Merrell, K.W., Ervin, R. A.,

1
Merrell, K.W., Ervin, R. A., Peacock, G. G.
(2006). School psychology for the 21st century
Foundations and practices. New York, NY The
Guilford Press.

• Chapter 2 History of School Psychology

2
Timeline of Psychology

• 470 - 322 B.C. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
  first document the study of psychology
• 1588-1678 Hobbes Relationship of speech to
  thought
• 1596-1650 Descartes mind/body dualism
• 1632-1704 Locke minds ability to gain knowledge
• 1711-1776 Hume equates psychology to physics/
  impressions vs. ideas
• 1809-1882 Darwin evolution of the mind
• 1832-1939 Wundt establishes the first psych lab
• 1856-1939 Freud unconscious vs. conscious
• 1891 APA was founded

3
Timeline of American Education

• 1600s Ideas about public education being
  discussed.
• 1700s States begin to add public education to
  their constitutions
• 1800s Beginning and expansion of the common
  schools
• 1892 Plessy vs. Ferguson
• 1920s Almost all children receive some schooling
• 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education
• 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act
  (P.L. 94-142/ IDEA)

4
Timeline of School Psychology

• 1890s First began to see the foundations of
  school psychology as a separate practice.
• 1896 Lightner Whitmer First Psychological
  Clinic in North America at University of Penn.
  (specifically for discovering problems in
  children)
• Seen as father of school and clinical psychology
• 1905 Publication of Stanford-Binet scales
• Original Binet scales for sorting children in
  Paris schools
• 1910 Child Guidance Clinics and Mental Hygiene
  Movement
• 1920s School Psychology/ School Psychologist
  emerge as terms
• 1971 APA Accredits their first doctoral program

5
Timeline of School Psychology

• 1930 Hildreths book Psychological Service for
  School Problems published as first book in the
  field
• 1949 Boulder Conference scientist-practitioner
  model of training and psychological credentials
  first set forward (general to psychology)
• 1954 Thayer Conference first conference
  specific to school psychology.
• 1969 NASP is founded
• 1975 P.L. 94-142
• 1980s NASP approves first programs
• 1988 NCSP credential is established
• 2002 APA/ NASP joint committee (IOC) considered
  a failure

6
NASP and APA Divide

• NASP

• APA

• M.S. / Ed.S. degree
• to be called a psychologist
• To practice independently
• Sch Psych is INDEPENDENT from psych

• Doctoral Degree
• to be called a psychologist
• To practice independently
• Sch Psych is SUBSUMED in psych