Ye Olde Essential Questions

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Ye Olde Essential Questions

• What did the English use to limit the power of
  their government?
• What is a constitution? What is it supposed to
  do?
• How does the English constitution influence the
  US constitution?

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ENGLAND THE MOVE TO DEMOCRACY
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WHAT IS LAW?

• LAW IS THE WRITTEN SET OF RULES FOR A SOCIETY
• THE RULES OF THE GAME THAT BOTH SIDES AGREE ON
  AND WHICH SHOULD BE CHANGED ONLY WITH MUTUAL
  CONSENT

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WHY DO SOCIETIES NEED LAWS?

• LAWS WERE CREATED TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE AGAINST A
  CORRUPT OR OPPRESSIVE MONARCHY OR GOVERNMENT
• LAWS GUARANTEE CIVIL RIGHTS -- THE RIGHTS OF
  EACH CITIZEN TO BE TREATED FAIRLY BY THE
  GOVERNMENT
• W/O LAWS, ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT WILL BE
  OPPRESSIVE AND CORRUPT

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INDIVIDUALS EVENTS
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1215 MAGNA CARTA

• KING JOHN FORCED TO ACCEPT
• POOR MILITARY LEADER -- NEEDED MONEY FROM NOBLES
• NO TAX W/O REPRESENTATION
• ACCUSED MUST HAVE JURY TRIAL
• ALL MUST BE GRANTED PROTECTION OF LAW

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Magna Carta

• In August 1215, John appealed to the Pope, who
  denounced the Charter, annulling it by a papal
  bull and excommunicated the Barons who tried to
  press for its clauses to be carried out. The
  original Magna Carta was thus in force for only
  two months. By September, civil war had broken
  out again because of this.

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King John I at Runnymede
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The Great Charter
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1295 THE MODEL PARLIAMENT

• KING EDWARD I
• BROUGHT COMMANDERS NOBLES TOGETHER AS A
  PARLIAMENT TO ASK THEIR CONSENT TO NEW TAXES
• RADICAL NEW IDEA FOR A MONARCH TO ASK FOR ANYTHING

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1628 CHARLES I THE PETITION OF RIGHT

• 1625 CHARLES NEEDED PARLIAMENT REFUSED
• PARLIAMENT WAS DISBANDED
• 1628 PARLIAMENT CALLED AGAIN AND CHARLES HAD TO
  ACCEPT PETITION OF RIGHT IN EXCHANGE FOR TAX MONEY

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Charles I
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1628 PETITION OF RIGHT

• 4 MAJOR POINTS
• DUE PROCESS OF LAW GUARANTEED
• NO TAXES LEVIED W/O CONSENT OF PARLIAMENT
• NO QUARTERING OF TROOPS IN PRIVATE HOMES IN TIME
  OF PEACE
• NO MARTIAL LAW IN TIME OF PEACE

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1642-49 ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

• JANUARY 1642 CHARLES TRIED TO ARREST LEADERS OF
  PARLIAMENT FAILS
• CIVIL WAR BEGINS
• KINGS SUPPORTERS KNOWN AS ROYALISTS OR CAVALIERS
• ROUNDHEADS PURITANS SUPPORTED PARLIAMENT. LED
  BY OLIVER CROMWELL

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Cavalier Soldiers
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1649CHARLES I TRIED EXECUTED FOR TREASON
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OLIVER CROMWELL (r. 1649- 1658)

• KNOWN AS LORD PROTECTOR
• ESTABLISHED A COMMONWEALTH AND THEN A MILITARY
  DICTATORSHIP
• CROMWELL DIED AND LEFT A WEAK SON TO RULE.
• PARLIAMENT VOTED IN CHARLES II. THIS IS KNOWN AS
  THE RESTORATION

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Oliver Cromwell
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THE RESTORATION1660-1688

• PERIOD OF RULE BY CHARLES II AND THEN BY JAMES II
• BOTH KINGS TRIED TO MINIMIZE THE ROLE OF
  PARLIAMENT
• BOTH KINGS SUPPORTED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
• JAMES II FORCED TO ABDICATE IN 1688 ENDING
  RESTORATION

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1679 HABEAS CORPUS ACT

• LITERALLY MEANS TO BRING OR TO HAVE THE BODY.
• RIGHT OF EVERY PRISONER TO BE BROUGHT BEFORE A
  JUDGE AND EITHER BE FORMALLY CHARGED WITH A CRIME
  AND BE TRIED, OR BE RELEASED

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1688 THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

• JAMES II FORCED TO ABDICATE
• NO BLOOD WAS SPILLED
• THRONE GIVEN TO JAMES DAUGHTER MARY HER
  HUSBAND WILLIAM OF THE NETHERLANDS
• WILLIAM MARY RULED, JOINTLY, BY AN ACT OF
  PARLIAMENT

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William Mary of Orange
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1689 THE BILL OF RIGHTS

• ACCORDING TO THE STATUTES OF PARLIAMENT
• FREE SPEECH FOR MPs IN THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
• FREEDOM TO PETITION KING
• PARLIAMENT TO MEET ON A REGULAR AND FREQUENT BASIS

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• PARLIAMENTS LAWS COULD NOT BE SUSPENDED
• SUPREMACY OF PARLIAMENT CONFIRMED ONCE AND FOR ALL

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