CONFINED SPACE RESCUE AN ENGINE COMPANY RESPONSE

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CONFINED SPACE RESCUEAN ENGINE COMPANY
RESPONSE
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FIRST RESPONDER

• CONDUCT AN INITIAL SIZE-UP
• SEAL OFF THE AREA
• ESTABLISH HOT ZONE, WARM ZONE AND COLD ZONE
• STAND BY UNTIL A SPECIAL RESCUE UNIT ARRIVES

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DEFINITION

• OSHA - PERMIT REQUIRED
• CONFINED SPACE MEANS A SPACE THAT
• IS LARGE ENOUGH , SO CONFIGURED THAT AN EMPLOYEE
  CAN BODILY ENTER PERFORM ASSIGNED WORK
• IS LIMITED OR RESTRICTED MEANS FOR ENTRY OR EXIT
• IS NOT DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS EMPLOYEE
  OCCUPANCY

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PERMIT REQUIRED

• CONTAINS OR HAS KNOWN POTENTIAL TO CONTAIN A
  HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE
• CONTAINS MATERIAL WITH POTENTIAL FOR ENGULFING
  AN ENTRANT
• IS CONFIGURED SUCH THAT AN ENTRANT COULD BE
  TRAPPED OR ASPHYXIATED BY INWARDLY CONVERGING
  WALLS, OR A FLOOR THAT SLOPES DOWNWARD AND TAPERS
  TO A SMALLER CROSS-SECTION
• CONTAINS ANY OTHER RECOGNIZED SERIOUS SAFETY OR
  HEALTH HAZARD

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NONPERMIT

• MEANS A CONFINED SPACE THAT DOES NOT CONTAIN OR,
  WITH RESPECT TO ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS, HAVE THE
  POTENTIAL TO CONTAIN ANY HAZARD CAPABLE OF
  CAUSING DEATH OR SERIOUS PHYSICAL HARM.

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LOW-HAZARD PERMIT

• A SPACE WITH EXTREMELY LOW LIKELIHOOD THAT AN
  (IDLH) OR ENGULFMENT HAZARD WOULD BE PRESENT, AND
  ALL OTHER SERIOUS HAZARDS HAVE BEEN CONTROLED.

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HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACES

• BELOW GROUND
• ABOVE GROUND
• INSIDE
• ON THE ROADS
• RAILWAYS
• WATER

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ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS

• OSHA STATES MAJOR CAUSE OF DEATH IN A CONFINED
  SPACE IS BAD ATMOSPHERE
• ACCOUNTS FOR TWO-THIRDS OF ALL DEATHS AND
  INJURIES
• RESULTS FROM
• OXYGEN DEFICIENT/ENRICHED
• LACK OF VENTILATION
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• O2 DISPLACED BY OTHER GASES

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WHAT CAUSES A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE?

• FLAMABLE GAS, VAPOR, OR MIST IN EXCESS OF 10 OF
  THE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL)
• AIRBORNE COMBUSTIBLE DUST AT A CONCENTRATION THAT
  EXCEEDS ITS LEL (OBSCURES VISION AT A DISTANCE OF
  5 FT.)
• ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN CONCENTRATION THAT IS BELOW
  19.5 OR ABOVE 23.5

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CAUSES CONTD.

• ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF ANY SUBSTANCE FOR
  WHICH A DOSE OR (PEL) COULD RESULT IN EMPLYEE
  EXPOSURE ABOVE THE (PEL)
• ANY OTHER CONDITION RECOGNIZED AS AN IDLH

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CLASSIFICATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS

• AS DETERMINED BY OSHA
• ASPHYXIATION ATMOSPHERES
• LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN CONFINED SPACES
• SEVERE IMPAIRMENT OR SUSPENSION OF RESPIRATORY
  FUNCTION, RESULTING FROM INTERFERENCE WITH
  PULMONARY AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• AN ASPHYXIANT IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT ACTS ON THE
  BODY OR IN THE ATMOSPHERE CAUSES ASPHYXIA
• ASPHYXIATING ATMOSPHERE lt 19.5 OXYGEN

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CLASSIFICATIONS

• FLAMMABLE / EXPLOSIVE
• HAZARDS PRESENT TO WORKERS DUE TO FLAMABLE
  VAPORS, DUSTS, OR GASES.
• VAPORS EXCEED 10 OF THEIR LEL OR COMBUSTIBLE
  DUST gt OR TO ITS LEL
• FLAMABLE ATMOSPHERE ARISES FROM
• AN ENRICHED O2 gt 23.5
• VAPORIZATION OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
• BYPRODUCTS OF WORK
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• CONCENTRATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE DUST
• ABSORPTION OF CHEMICALS FROM INNER SURFACES OF
  THE CONFINED SPACE

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TOXIC ATMOSPHERES

• CONTAINS GASES, VAPORS, OR FUMES KNOWN TO HAVE
  POISONOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• CARBON MONOXIDE AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE
• SOME KILL QUICKLY WHILE OTHERS MANIFEST YEARS
  AFTER

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TOXIC CONTD.

