Animal Diversity 1

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Animal Diversity 1

• Poriferasponges
• CnideriaJellies, corals, anenomes, etc.
• Platyhelminthesflat worms
• Nematodaround worms
• Molluscamolluscs
• Annelidasegmented worms
• Arthropodacrustaceans, insects, spiders, etc.
• Echinodermatasea stars
• Chordata

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Lower Invertebrates
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Characteristics to compare/note

• Symmetry
• Cephalization
• Digestive tract complexity/organ system
  development
• Feeding, movement, reproduction

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Porifera (Sponges)
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Porifera (Sponges)

• Symmetry
• Asymmetrical
• No head
• Mobility
• Adults Non-motile
• Sessileattached to substrate
• Larvae are mobile
• So they can spread to new environement with less
  competition
• Feeding
• Filter feeders
• Water in through pores by flagellated collar
  cells
• Food is filtered out
• Water leaves sponge through osculum
• Support by spicules, sometimes of silica or
  calcium carbonate
• Deep-water forms have harder, more durable
  spicules
• No body systems, No true tissues
• Simplest/least complex group (phylum)

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Cnideria jellies, anenomes, corals, hydras, etc
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Cnideria

• Symmetry
• Radial symmetry
• No head
• Motile?
• Polyp form is sessile
• Medusa form is motile/drifts
• Feeding
• Tentacles w/ Nematocystsstinging cells capture
  food
• Digestive system with one opening
• Can only process one meal at a time
• Also used for internal distribution
• Basic nervous system

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Cnidaria Jellyfish

• Medusa or Polyp?

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Cnidaria Hydra medusa or polyp?
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Cnidaria Anemones
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Cnideria Corals

• Skeletons
• Made of Calcium carbonate
• rock-like
• Can form reefs over time
• Symbiosis
• Photosynthetic protists--algae lives within the
  cnideria
• Algea provide food for cnidarian
• Cnidarian provides shelter to algae
• Corals must exist in area that allow
  photosynthesis

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Radial Symmetry

• Radial symmetry allows the organism (that cannot
  really move on its own) to interact with
  environment (potential food/prey items) from all
  directions
• No matter what direction you food approaches
  from the cnidarian will be able to capture it

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Platyhelminthes flatworms

• Symmetry
• Cephalization
• Digestive

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Platyhelminthes

• Symmetry
• Bilateral
• Cephalization
• Sense organs concentrated on front
• Motility
• Motileself propelled
• Digestive System
• One openinginefficient
• Only one meal at a time
• Also used for internal distribution
• Basic nervous system
• Some can regenerate
• Free living and parasitic forms

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Platyhelminthes Planaria

• Free living
• Monecious
• Both sexes in same individual
• Eye spotsbasic light detection
• Auricles-chemoreceptors

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Platyhelminthes Flukes Tapeworms

• Monecious
• Parasites
• Scolex
• For attachment
• Proglottid
• For reproduction
• Source
• Tapeworms transmitted through oral-fecal contact
  and undercooked meat
• Gut
• Live in hosts
• digestive system
• so lacks a digestive system of its own

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Nematoda Round worms

• Symmetry
• Cephalization
• Digestive System
• Pseudocoelom

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Nematoda Round worms

• Symmetry
• bilateral
• Cephalization
• Mobility
• Motileself propelled
• Digestive System
• Complete2 openings
• More efficient allows continuous feeding
• Pseudocoelom
• false body cavity, promotes independent
  movement of body parts
• Basic nervous system
• Protective cuticle
• Allows increased tolerance to dry environment
• Free living forms
• Are Major decomposers
• Some forms are parasites

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Parasitic Nematoda
filarial
Hook worms
filarial wormsfilariasis (Elephantiasis )
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Parasitic roundworms

• Hookworm
• Enters body through skin (often from exposure to
  fecally contaminated soil/water)
• Travelles through multiple organs, but chiefly
  infects intestines
• Eggs leave through feces
• Trichina
• Humans can get it from eating undercooked pork
  (or other infected meat)
• Travels through body and infects intestines,
  muscle, heart ect.

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bilateral cephalization

• Cephalization concentration of sense organ at
  one end of organism.
• This end is the head end
• Mobile/self-propelled organims are tyically
  bilateral and cephalized as the concentration of
  sensory organs at the anterior/head end of the
  organism allows it to better negotiate the
  environment.

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Complexity overview

• Poriferans Simplest no tissue, no symmetry,
  filter feeders, no organ systems
• Cniderians symmetry present, sessile/drifters w/
  radial symmetry, predators that use tentacles,
  basic nervous system, basic digestive system that
  is also used to distribute materials throughout
  organsim, true tissues
• Platyhelminthes increasingly complex self
  propelled w/ cephalization and bilateral
  symmetry, a nervous system, basic digestive
  system that is highly branched and use to
  distribute materials, true tissues
• Nematoda most complex group in this lab, has a
  digestive system with two openings, true tissues,
  a false body cavity