S??????????S ??????S Te?d???? ?at??pa?te???

1
S??????????S ??????STe?d???? ?at??pa?te???

• ??? ?a s?ed???ete ?a? ?a ???ete e??t?se?? se
  ??e??e?

2
?? p?a?s?? ??e??a? (context)

• ??a ??e??a e??a? µ?a s?st?µat??? ?ata??af?
  p????f????? ap? ? s?et??? µe a????p??? ??a ?a
  pe????????µe, ?a s????????µe ? ?a e?µ??e?s??µe
  ???s?, d?a??se?? ? s?µpe??f????.
• G????ta? ??a p???t???? ? ?ata?a??t????
  s?µpe??f????, ??a t? ???s? t?? ?p??es??? ??e?a?,
  ??a p?????ta ?a? ?p??es?e?, ??a t? e??at???
  d??aµ???, ??a ?t?d?p?te ap? t? aßae?? µ???? t?
  ??d?? (p??t? ?a? te?e?ta?a ???? st? ?e????
  ???????? ?e????)

3
?? p?a?s?? ??e??a?

• ?t?µa, ??µ??, S???e?a, ??e???t?? ?????? ??e??e?
  ??t??ta? e??t?se?? s?et??? µe pep????se??,
  ap??e??, ????t?a, a?s??µata, s??d?a, p??s?p???
  ?p?ßa???
• ?? e??t?se?? d?at?ss??ta? se e??t?µat?????a p??
  st?????ta? µe t? ta??d??µe?? ? µe ?p??? ????
  t??p? ??a ?a s?µp???????? ap? ??p???? ?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ap? s??e?te??t?? se t??ef??????
  ? p??s?p? µe p??s?p? s??e?te??e??

4
?? p?a?s?? ??e??a?

• ? t??p?? (?a? ? p???t?ta) t?? e??t?se?? ?a?????e?
  t?? p???t?ta (?a? t?? a???ße?a) t?? apa?t?se??. ?
  d?at?p?s? t?? e??t?se?? (p??pe? ?a) ep??e??eta?
  ap? t? p?a?s?? d??ad?
• ?? s??p? (?p???se?? e??as?a?)
• ??t?? p?? ??t? ?a? t?? t??p? p?? ???e? t??
  e??t?se??
• ??t?? p?? apa?t? ?a? ta ?a?a?t???st??? t??
• ??? apa?t?se??

5
?? s??se?? µeta?? e??t?se??, a????p?? ?a?
p????f???a?

• ??e?? e?d???? ?a????ta? ??a ?a pa???s?????? ta
  ap?te??sµata e?e???? t??? s?et??? µe ?p??e?? t??
  ??????? ??a t? f???????a

6
??t??? pa???s?as??

• ? ? ?? pe??ss?te??? ?????e? ?p?st??????? t??
  a???s? t?? f???? ??a t?? e??s??s? ??????????
  p???t????
• ? ? ?e????? ?????e? ?p?st??????? t?? a???s? t??
  f???? ??a t?? e??s??s? ?????????? p???t????
• ? G ????? ?????e? ?p?st??????? t?? a???s? t??
  f???? ??a t?? e??s??s? ?????????? p???t????

7
???t?se??

• ? ?p?st????ete a???s? t?? f???? ??a ?a
  e??s?????? e?pa?de?t??? p?????µµata ??a ?p??a
  pa?d??
• ? ?p?st????ete a???s? t?? d???? sa? f???? ??a ?a
  e??s?????? e?pa?de?t??? p?????µµata ??a ?p??a
  pa?d??
• G ?p?st????ete a???s? t?? d???? sa? f???? ?at?
  10 ??a ?a e??s?????? e?pa?de?t??? p?????µµata
  ??a ?p??a pa?d??

8
?s??s? 1

• ? ??µ?? ?e?eµ???? (40,000 ??t?????) s?ed???e?
  p?????µµata ??a t?? p?????? t?? ?a??p???s?? t??
  pa?d??? ?a? t?? ß?a? µ?sa st?? ???????e?a. ?
  ??µ?? s??pe?e? ?a ???a??se? µ?a ??e??a se
  ???????e?e? ??a t? d?e?e???s? t?? p??ß??µ?t??
  t??? ?a? ?a p??te??e? ??se??.

9
?s??s? 1

• ?a ap?te??sµata ?a ???s?µ?p??????? ??a ?a
  s?ed?ast??? p?????µµata ??a t?? p?????? ?a? t??
  a?t?µet?p?s? t?? ?at????s?? ????p?e?µat??, t??
  ?????????? ap???e?sµ?? ?a? t?? a?e???a?.
• ??t??a p??ß??µata (?a? ???a) ?p?????? st? ??µ?.
• ?p? ??e??e? ????????µe ?t? s??d???ta? µe ß?a ?a?
  ?a??p???s?

10
?s??s? 1

• Se ???e?? µe pa?d?? se s?????? ?????a se 4 ap? ta
  10 s???e?a ?a sta???? e??t?µat?????a ?ste ?a
  s?µp???????? st? sp?t?.
• ?? e??t?se?? a?af????ta? ?????? st? d?????s?
  e?pa?de?t???? a?a????, ??e???eta? pe??p?? 20
  ?ept? ??a ?a s?µp???????? ?a? ?p?????? se
  t?sse?e?? ???sse? (??µ, ????????, ??ßa???? ?a?
  ??s???). ?e? ?a ?ata??af??? p??s?p??? st???e?a
  ?s?? apa?t?s???.

11
?s??s? 1

• ?? e??t?se?? e??a? st? µ??f? d???se?? ?a? ??
  e??t?µe??? ?a????ta? ?a apa?t?s??? se ???µa?a 1-4
  (S?µf??? ap???ta, s?µf???, d?af??? ?a? d?af???
  ap???ta).
• ?? e??t?µat?????? e???????e ap? d?a?e???µ??a
  µ??? t?? ??µ??.

