Soil and Its Uses

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Agriculture
EEE 105
http//www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/
Name eee105
Password prAIRie
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Genetically Modified Crops
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Genetically Modified Crops
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Genetically Modified Crops
e.g. Bt crops
Bacillus thuringiensis
a common soil bacterium
produces an insecticidal protein
long used by organic gardeners
bt gene inserted into crop genomes
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Bt corn
64
24
2001
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Bt corn
The Starlink fiasco
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Bt corn
Cry9C protein
not digested
is it allergenic?
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Bt corn
Taco Bell
Cry9C
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Bt corn
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Genetically Modified Crops
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Genetically Modified Crops

• 1998 European Union bans new GMO crops
• Frankenfoods
• Japan South Korea follow
• 10/01 EU requires labeling of GMO crops
• U.S. rejected labeling

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Genetically Modified Crops
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Bt corn
Is Bt harming good insects?
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Genetically Modified Crops
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Integrated Pest Management
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Integrated Pest Management
understand biology of pest crop
seek to restrain, not eliminate, pest
combine genetic, chemical, biological control
methods
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Integrated Pest Management
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Factory Farming
Livestock Farming
a family farm
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Factory Farming

• Mega hog farms
• 10 million hogs in North Carolina
• Hog waste lagoons

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Factory Farming
a waste lagoon
one mega hog farm produces
as much waste as 12,000 people
a true lagoon
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Factory Farming
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Factory Farming
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Factory Farming
Spills, seepage
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Factory Farming
Spills, seepage
Fish kills
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Factory Farming
Pfiesteria -- the Cell from Hell
Spills, seepage
Fish kills
Pfeisteria
-- the Cell From Hell
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Factory Farming

• 70 U.S. grain production fed to livestock
• 40 of antibiotic usage is in livestock feed
• Antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve in cattle
  dairy industry
• U.S. Hormone-treated beef banned by Europe

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Factory Farming
Beef
Range-fed no more
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Factory Farming
Beef
Cattle Feed lots
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Factory Farming
Beef
Grass-fed cattle take 4-5 years to raise
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Factory Farming
Beef
Cattle Feed lots
Corn-fed beef
Reach 1200 lbs in 14 months
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Factory Farming
Beef
Corn-fed beef
High is saturated fats