??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????

1
??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????
??????? ??????314 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?
?. ??? ????? ??? ????
2
????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????
3
1-1/ ????? ?????? ???????

• - ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
• (?) ?????? ??? ????? (Perennials)
• (?) ?????? ??? ????? (Annuals)
• (?) ?????? ?????? ????? (Biennial)

4

• 2- ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????
• ?-????
• ?-????
• ?-????? ?? ?????

5

• 3- ??????? ??? ???? ???????
• ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? ??????? ???

6

• (?) ?????? ??? ?????? (Leguminous Forages)
• ?????? ??? ??????? ????????
  (Leguminaceae) ?????
• 1- ??????? ??????? (???????? ?????? ?????
  ?????.Medicago sativa L ?????????? ?? ?????????
  )
• 2- ??????? (????? ???) Lablab purpureous L
  Lablab bean
• 3- ??????????? Butlerfly bean - Clitoria ternata
  ?? Kordofan bean
• 4- ????????? Phaseolus trilobus
• 5- ?????? Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• 6- ????????
• 7- ??????? ??? (L.) Vigna sinensis ? Cowpea

7

• (?) ?????? ??? ??????
• ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? (Gramineae)
  ??????
• (1) ??? ????? ??? ????? Sorghum bioclor (L.)
  Moench
• (2) ???????? (??????) ????? ??????? Sorghum
  sudanense (Piper) stapf. Sudangrass
• (3) ??? ????? ???????( ???????? ????????? ????
  ????? ?????)
• (4) ????? ????? Penisetum purpureum elephant
  grass Schumach
• (5) ????? ?????? Chloris gayana, kunth
  Rhodesgrass
• (6) ????? ??????? (???????) Zea mays ?Maize
• (7) ????? (????????) Cenchrus spp.
• 8- ?????? Panicum spp.

8
1-2/ ????? ??????? ?? ???????

• ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?16 ?????
  ??? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
  ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????(
  ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????
  )2009

9

• ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??
• (1) ??????? ????????
• (2) ??????? ??????? ???????? (???????)
• (3) ??????? ?????? ???????
• (4) ??????? ???????

10
????????? ????????Graminaceous Forages
11
2-1- ????? ????????? Family Poaceae

• ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ???
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 50 0 ? ?? ???
  ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
• 1) Agrostidae
• 2) Festuceae
• 3) Triticeae
• 4) Phalari
• 5) Avenae

12

• ??? ????? (???????) ??????? ????????
  ?????????? ??? ???? ????? 050 ? ?? ???? ???????
  ?????
• 1) Eragrosteae
• 2) Paniceae
• 3) Chloridae
• 4 ) Andropogoneae
• 5) Aristidae

13

• ?????? ????? ?? Poaceae ??? 620 ???? ????? ?????
  75 ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
  ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????
  ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? 20 ????.
• ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???
  ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.

14

• 2-2/ ????? ??????? ?????????

15

• (1) ?????????? Rhizomes

16

• (2) ???????? Stolons

17
-3/ ??????? ??????? ?????????-2
18
??? ????? ??? ?????Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench
19

• ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????-

20

???????? ???????-Climatic adaptation
21
????? ??????? Botanical Description

22
???????? ???????? Cultural Practices?????
????? Land preparation
23
??????? Planting
24
????? Irrigation
25
??????? Fertilization
26
?????? ??????? Weed Control
27
??????? ??????? Diseases and Pests
28
?????? ?????????? Harvest and productivity

• .

29
??? ????????? Sorghum bicolor X S. sudanense

• .

30

• ???????? ??????? Climatic

31
???????? ???????? Cultural practices
32

• ???? Irrigation

33
?????? ?????????? Harvest and productivity
34
????? ??????? (Sudangrass)?Sorghum sudanense
(Piper)

35
???????? ???????Climatic adaptation
36
????? ???????Botanical description
37
???????? ???????? Cultural practices
38
?????? ???????? Nutritive value
39
????? ??????? Seed production

• .