12
?s??s? 2

• ? ?a?d??? ??????? e??a? µ?a ??????? s??dedeµ???
  µe s???e?a se µ?a pe????? p??? ?aµ????
  e?s?d?µat?? (p.? ?a?a??a Fa?e??µ???) se µ?a
  µe???? p??? (Tessa??????).
• S??pe?e? ?a ??t?se? ???????e?e? ?a?
  e?pa?de?t????? s?et??? µe p??ß??µata (s?µat????
  ?a? ???????) ??e?a? t?? pa?d??? ?ste ?a ?a????se?
  t?? ?p??es?e? t??

13
?s??s? 2

• S?ed??st??e ??a de??µa ??????, e?pa?de?t????,
  epa??e?µat??? st? ???? t?? ??e?a? ?a? pa?d??? ??a
  t? d?e?a???? p??s?p???? s??e?te??e?? (d????e?a?
  pe??p?? 30 ?ept??).
• ?? s??e?te??e?? ?a ?????? sta ???????? ? sta
  ??s??? a?????a µe t? µ?t???? ???ssa t??
  e??t?µe???.

14
?s??s? 2

• ?? µ?s?? (pe??p??) e??t?se?? e??a? st? µ??f?
  ßa?µ?????s?? ? s?et???? d??ta??? ?a? ??
  ?p????pe? a????t?? st?? apa?t?se?? t??
  e??t?µe???.
• ?? s??e?te??e?? ?a e??a? eµp?ste?t????

15
S?????s? S?µp????ste t?? pa?a??t? p??a?a
??e??a 1 ??e??a 2 ?p?d?as? st?? e??t?se??
S??p??
?????sµ??
S??e?te??t??
?pa?t?se??
??????
??sa
??eµ??e?a
16
?a??de??µa (??eµ??e?a)

• ??e??a 1 ?????µa
• ??e??a 2 ?µp?ste?t??? (?a a?a??af??? ??d????
  a?t? ???µata)
• ?p?d?as?
• St?? 1 e?a?s??te? e??t?se?? (?p?? ???s?
  ?a???t???? ? se???a????? p??t?µ?se??) µp??e? ?a
  apa?t?????
• St?? 2 p??pe? ?a ?p???e? p??s??? se a?t?? ??at?
  e??a? ???st?? ?? e??t?µe???.

17
Checklist

• ???sd????ste t?? s??p? t?? ??e??a?
• S???e???µe??p???ste t??? ????? p??
  ???s?µ?p?????ta?
• ??at?p?ste µe saf??e?a t?? ?p???se?? e??as?a?
• ?e?et?ste t?? p????sµ?
• S??d??ste t?? ?p???se?? µe t? d?a??s?µ? ?????
• ??p?p???ste t?? s??e?te??t?
• ?????t?? ? ??e?st?? e??t?se?? Se t? ???µa?a
• ?????????, p???t?st??? ?a? ??????µ??? pe??ß?????

18
S??p??

• S?????? s??p?? e??a? t? ep?d????µe?? ap?t??esµa.
  ?p???e? (s?ed?? p??ta) ??a? ?e????? st???? (p.?.
  ??a??p???s? ap? t?? e??as?a).
• ?? e??t?se?? p??pe? ?a a?af????ta? st? ?e????
  a?t? st???. ???t?se?? ??a ???a ??µata (p.?.
  p??????µe?e? e??as?a??? eµpe???e?, ??µp?, ?.?.p.)
  µp??e? ?a e??a? ?s?ete?.

19
?p?saf???s?

• ? ???? e?pa?de?t???? a????e? st? 1 e??a? p???
  ?e?????. ?p??e? ?a e??a? t??t?ß??µ?a
  e?pa?de?s?, epa??e?µat??? e?pa?de?s? ? e?d????
  ???se?? ?p?? µa?e?????, d?a?e???s? ???µ?t??,
  a?at??f? t?? pa?d???.
• ?? 2 a?af??eta? se a????e? ??e?a?. ? ???sµ??
  t?? a?a???? ??e?a? e??a? d?af??et???? ??a
  d?af??et???? p???t?st???? afet???e?.

20
?p?saf???s?

• ???pe? ?a p??????e? ß?ß?????af??? ??e??a ??a t???
  ???sµ???. ?p??e? ?a t??? ???sete µ???? sa?, a???
  t?p?ta de? ßeßa???e? ?t? ?? ????? ?a s?µf????? ?
  ?a ?ata?aßa????? t??? ???sµ??? sa?.
• ?a??te?a ?a ???s?µ?p?????ta? ???st?? ???sµ?? ?a?
  e?e?µ??e? e??t?se??.

21
?a??de??µa

• ? ???µa?a ?de???????? a?t?t?p???t?s??
• 1 ???ste?? µe 10 ?e??? St????eta? st?? s????e?a
  ßa?µ?????s?? ?a? s??pe?e? st?? a?a??t?s? t??
  d?aµ?s??
• ?p? t? 1 µ???? t? 7 (Likhert) St????eta? st??
  ?p??es? ?a??????t?ta? ?a? e?f???e? t?? t?p???
  ?a?????? ?ata??µ?
• (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3)

22
??e???t???? ?p???se??

• St?? 1
• ?? pe??ss?te?? ??t??µe?e? e?pa?de?t???? ?p??es?e?
• ??af???? µeta?? e???t?t??
• ??af???? µeta?? f????
• ?????? ??a epa??e?µat??? e?pa?de?s?
• ??a??p???s? ap? t? µ??f?t??? ep?ped?

23
??e???t???? ?p???se??

