypt can
  we learn from colossal monuments such as the
  Steppe Pyramid or the Great Pyramid of Gaza? (1-2
  paragraphs)

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The Old Kingdom 2575-2130 B.C.

• The era of the Pyramids
• The Pharaohs(kings) established a strong,
  centralized state.
• The Pharaohs ruled by means of a bureaucracy.
• The vizier was the Pharaohs chief minister and
  gave instructions to thousands of scribes.
• Social Order 1. Pharaoh 2. Nobles 3. Merchants
  and Scribes 4. Peasants (most of the population)
• Crop Failures, Power struggles, and cost of
  building of the Pyramids brought an end to the
  Old Kingdom.
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/explore-ancie
  nt-egypt.html

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The Middle Kingdom 1938-1630 B.C.

• An era of Chaos
• Egypt had problems with food and nobles who
  wanted more power.
• Egypt did end the privileges of nobles, expanded
  its borders, and established trade contacts with
  people outside of Egypt.
• In 1700 B.C., Egypt was conquered by the Hyksos.
• After 100 years of rule, the Egyptians drove out
  the Hyksos.

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½ Response

• What do you think was Ancient Egypts greatest
  accomplishment and why?

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The New Kingdom 1539-1075 B.C.

• Egypt at the height of its power
• Powerful rulers like Thutmose III and Ramses II
  expanded Egypts borders and made it a great
  empire.
• Main rival was the Hittites with whom Egypt made
  the worlds first known peace treaty with in 1258
  B.C.
• Egypt slowly declined after 1100 B.C. and was
  conquered many times.
• Last Egyptian rulers were replaced by the Greeks
  in 323 B.C.
• The Romans officially ended Egyptian culture when
  they took over in 30 B.C.

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India and China

• Both lands have had advanced civilizations that
  lasted for thousands of years.
• Both lands represent Eastern Civilization (we are
  Western Civilization).
• These lands have always had a larger population
  base.
• The people have completely different outlooks on
  life then we do.
• Both lands are growing economically today.

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Religions and Philosophies of India and China
Foldable

• I. Hinduism pg.76-78 (list 7 things)
• II. Buddhism pg.79-82 (list 10 things)
• III. Confucianism pg.96-98 (list 8 things)
• IV. Daoism pg.98 (list 5 things)
• Need five areas with the title page as named
  above.

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