40
????? ???????(???????) MaizeZea mays L.

41
????? ????? ???????

• .

42
???????? ??????? Climatic adaptations

43
????? ???????Botanical description
44
???????? ???????? Cultural practices
45
????????? productivity

46
?????? ???????? Nutritive value

47
????? ????? Elephant grassPenisetum purpureium
Suhumach
48
???????? ??????? Climatic adaptations
49
????? ???????Botanical Description
50
???????? ???????? Cultural practices
51
?????? ???????? Nutritive value

• .

52
????? ?????? Rhodes grassChloris gayana (kunth)
53
???????? ??????? Climatic adaptation

• .

54
????? ??????? Botanical Description

55
???????? ???????? Cultural practices
56
??????? Fertilization

• .

57
?????? Harvesting

• .

58
????????? Productivity
59
?????? ???????? Nutritive value

• .

60
????? (????????) Cenchrus sppBuffel grass
61
???????? ??????? Climatic adaptations

62
????? ??????? Botanical Description

63
???????? ???????? Cultural practices

64
????????? ??????? ???????? productivity and
nutritive value

65
?????? Panicum spp

• .

66
???????? ??????? Climatic adaptations

• .

67
????? ??????? Botanical Description

68
???????? ???????? Cultural practices

69
?????? ???????? Nutritive value

70
??????? ??????????3-1/ ??????? ????????
71
3-2/ ????? ??????? Botanical description))

• ?- ??????? leaves

72

• ?- ????? (Stems)

73

• ? ?????? (Roots)

74

• ? ???????

75

• ?? ??????

76

• ?????????

77
3-3/ ????? ?????? ???? ???????
78
3-4/ ????? ??????? ????????-3-4-1/ ???????
??????? Medicago sativa L.
79
??????? ???????????? Importance and uses

• 1

80
??????? ????????

81
????? ??????? Botanial description
82
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? Climatic
adaptations
83
???????? ???????? Cultural practices

• ????? ????? Land preperation

84
?????? ????? ?????

85

• 3- ??????? (Ridging)

86
???? ??????? Seed inoculation

• .

87
???????? Planting
88
???? ?????? ?????? Seeding rate

89
???? IRRIGATION

90
??????? Fertilization
91
?????? (?????)Harvesting
92
?????????productively
93
?????? ????????Nutritive value
94
??????? ???????Diseases and pests
95
????? ?????? ?? ??????? (Bloat)
96
????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????

• .

97
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??????Management practices to reduce bloat

• .

98
????? ??????????????(Seed production)
99
????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????

100
3-4-2 ??????? (????? ???) Lablab purpureos

101
???????? ??????? (Climatic adaptation)
102
??????? Varieties

103
????? ???????Botanical Description
104
???????? ????????Cultural Practices????? ?????
Land preperation
105

• ????? ???????Planting date
• ???? ??????? ??????Seeding rate
• .

106
????? ???????planting Method
107
????Irrigation
108

• ???????Fertilization
• ?????? ???????Weed Control
• .

109
?????? ????????Pests and Diseases
110
??????Harvesting

• ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? (grazied insitu)
  ?? ???? ?????? (Ratoon) ??? ????? ?? ??????. ???
  ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????. ???
  ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??
  ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????
  ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 20 ??? 25 ?? ?? ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? 9
  ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? 6
  ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????
  ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????
  ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??
  ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????
  ????? ?? ????? ??????? (Clean up).

111
?????????Productivity
112
?????? ????????Nutritive value

113
3-4-3 ??????????? Clitoria ternataKordofan
butterfly pea

114

• ????? ??????? Botanical Description

115
???????? ???????Climatic adaptations
116
???????? ????????Cultural Practices

• ????? ????? Land preperation
• ????Irrigation

117

• ?????? ???????Weed Control
• ??????? ???????Diseases and pests

118

• ???????Fertilization
• ??????Harvesting

119
?????????Productivity

120

• ????????Nutrive value

121
????????Phaseolus Trilobus

• .