• ??a p??pe? ?a ?ata??afe?
• ?? e?pa?de?t???? a????e?
• ? e?????t?ta
• ?? f???
• ? d???es? s?µµet???? se epa??e?µat??? seµ?????a
• ? ??a??p???s? ap? t? µ??f?t??? ep?ped?

24
?p?saf???s?

• ???? ?a ?e????sete p??pe? ?a ?e?a?a??sete ?????
  t??? aµf??e??µe???? ?????. ?? ?a pe? ??a
  pa??de??µa
• ?????e?, e?pa?de?t???? a????e?, e???t?ta,
  d???es?, ??a??p???s?, ????, epa???? d?a?e???s?
  d?a?es?µ??, pe??a???a, ?p?d?µ??

25
?p?saf???s?

• ???e? e??a? ?? a????e? (? ?? ?p??es?e?) ?a? ap?
  t?? ?ata??af? p?? ?a ???ete p??e? ?a pe????ßete
  se ??a ?at????? se ??a e??t?µat??????
• ??? ?e?????ete ??a ??a??p???µ??? ap? ??a?
  d?sa?est?µ??? pe??t? ? ????a
• ?? e??a? ?a???t?µ?a
• ?? s?µa??e? ??a??p???t??? d?a?e???s? ap??eµ?t??

26
?e??t? t?? p????sµ??

• ?s?? e??t??ta? p??pe? ?a µp????? ?a apa?t?s??? µe
  saf??e?a ?a? a???ße?a. ?????te t?? d?at?p?s? ?a?
  t? ßa?µ? ?ata???s?? t?? e??t?se??. Se ??a ?e????
  p????sµ? ?p?????? ?????p?? p?? d?aß????? ?a?? ?a?
  ????? p?? de? µp????? ?a d?aß?s???. ???? ß?e?e?te
  µp??st? se ?e??? e??t?se?? ßeßa???e?te ?t? µp??e?
  ?a apa?t?????.

27
?e??t? t?? p????sµ??

• G?a pa??de??µa se µ?a e?pa?de?t??? ??e??a p?????
  de? µp????? ?a apa?t?s??? st?? e??t?s?
• ????? p??pe? ?a e??a? ? ????? t?? ?a?da???????
  ??st?t??t?? (? t?? ???t??? ??pa?de?t???? ??e??a?)
  st?? ???sµ? e?pa?de?t???? standards ??a ??a t?p?
  s???e???

28
?e??t? t?? p????sµ??

• ?? de? t??? ??e? e?????e? µp??e? ?a µ?? ?????????
  t? ???? (??te ?a? t?? ?pa???) t?? ?a?da???????
  ??st?t??t??.
• ?p??e? ep?s?? ?a ????? d?s????a ?a apa?t?s???
  s?et??? µe s????e?e? ? e????e?e? t??? p??
  a?af????ta? st? pa?e???? ? st? µ?????. ??
  ??t?sete p.?. ???e?? a????p??? ??a p??ß??µata
  ??e?a? ??a ????? p???. ? p???? ?a ??f?s??? ??a t?
  ??µ?t??? ??aµ???sµa st?? ep?µe?e? e??????.

29
? d?a??s?µ?? ??????

• ? a???µ?? t?? e??t?se?? ?a?????eta? ap? t? ?????
  p?? d?a??t??µe ??a apa?t?se??.
• ?p?s?? ap? t?? e?e???t???? µa? ?p???se??.

30
?? e??t?se??

• ?? ?????µe (st?? 1) ?a d?ap?st?s??µe
• ??pa?de?t???? a????e?, e???t?ta, f???,
  d?a?es?µ?t?ta s?µµet???? se seµ?????a,
  ??a??p???s? ap? µ??f?t??? ep?ped?, ?????a,
  d?a?e???s? ???????????, f???t?da t?? pa?d???,
  µ??f?t??? ep?ped?, µe??d??? pe??a???a?

31
?? e??t?se??

• ???pe?
• ?a d?ap?st?s??µe p?se? e??t?se?? ??a ???e ??µa
  p??pe? ?a ??t?s??µe (??µ??e?te ?t? p??pe? ?a
  d?a???se? 20 ?ept?). ??a p??pe? ?a e??????µe e?
  t?? p??t???? t? e??t?µat??????
• ?a d?ap?st?s??µe t?? ?ata?????t?ta t?? e??t?se??,
  ??t??ta? e?d?????, d?aß????ta? ???e? ??e??e? ?
  a?a????ta? stat?st??? ded?µ??a

32
? s??e?te??t??

• ? ?deat?? ??t?e? t?? e??t?se?? µe t?? ?d?? t??p?
  se ????? t??? e??t?µe????.

33
? s??e?te??t??

• ??a e??t?µat?????? s?et??? µe t?? ?a??p???s? ?a?
  t?? e???p? f???t?da t?? pa?d??? ap?te???µe?? ap?
  25 e??t?se?? st???eta? se 200 ???e??.
• ???? t? d???µ????µe se 50 ???e??. ? a????? µ??f?
  µe 35 e??t?se?? ??e?e p??? ????? ??a ?a
  s?µp?????e?. ?? 10 t??????st? de? apa?t??? se
  ??p??a e??t?s?, ? e??t?s? e?a??e?ta?.

34
? s??e?te??t??

• S??e?te??e?? ??a ?a s????????µe t?? ap??e??
  d?e????t?? ?a? p??s?p???? s?et??? µe t??
  e?ast???t?ta t?? ??a???? e??as?a?. ?? tµ?µa
  ??e??a? e?pa?de?e? ??a 6 ??e? p??te s??e?te??t??
  ?a? e????e? ??a de??µa e??t?µe??? ??a ?a
  ßeßa???e? ?t? ?? s??e?te??t?? a????????? t??
  ?d???e? µe a???ße?a

35
? t?p?? t?? e??t?se??

