Intelligence

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Intelligence

• What is intelligence?
• Why do we measure it?

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Myth/Countermyth 1

• Intelligence is one thing, g (or IQ)
• Or
• Intelligence is so many things you can hardly
  count them.

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Myth/Countermyth 2

• Intelligence cannot be taught to any meaningful
  degree.
• Or
• We can perform incredible feats in teaching
  individuals to be more intelligent.

4
Myth/Countermyth 3

• We are using tests too little, losing valuable
  information.
• Or
• Were overusing tests and should abolish them.

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Myth/Countermyth 4

• IQ tests measure virtually all thats important
  for school and job success.
• Or
• IQ tests measure virtually nothing thats
  important for school and job success.

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Major Issues

• Theoretical vs. Psychometric base
• One, two, or many factors
• Nature vs. nurture
• Individual or group administration
• verbal or non-verbal
• culture bias? Free? Fair?

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Historical Perspective
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1869 - Sir Francis Galton

• father of intelligence testing
• Hereditary Genius (eugenics)
• sensory apparatus

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1905 - Alfred Binet Theodore Simon

• classification of mentally retarded
• ability for sound judgments
• age related tasks
• IQ
• 1916 - Terman revision Stanford/Binet

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1927 - Spearman

• Two-factor theory
• g general intellectual factor
• s specific factor
• (e measurement error)

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1935 - Thurstone

• 7 Group factors primary mental abilities
• verbal comprehension
• word fluency
• number
• space
• associative memory
• perceptual speed
• reasoning

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1939 - David Wechsler

• adult intelligence
• act purposefully
• think rationally
• deal effectively with environment
• verbal and performance abilities
• (also full scale)

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1959 - Guilford

• Three faces of intelligence
• Operations - what a person does
• Content - material it is done on
• Products - form in which information
  is stored
• (apply operation to content product)

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Guilfords Model
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1963 - Cattell

• fluid abilities reasoning (procedural)
• crystalized abilities acquired knowledge
  and facts (declarative)

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1975 - Gardner

• Multiple Intelligences
• logical-mathematical
• linguistic
• spatial
• musical
• bodily-kinesthetic
• interpersonal
• intrapersonal
• (naturalist)

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1980 - Sternberg

• successful intelligence the ability to adapt
  to, shape, and select environments to accomplish
  ones goals and those of ones society and
  culture (1999)
• Triarchic theory
• metacomponents (metacognition)
• performance components
• knowledge acquisition components

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