• SOME PRODUCE BOTH IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED HEALTH
  EFFECTS
• TOXIC ATMOSPHERE MAY BE CAUSE BY
• MANUFACTURED PROCESS
• STORED PRODUCT
• OPERATION BEING PERFORMED IN CONFINED SPACE
• TOXICITY gt 20 - INDEPENDENT OF OXYGEN
  CONCENTRATION

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NONATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS

• LIMITED TO INGRESS AND EGRESS
• HARD TO GET IN
• HARD TO GET OUT OF
• EXCESSIVE DEPTHS AND HEIGHTS
• SPACES BELOW GRADE
• ELEVATED SPACES ABOVE GRADE
• POOR VISIBILITY
• LACK OF LIGHT
• INTRINSICALLY SAFE LIGHTING
• LACK OF COMMUNICATION
• WET AND SLIPPERY SURFACES
• MECHANICAL HAZARDS
• NO LOCK-OUT TAG-OUT SYSTEMS
• CRUSHING OR ELECTRICAL INJURIES

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NONATMOSPHERIC HAZARDS CONTD.

• HARMFUL MATERIALS
• BACTERIA AND ANIMAL LIFE
• NEED FOR SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT
• LACK OF SPECIALIZED TRAINING
• PERSONNEL FAILURES OF WORKERS
• SHARP OBJECTS AND EQUIPMENT
• ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
• UNSTABLE MATERIALS

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ACCIDENTS IN CONFINED SPACES

• WORKERS FAIL TO RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE HAZARDS
• LACK OF WRITTEN PROCEDURES AND TRAINING
• UNTRAINED RESCUERS ATTEMPT TO RESCUE VICTIMS
• IN ALMOST ALL FATAL ACCIDENTS, DEATH OCCURRED DUE
  TO IMPROPER ENTRY PRACTICES

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MONITORING ACTIVITIES

• EVALUATING EXISTING HAZARDS
• MONITOR FOR ASPHYXIATION HAZARDS
• EVALUATE VAPOR DENSITY
• EVALUATE BOILING POINT
• MONITOR FOR OXYGEN
• MONITOR FLAMMABLE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
• MONITOR TOXIC HAZARDS

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USE OF METERS

• SOME MONITOR ONLY ONE HAZARD CLASS
• SOME MONITOR MULTIPLE HAZARDS
• MONITOR FLAMMABLE VAPORS OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
  SIMULTANEOUSLY
• IN FIELD CALIBRATION
• INTRINSICALLY SAFE / 8 HR. LIFE

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USE OF METERS CONTD.

• OPERATE OUTSIDE OF SPACE
• SET ALARM SETPOINT IN FIELD
• GUIDELINES
• MONITOR BEFORE, DURING ENTRY
• PREVENT LIQUID FROM ENTERING PUMP
• TEST AND PROPER MAINTENANCE
• TRAINING

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ENTRY PROCEDURES

• ENTRY HAS BEEN MADE WHEN ANY BODY PART HAS BROKEN
  PLANE OF OPENING
• PROGRAM MUST BE IN PLACE
• ENTRY PREPERATION
• MONITOR SPACE - OUTSIDE FIRST
• CHECK OXYGEN, FLAMMABLE AND TOXIC VAPOR LEVELS

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ISOLATION PROCESS

• ISOLATION SEPERATION OF A PERMIT SPACE FROM
  UNWANTED FORMS OF ENERGY WHICH COULD POSE A
  SERIOUS HAZARD TO ENTRANTS
• BLANKING / BLINDING
• LINE BREAKING
• DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED
• LOCKOUT / TAG-OUT

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EMPTYING THE SPACE

• WHERE WILL THE CONTENTS GO?
• WHAT EFFECT WILL THE PRODUCT HAVE ON THE VICTIM
  OR RESCUERS?

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BLANKING OR BLINDING

• ABSOLUTE CLOSURE OF A PIPELINE OR DUCT
• USE A CAP OR SOLID PLATE COVER
• BLANK PLACED BETWEEN A FLANGE ON THE UPSTREAM
  LINE THAT FEEDS PRODUCT TO THE SPACE
• DOWNSTREAM SIDE SHOULD BE LEFT UNFASTENED TO
  PREVENT LEAKAGE THROUGH THE BLANK

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LINE BREAKING

• THE INTENTIONAL OPENING OF A PIPE, LINE, OR
  DUCT THAT IS OR HAS BEEN CARRYING FLAMMABLE,
  CORROSIVE,
• OR TOXIC MATERIAL, OR AN INERT
• GAS, OR ANY FLUID AT A PRESSURE
• OR TEMPERATURE CAPABLE OF
• CAUSING INJURY.