• ?????t?? ? ??e?st??
• Se t? ???µa?a
• ???pe? ?a e??a? s?µßat?? µe t?? s????e?e? t??
  p????sµ?? (p.?. ßa?µ?? se 10, 20 ? 7)

36
S?µp????ste ta pa?a??t? (?)
??s? s?µf??e?te µe ???e µ?a ap? t?? pa?a??t?
p??t?se?? s?et??? µe t?? a????? p???ata??t????
e?????? e??t?µat??????? p?? s?µp???????ta? ap?
t?? e??t?µe??
S??p?? S?µf??? p??? S?µf??? ??af??? ??af??? p??? ??
?a e?e????e? ? ?ata?????t?ta t?? e??t?se??
?a ap?fas?ste? a? ??p??a e??t?s? pa?ap?a??
?a e?e????e? a? ?? e??t?µe??? µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p???s??? t?? ???µa?e? e??t?se??
?a d?ap?st??e? ? a???p?st?a t?? e??t?µat???????
?a d?ap?st??e? a? ? p????f???a p?? s???e?t???eta? e??a? s?st?
37
S?µp????ste ta pa?a??t? (2)

• ??at?p?ste t? ßa?µ? s?µf???a? sa? se s??s? µe t?
  pa?a??t?
• ???t?µat?????a p?? s?µp???????ta? ap? t???
  e??t?µe???? p??pe? ?a e??????ta? p??? t?? ???s?
  t??? ?s?? af??? t?? e?????t?ta ?a? t?? a???p?st?a
  t???. ??t? s?µa??e? ?a e?e???e? ? ßa?µ?? e?????a?
  s?µp????s?? t??? ap? t??? e??t?µe???? ?a??? ?a? ?
  µ??f? t?? e??t?µat???????
• Se ??a ?e????st? f???? ?a?t? ????te t?? ap??t?s?
  sa?

38
S??????S e??t?se??

• µe t? ??µa p?? e?et????µe
• Se µ?a ??e??a ??a ta ae??p????? ta??d?a
  pe??µ????µe e??t?se?? ??a fa??t?, ?p??es?e?,
  a???ße?a, ?.?.p.. ?? p??pe? ?a ??t?sete
  fa???µe???? ?s?eta p???µata (p.?. s?et??? µe
  s????e?e? d?aß?sµat??) p??pe? ?a a?afe????? ??
  ?????.
• µe????? ap? t?? e??t?se?? a?af????ta? se
  s????e?e? sa? ?ste ? ???µp?a?? ?e??p???a ?a
  ??a??p??e? t??? ep?ß?te? t??

39
S?F??S e??t?se??

• ?ta? d?? ?? pe??ss?te??? s?µf????? ??a t?? ???e??
  p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta?. ?? µ?a e??t?s? a?af??eta?
  st?? a?t????? ??a t? ?at?stas? t?? ??e?a?,
  ??p???? p?? e??a? ?a?? ?e???? a??? ?ta? ????st??
  t?? p??????µe?? ßd?µ?da ?a apa?t?se? d?af??et???
  ap? ??p???? p?? ?ta? as?e??? ??a µe???? d??st?µa
  a??? t??a e??a? ?a??te?a.

40
S?F??S e??t?se??

• ???s?µ?p???ste ??????? pe???d?
• ??? ?a pe?????fate t?? ?at?stas? t?? ??e?a? sa?
• St??? te?e?ta???? t?e?? µ??e? p?? ?a pe?????fate
  t?? ?at?stas? t?? ??e?a? sa?
• ??s? s???? a???ste a?? ßd?µ?da
• ??s? s???? a??????ate t?? p??????µe?? ßd?µ?da

41
S?F??S e??t?se??

• Sa? ??ese ? pa??stas?
• Sa? ??ese ? p??t? p???? t?? pa??stas??
• ????ate t?? ??µ???? s????? t?? p??t?? p????? t??
  pa??stas?? d?as?edast????

42
???????S ????????

• ???????? pe???d?? ?t?? ? µe?a??te?e?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ??a s?µa?t??? ?e????ta ?p?? ?
  a???? e??? sp?t???, µ?a s?ßa?? as???e?a, µ?a
  ?????s? ? ??a? ???at??.
• ??t??ta? a????p??? ?a ??µ????? s?et??? ad??f??a
  ?e????ta se s??s? µe µe???e? ???????? pe???d???
  ?d??e? ap?? se e??as?e?

43
???????S ????????

• ?? a?a??t??e? ? sta???d?s?a st?? d?µ?t????
  e?????? (2002) µe???? µ???? t?? e???????? s?µat??
  ap?? de? ??µ?ta?.
• ??s? ??de?ete ???e f??? p?? ß?a??ete ???
• ??s? ??d??ate ?at? t? d????e?a t?? e??d?? sa? t??
  te?e?ta?e? d?? ßd?µ?de?

44
G?OSS?

• ???s?µ?p???ste s?µßat??? ???ssa.
• ??a ??e??a de? e??a? s???t?s?. G?a ?a ??ete
  a???ße?? p????f???e? ???s?µ?p???ste saf?
  ??aµµat???, s?µe?a st???? ?a? ??????af?a. ???e??
  p?? µe??st?p????? t?? ?ata???s? ap? ?????.
• ??e? ?? e??t?se?? p??pe? ?a e?e?????? ap? ???ste?
  t?? p??ß??µat?? ?a? e?d??e?µ????? a????p???

45
G?OSS?

• ?????? p??t?se??
• ??p?? d?aµ????
• ?p??e? ?a e??a? Tessa??????, ?a?ed???a, ???????,
  ?. ????a 3, ?p?tsa??
• Se p??? d?µ? ?at???e?te a?t? t?? pe???d?