122
????? ???????Botanical Description

• .

123
???????? ????????Cultural practices?????
?????Land preperation

124
???????Planting
125

• ????Irrigation
• .
• ?????? ???????Weed Control

126

• ?????? ????????Pests and Diseases
• ???????Fertilization

127

• ??????Harvesting
• ?????????Productivity

128
?????? ????????Nutritive value

129
??????Cyamopsis tetragonolobaCluster bean

• ??????? ????????????
• .

130

• ??????Origin of the crop
• .

131
???????? ???????Climatic adaptations
132
??????? varieties
133
???????? ????????Cultural practices?????
?????Land preperations
134
??????? Planting
135

• ????Irrigation
• ?????? ??????? Weed Control

136

• ??????? Fertilization
• ?????? ???????? Pests and Diseases
• .

137
?????? ?????????? Harvest and Productivity

138
?????? ???????? (Nutritive value)
139
????? ???? ??????? ????????(seed inoculation of
leguminous forages )

140

• ??????? ?????? (Biological fertilization)

141

• (?) ????????? ???????
• ??????? ????????? (symbiosis)

142
???????? ???????? (Leguminous groups)

143
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (methods of
seed inoculation )

• .

144
????? ??? ???????????

• 1

145
?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????????
146
????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????Monoculture
or mixed culture (mixture)
147
????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????

• .

148
?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????
149
??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????

150
??????? ???? ???????
151
1-?????? Graizing

• .

152

• (?) ????? ??????Rotational grazing

153

• (?) ?????? ?????? ??????Deferred Graizing
• (?) ????? ?????? ??????Deferred Rotational
  Graising

154

• (2) ???? ???????Forage harvesting

155
??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????

• 1

156
??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??
157
??? ???????Forage preservation

• .

158

• ?????? (Hay)

159

• ??????? ??? ??????

160
????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????

• (.

161

• (3)??? ??????? (???????) ??? (3-12)

162
???? ?????? ????? Characteristics of good hay

163
??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????

• 1) ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????.

164

• 2) ??????? Oxidation

165

• 3) ?????? Leaching
• 4)????? ?????????? Mechanical damage

166

• 5) ??? ?????????? Effects of microbes
• 6) ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????

167

• 7) ??? ??????
• .
• (?) ?????? ??????? Forage cubes

168
????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????

169

• (?) ????? ???????? ?? ????? Field chopping

170
??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??

• .

171

• 3) ??????? (silage)
• .

172
????? ??? ????? ???

173
?????? ?? ????? ???????

174
?????? ??????? ??? ??????

175
?????? ???????

• ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??
• 1

176
?????????? (Haylage)

177
??????????? (Grainlage)

178
???????? ??????????
179
????????? ????????Rangelands
180
???????? ???????? ?????? ???????
181
?????????? ?????????
182
?????? ???????? ??????? ???????-
183
?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????
184

• ??? ???????? ??????????-
• ????? ?????? Grinding

185

• ????? ?????? Ball milling
• (?) ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????????????.

186

• (?) ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????

187

• 2- ??? ???????? ?????????? Chemical Treatment
• (i) ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????
• ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
• ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????
  
  ???????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????

188

• 2- ????? ???????? ????????? (NH3)

189

• 4- ??? ???????? ??????????Biological Treatment

190
?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????

• 1-??????? ??? ????????

191

• 2- ??????? ????? ???????

192

• 3- ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????

193
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????Future Prospects
of Forage Industry in KSA
194
???????? ???????Feed balance
195
????? ??????? ???????
196
?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????
-

• 1/ ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????

197

• 3/ ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????
  ??????????

198

• 4/ ??? ??????? ????????

199

• 2- ????? ??????? ?????????

200
???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
201
???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
????? ?? ?????-