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DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED

• CLOSURE OF A PIPE, LINE OR DUCT BY TAGGING AND
  LOCKING A DRAIN OR VENT WHICH IS OPEN TO THE
  ATMOSPHERE BETWEEN TWO LOCKED OR CLOSED VALVES.

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LOCK-OUT / TAG-OUT

• CONFINED SPACES HAVE - AGITATORS, PUMPS, FANS,
  METERS, COMPRESSORS, ETC.
• SOME DEVICES ACTIVATE AUTOMATICALLY DUE TO
  CHANGES IN FLOWS, PRESSURES, AND LEVELS
• ACTIVATE INDEPENDENTLY OF THE PRESENCE OF WORKERS

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LOCK-OUT / TAG-OUT CONTD.

• DEVICES MUST BE ISOLATED AND POWER SOURCE LOCKED
  OUT
• WORKERS CARRY OWN LOCK - PREVENTS UNLOCKING OF
  POWER SOURCE WHILE IN SPACE
• ONCE LOCK IS APPLIED IT IS TAGGED

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VENTILATION

• EXCHANGES AIR IN SPACE WITH FRESH AIR
• LIMITS - 19.5 OXYGEN, lt 10 LEL
• USE ELECTRIC UNITS
• USE AT LEVEL OF WORK
• PPV
• VOLUME OF SPACE V. CFM

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BUDDY SYSTEM

• ENTRIES REQUIRE TEAMS OF TWO (BACKUPS REMAIN
  OUTSIDE OF SPACE)
• SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT
• SOPs DEVELOPED FOR ACTION PLANS

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ENTRY PERMITS

• PROVIDE STEP BY STEP INSTRUCTIONS
• ENSURES THAT CORRECT PROCEDURES ARE USED
• REINFORCES DOCUMENTATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY
• NO PERMIT, NO ENTRY

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ENTRY PERMIT IDENTIFIES

• THE SPACE TO BE ENTERED
• THE PURPOSE FOR ENTRY
• THE DATE AND AUTHORIZED DURATION OF THE ENTRY
  PERMIT
• AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS
• THE HAZARDS
• ISOLATION MEASURES
• ACCEPTABLE ENTRY CONDITION

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ENTRY PERMIT IDENTIFIES CONTD.

• RESULTS OF TESTS OR INSPECTIONS
• RESCUE OR EMS SERVICE TO BE SUMMONED
• COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
• EQUIPMENT TO MEET OSHA COMPLIANCE
• ANY OTHER INFORMATION OR PERMITS THAT IS NECESSARY

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SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

• RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
• SCBA
• SABA
• HOSE - 300FT
• EMERGENCY ESCAPE CYLINDER
• LONGER SERVICE TIME
• LESS BULKY

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SUPPORT EQUIPMENT CONTD.

• HARNESSES
• NFPA - THREE CLASSES
• CLASS I - SEAT STYLE FOR 1 PERSON LOAD, NOT FOR
  RESCUE
• CLASS II - SEAT STYLE FOR RESCUE AND FOR 2 PERSON
  LOAD
• CLASS III - FULL-BODY FOR RESCUE AND 2 PERSON
  LOAD WHERE INVERTING MAY OCCUR
• ONE OR MORE PARTS
• REQUIRES NO KNOWLEDGE FROM VICTIM ONCE IN HARNESS

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SUPPORT EQUIPMENT CONTD.

• MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE SYSTEMS
• SPEED
• RAISING AND LOWERING RESCUERS
• LIMITS EXPOSURES

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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE SYSTEMS

• COMMERCIAL WINCHES, HOISTS AND TRIPODS
• ROPE SYSTEMS
• BLOCK AND TACKLE
• GROUND LADDERS AND AERIAL DEVICES

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VERTICAL LOWERING AND RAISING

• ELEVATED ANCHOR POINT
• CEILINGS
• TRIPODS
• LADDERS
• AERIALS
• Z-DRAG OR PIGGYBACK SYSTEMBELAY LINE
• WRISTLETS OR SKED

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SUMMARY

• DEFINITION
• HAZARDS OF CONFINED SPACE
• ACCIDENTS IN CONFINED SPACES
• MONITORING ACTIVITIES
• ENTRY PROCEDURES
• ISOLATION PROCESS
• ENTRY PERMITS
• EQUIPMENT