46
G?OSS?

• ??? s??t?µ???af?e?
• ?a???a? de? e??a? ?p???e?µ???? ?a ??????e? t?
  e??a? ERP, PR, ???, ????, ?S??, ??G?. ??
  pe??ss?te??? ?????p?? ????????? (p??a???) t?
  ????T, t? ??S?? ?a? t?? ?? a??? de? ????? ?a???a
  ???? ?a ?????? t? ??, t? ???, t? ?????.

47
G?OSS?

• ??? ?d??µat?sµ?? ?a? ?e?????sµ??
• ???????? p??? ??????a ?a? ?? ?????p??
  p??sa?µ????ta? st??? ?a?????????. ?p??????
  e?a???se??. ?p??e? ?a ??e?aste? ??a e?d????
  ?µ?de? (?µ??e?e??) ?p?? ?? ???a??µ???? ?pad??
  ?µ?d??, ? ?e??a?a.
• ?ta? ?µ?? pa???s?aste? st? ?e???? ????? p??pe? ?a
  µetaf?aste? ?a? p??a??? ?a ?a?e? t? ???µa

48
G?OSS?

• ??? epa??e?µat??? ? ??afe????at??? a???? ?
  te??????? ?????
• ?p???? e??a? e????e??µ???? µe t?? epa??e?µat???
  a???? t?? ????pa???? ???s?? µp??e? ?a ?ata??ße?
  t??? ????? t?? ?e?????? ?e?t??? (p.?.
  pa?ad?t?a, logistics, ?e???st??)

49
G?OSS?

• ?? e??t?se?? p??pe? ?a e?e?????? ap? e?d?????
• ?? e??t?se?? p??pe? ?a e?e?????? ap? d???t?????
  ???ste?
• ???s?µ?p???ste e??t?se?? ap? ???e? ??e??e?! ?.?.
  ap? t?? ?S?? ? ???e? ep?s?µe? p????. ?????
  e?e???e? ?a? d????? ?a? s?????t??? ap?te??sµata

50
G?OSS?

• S??t?µe? e??t?se?? apa?t??? ????te?? ????? ?a?
  p???a???? s??t?µe? apa?t?se??
• ?e???e? e??t?se?? e??a? ???s?µe? ??a e?a?s??ta
  ??µata.

51
G?OSS?

• ?a??de?sate se ??p??a ???? ???a ?? ?a?, p?s?
  s?µa?t??? ?ta? t? f?s??? t?p?? ??a t?? ap?fas?
  sa?
• ?a??d?a se ???e? ???e? ????? ???e? s????e?a ??a
  t??? ?????e? ta te?e?ta?a ?????a. ??ete
  ta??de?se? st? e??te???? ?? ?a?, p??a??? ?a
  ep????ate t?? p?????sµ? sa? ???? t?? f?s????
  t?p???. ??s? s?µa?t??? ?ta? st?? ep????? sa?

52
G?OSS?

• ???s?µ?p???ste p?????? e??t?se?? µe p??s???. ??
  pe??ss?te??? e???????ta? ?a? ??µ????? ?t?
  a?af????ta? st??? ?d????.
• ?e? e?ste ? µ????. ?? ???e?? a?a?a?t??? µe ta
  pa?d?? t??? µe????? f????. ??? te?e?ta?a ßd?µ?da
  a?a?a?t?sate µe t? pa?d? sa?
• ??ste st?? ?a??te?? s??t??f??. ?????? ?????p??
  d?µ?s?a ????? pa?ade?te? ?t? a?a??t?sa? ß???e?a
  se s??s? µe ?pe?ß????? ?ata????s? a?????. ???
  pe?asµ??? ????? ep?s?eft??ate ??p???? e?d???
  ??at? p?ste?ate ?t? e??ate ?ata?a??se? p???
  a?????

53
G?OSS?

• ?p?f??ete µe????pt???? ???e?? ?a? f??se??.
  ????a???? s??a?s??µat???? a?t?d??se?? ?a?
  a???????? t?? apa?t?se??. ??t??s?, ?a???? (???
  ???s?e?t????) a????p?sµ??, t? d??a??µa ?a ??e??
  ?p??. ?? ???e?? s?s?a??sµ?? ? ??µµ????sµ?? de?
  p???a???? s??a?s??µat???? a?t?d??se?? p???? (a???
  50 ?????a p??? p???a???sa?!)

54
G?OSS?

• ??? d?p??? ? p???ap??? e??t?se??
• S?µf??e?te ?a ??de???µe pe??ss?te?a ???µata ??a
  a???t???? ?a? p???t?st???? d?ast????t?te?
• ????? s?µf????? ??a t?? a???t???? ????? ??a t??
  p???t?st???? ?a? ????? ?a? ??a t?? d??.
• ?????te t? ???s? t?? ????? ?a? st?? e??t?se??

55
G?OSS?

• ??? a???t??? d?at?p?µ??e? e??t?se?? ? d??
  a???se??
• ? ??? de? p??pe? ?a ??e? µe?a??te?? a?µ?d??t?ta
  ?a eµp???eta? st?? st?at??t???? ?p???se?? t??
  ?????.
• ??p???? ??µ????? ?t? p??pe? ?a apa?t?s??? st??
  e??t?s? ????? t? de? ? apa?t??? st? ?et??? e??t?s?

56
?????t?? ? ??e?st??

• Ge???? ?? ??e?st?? e??t?se?? e??a? p??
  a???p?ste?. F?s??? ????? p?e??e?t?µata ?a?
  µe???e?t?µata.

57
?????t??

• ???s?µe? ??a ?a ?ata??af??? s???e??. Se ??e??e?
  p?? st??e???? se ?t?µa ?a? ??? se ?µ?de?
• ??s???? ?a s????????? ?a? ?a pa???s?ast???.
• ??s? s???? t?? te?e?ta?? µ??a d?s???e????ate ?a
  ??eµ?sete
• ?p??t?s? 1 ??? s????
• ?p??t?s? 2 ?e??p?? 10 t?? pe??pt?se??
• ?p??t?s? 3 S????te?a ap? t?? p??????µe?? µ??a.

58
??e?st??

• ?p????? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? se stat?st????
  te??????.
• ???a? e?????te?? ?a apa?t?????, ?a ??d???p???????
  ?a? ?a a?a??????

59
?????t?? ? ??e?st??

• ???a? s?µa?t???? ?? d?at?p?se?? t?? e??t?µe???
• T??ete ta????µ?µ??a ded?µ??a ?a? ??????ete t??
  d??ta?? e? t?? p??t????
• ?? e??t?µe??? µp????? ?a? ?????? ?a apa?t?s??? µe
  d??? t??? ????a
• T??ete apa?t?se?? e? t?? p??t???? t?p??et?µ??e?
  se µ?a ???µa?a

60
?????t?? ? ??e?st??

• T??ete ?a d?at?p?sete µ??? t?? e??t?s?
• T??ete ?a ep??????? ap? p???a????sµ??e?
  apa?t?se??
• ?p??e?te ?a a?a??sete s????a ?a? sp???e?
  apa?t?se??
• ???t?µ?te ?a ßas?ste?te se e? t?? p??t????
  ep??????
• Ta pa???s??sete at?µ???? ? ?µad?p???µ??e?
  ?e?t???? apa?t?se??
• Ta pa???s??sete stat?st??? ap?te??sµata

61
???µa?e? µ?t??s??

• ??t?µe?
• ?at?????a?
• ???ta???
• S??e?e??

62
?etaß??t?? ?at?????a?

• ???pe? ?? t?µ?? ?a ?e???????? µe a???ße?a, ?a
  ?a??pt??? ??e? t?? pe??pt?se?? ?a? ?? ?at?????e?
  ?a ????? ???µa
• ?? ??f?se st?? e??????
• ???f?t??? ep?ped?
• F???
• ?????a??? ?µ?de?

63
?etaß??t?? d??ta???

• ? s????te?? ?at?????a µetaß??t??
• ? a???µ?? t?? apa?t?se??, ? d?at?p?s? t??
  apa?t?se??, ? ?pa??? µ?s?? s?µe???, ? ??aµµat???
  ? a???st??? ?a? ? ?pt??? e????a t??
  e??t?µat???????.

64
??a s???t?s?

• ???? µ?a ??e??a s?et??? µe t? ????? ?a? t?? p?es?
  st? ???? e??as?a?. T??? ?a ??t?s? p?s? s????
  a?s?a????ate ?atap?esµ???? st?? e??as?a sa? ??
  d?a??s?µe? ep?????? ??? ?ste ?a µp??? ?a
  s???????
• ??e???esa? ??a s????? apa?t?se?? p?? µp??e? ?a
  d?ata????? ap? t? s???? µ???? t? sp???a

65
??a s???t?s?

• ???e? ???µa?e? e??a? d?a??s?µe?
• ??a ???µa?a 3 s?µe???. S????, µe????? f????,
  p?t?.
• ??a 4 s?µe??? s?ed?? p??ta, µe????? f????, ???e?
  f????, s?ed?? p?t?.
• ??a 6 s?µe??? p??ta, t?? pe??ss?te?e? f????,
  s?ed?? t?? pe??ss?te?e? f????, µe????? f????,
  e????ste? f????, s?ed?? p?t?

66
??a s???t?s?

• ???µ? ?a? a???µ?t??? ???µa?a. ?? 100 t??
  ?atast?se??, ap? 50 µ???? t? 100, ??t? ap?
  50.
• ??? ?a ap?fas?s?
• ???pe? ?a ap?fas?se?? a? ?a ??e?? µ?s? s?µe?? ?
  ep????? de? ????-de? apa?t?.
• ?? µe s?µß???e?e??

67
???s?µ?p???ste ???µa?a p?? ??e? ?????a

• ??t?ste ?????? e?e???t??
• ??t?ste d???t????? e??t?µe????
• ????µ?ste pe??ss?te?e? ???µa?e? ?a? ep????te a?t?
  p?? pa???e? µetaß??t?t?ta ?a? d??at?t?ta
  d?????s??.

68
???te t?p?? apa?t?se??

• S?µf???a, ta?t?s?
• S?????a s?st?, s?st?, de? ??? ???µ?, ?????,
  s?????a ?????.
• S?µf???, µ????? s?µf???, ??te s?µf??? ??te
  d?af???, µ????? d?af???, d?af???.

69
???te t?p??

• S????t?ta
• ???ta, p??? s????, s?et??? s????, µe????? f????,
  sp???a, p?t?.
• ??tas?
• S?ßa??, µ?t???, ?p??, p??? ?p??, as?µa?t?

70
???te t?p??

• ?p?d?as?
• S?ßa?? p??ß??µa, µ?t??? p??ß??µa, µ???? p??ß??µa,
  p??? µ???? p??ß??µa, ?a????? p??ß??µa
• S?????s?
• ???? pe??ss?te??, ???? pe??ss?te??, pe??p?? t?
  ?d??, ???? ????te??, p??? ????te??

71
S?µµet????? apa?t?se??

• ???pe? ?? t?µ?? ?a e??a? s?µµet????? ??te e??a?
  ??t??? e?te pe??tt?? p?????? S?????? ?a?! ??te
  ??a ?????? aµe??????a? (?a µ? ?ate??????ta? se
  pe??ss?te?e? ?et???? ? a???t???? apa?t?se??) e?te
  ??at? ???ßeta? ? p???p??es? ??p??a? s?µµet?????
  ?ata??µ?? st?? p????sµ?.

72
???a

• ???µa?e? 5, 6 ? 7 t?µ??. 4 ? 5 se ta??d??µ???
  e??t?µat?????a
• ???s?µ?p???ste t?? ??d?te?? ep?????
  (??te??te, de? ??? ???µ?) µ??? ?ta? ??e? f?s???
  s?µas?a
• ? a???t??? p?e??? t?? ???µa?a? p??pe? ?a e??a?
  st?? a???

73
? µ??f?

• ??ste st??? e??t?µe???? p?? ?a? p?? ?a s?µe??s???
  t?? apa?t?se??
• ?p?f??ete e??t?se?? p?? pa?ap?µp??? se ???e?
• ?? s??e?te??t?? p??pe? ?a ?e???????? t?? ?d???e?
  ap? t?? e??t?se??!
• ???s?µ?p???ste ta????µ?se?? µ??? ?ta? ??
  e??t?µe??? e??a? se ??s? ?a ta????µ?s???

74
G??se??, S?µpe??f???? ?a? ?p??e??

• ?????? f???? s??d???ta? µeta?? t???
• ??a? ?a??? t??p?? e??a? ?a e????ete t?? e??t?se??
  ??t??ta? ap? t??? e??t?µe???? ?a sa? p??? µe d???
  t??? ????a t? s?µa??e?! (cognitive pretesting)

75
??a s???t?s?

• ?????µe µ?a ??e??a s?et??? µe t?? ??a??p???s? ap?
  t?? ?p??es?e? ??e?a?. ? e??t?s? 1 a?af??eta?
  st?? s?µa?t???t?ta t?? p??sßas?µ?t?ta?. ? ???µa?a
  e??a? s?????a s?µa?t???, s?µa?t???, s?et???
  s?µa?t???, ???? s?µa?t??? ?a? de? ??? ???µ?.

76
??a s???t?s?

• ??1 ?e ??t?te ?a p? ?a ?e??? ?t? e??a? s?µa?t???
  ?a µp??? ?a ß?? ??a? ??at?? ?ta? t?? ??e????µa?
• ??2 G?a µ??a, p??sßas?µ?t?ta s?µa??e? ?a µ??
  ?p???e? µe???? ap?stas? ?a? ?a µp??? ?a pa?????
  ?ta? ft??? e?e?.

77
??t????e??, ap??e??, st?se??

• S???? e??a? ???s?µ? ?a ??t?µe
• ??s? s?µf??e? ?a? p?s? e?d?af??eta? ? e??t?µe???.
  ?.?.
• ?? ???a??e? t?? p????p?????? t??? ep??e?????.
• ???t?s? 1 Ge???? t? e?????ete
• ???, ???, ??
• ???t?s? 2 ??s? e?d?af??este ??a a?t?
• ????, S?et???, ????

78
G??se??

• G??s? e??? ??µat?? (d?a???st??? ??e??a)
• ??a p???ata??t??? ??e??a ???eta? ??a ?a
  d?ap?st?se? t? ????????? ?? ???a??e? p??
  ep?s??pt??ta? t? ???a????????? tµ?µa e???
  ??s???µe??? ??a t? test ???. ???t?se?? p??
  a?af????ta? st? s??p? t??, st?? t??p? p?? ???eta?
  ?a? st?? s????t?ta

79
G??se??

• ?????e? e?pa?de?s??
• ?? 60 de? apa?t? s?st? st?? e??t?s? ??at?
  ???eta? t? test. ???? 20 ??????e? t? s????t?ta.
  S?ed?? 92 p?? ????? ???e? ????????? p?? ???eta?.
• S?ed?????? ??a e??µe??t??? f????d?? ?a? µ?a
  e?st?ate?a sta µ?sa e??µ???s??

80
??????ta? t? s?µpe??f??? ?a? t? st?s?

• ??a ap? t?? e??t?se?? a?af??eta? st? ??????
  ?e?t?????a? t?? ????????. ?? ???a??e? p??
  ????????? t? s??p? t?? test e??a? pe??ss?te??
  s?µf??e? µe t?? d?e????s? t?? ??a???? (10 p??? 1)!

81
?saf? ???a µeta?? st?s?? ?a? ???s??

• ?? p?s?st? p???t?? ?at? t? ???µ? sa? ???ße?
  ??p??a ?s?da t?? ap? t?? ef???a
• ????? e??a? ? ?a??te??? t??p?? ?a p????ße?? t?
  ???p? se ?t?µa ??? t?? 75
• ???a? e??t?se?? ???s?? ? st?s??
• ? p??t? µ????e? µe ???s? a??? e??a? st?s? (????
  ???ß???)
• ? de?te?? µ????e? µe st?s? a??? e??a? ???s?
  (d?ste t??? eµß????)

82
?? ???st???? e??t?se?? de? e??a? test

• ?????? e??t?se?? e??a? d?s???e? ?a? p??pe? ?a
  d????? t? d??at?t?ta de? ????
• ??a ap?????µa ?a??ss??? ?a???? ß?????e st??
  ???µp? ???? ap? ta pa?a??t? e??a? p?? ???t? st??
  p?a?µat???t?ta

83
????

• ?p???a? ????a ??p?te st? ß????
• ? s?et??? ???as?a ?ta? p??? ?????
• ?? ß???? s??µat?st??e µet? t? ???at? t?? ?a????
• ?a ????a ?ta? aµf?ß?a
• ???a??? ß?????e ???? p??µµ??a?
• ?e? ????

84
?????a

• G?a ?a ???e?? t?? a???ß? ?????a p??pe? ?a
  ?ata????e?? ?µ??a, µ??a ?a? ?t?? ?????s??.

85
??s?d?µa

• ?? e??t?se?? e?s?d?µat?? e??a? p??? e?a?s??te?.
  ??????ta? ?at?????e? ???a ap? t?? pa?a??t?
  ?at?????e? pe?????fe? ?a??te?a t? e?s?d?µa sa? t?
  2004 ?? µp??e?te ß?e?te µe a???ße?a (?p?? ?
  ?S??) t? e?s?d?µa. ?? ???ete e?s?d?µa ???????????
  ??t?ste ??a a?t? (t? e?s?d?µa sa? s?µa??e? ?a? t?
  at?µ??? ?a? t? ?????e?e?a?? ??a p??????)

86
??pa?de?s?

• ?p????te ?at??????p???se?? p?? e?d?af????? st??
  ??e??a sa?. Se µ?a ??e??a d???????? ? ?at?????e?
  e??a? d?af??et???? ap? t? ?e???? p????sµ?.

87
??µ???af???!

• ?e?et?ste t?? p????sµ?
• ?p?fas?ste t?? apa?t??µe?? ?ept?µ??e?a st??
  ?ata??af?
• ??at?p?ste a????t?? e??t?se?? (??a t?? ?????a, t?
  e?s?d?µa, t?? ta??d??µ??? ??d???, ?.?.p)
• ???s?µ?p???ste s????????? ?????
• ?p?fas?ste a? ???ete ?a ???ete s?????se?? (t?te
  p??pe? ?a a???????sete t?? ?S?? st??? ???sµ???)

88
??d???? e??t?se?? (factorial)

• ???s?µ?p????µe pa?aµet????? e??t?se?? ??a ?a
  d?ap?st?s??µe a? pep????se?? ?a? ap??e?? e??a?
  sta?e???.
• ?? pe??ss?te??? ?????p?? p?ste???? ?t? e??a?
  ep?t?ept? ?a pe?? ??µata se µe????? pe??pt?se??
  (p.?. se ??a µ???? ????ts? ?t? t? f??eµa t??
  e??a? p??? ??a?? ?s?eta a? e??a? ?s??µ?)

89
?a?aµet????? e??t?se??

• ???? p?ste???? ?t? de? p??pe? ?a pe?? ??µata st?
  d??ast????.
• St?? e??t?se?? a?t?? t?? t?p?? d?at?p????ta?
  ?p??et???? ?atast?se?? ?a? ??t??µe t?? ???s? t??
  e??t?µe???. Se a?t? t?? pe??pt?s? p??pe? ?a
  ???s?µ?p???s??µe µetaß??t?? ?a? ?a d?µ??????s??µe
  (?????de?) e?a??a?t???? pe??pt?se??

90
?a?aµet????? e??t?se??
????e?ta? ??a ?a??µeta?e???s? ????e?ta? ??a ?a??µeta?e???s? Ta t? ?ata??e??ete Ta t? ?ata??e??ete
? µ?t??a ?t?p?e? t?? 12????? ???? t?? µe ??a ?????? ?aßd?. ? µ?t??a e??a? ??????da ?a? ??e???. ?? pa?d? fa??eta? µe?a??????? ??? ??? ??? ???
? pat??a? e??a? sp???a sp?t?, ?a? pa?aµe?e? t?? 8????? ??? t?? ?ta? e??a? sp?t?. ? pat??a? e??a? µeta??st?? ?a? e??a??µe???. ?? pa?d? e??a? ??t? ap? t? µ?s? ??? st? s???e?? ??? ??? ??? ???
91
?etaß??t??
F??? ????a ??d?a?, G??a??a
F??? pa?d??? ?????, ????ts?
?????a pa?d??? 5-14
?ata???? ????a ?????a?, ??ßa???, ??s??, ?s???????
?pas????s? ??e????, ???a??µe???
S?ßa??t?ta t?µ???a? ?ast????, µe ????, ?t?p?µa st?? t????, µp?????
??p?? t?µ???a? S?µat???, ??s??µat???, se???a????
S?µpe??f??? pa?d??? ??a?µat???t?ta, e??te???? eµf???s?
92
?a?aµet?????

• ???ste µe saf??e?a t?? ?p???se??
• ???ste t?? µetaß??t?? µe ß?s? t?? p?a?µat???t?ta
  ?a? t?? ß?ß?????af?a
• ?? t?µ?? p??pe? ?a ???st??? sta s??a??af?µata
  t??a?a
• ?eßa???e?te ?t? ta s??a??af?µata e??a?
  e?a?????sta
• p.?. 400 ?t?µa µe 25 s??a??af?µata ???e? 10,000
  apa?t?se??

93
Conjoint

• S?ed??st??e ??a p??t?µ?se?? se a?a?? ?a?
  ?p??es?e?. ?????µe ?p??et??? se????a ?a? ??t?µe
  ?a ep??e?e? t? ?a??te?? ap? t?? e??t?µe??. ??
  ?p???s??µe ?t? ?????µe ?a d??µe t? e?d??? jeans
  p??t?µ??? ?? pe??te? ?a? ????????µe t??a
  ?a?a?t???st??? p?? ep?d????.
• ???µa, t?µ? ?a? ?????

94
Conjoint

• ?p?e, ?a???, ?sp??
• 30, 40, 50
• ?fasµa t???, ßaµß???, ßaµßa??????

95
Pairwise method

• ??? d?? ?? µetaß??t??
• ?.? ep????? ap? ???µa ?a? t?µ? ?a? ??t?µe ?a
  ßa?µ??????e? ap? t? 1 µ???? t? 9, ?a ßa?µ??????e?
  ?e????st? ???e s??d?asµ?? ? ?a s????????? d??
  s??d?asµ?? (p.?.se ???µa?a 1-5 s?????a t? ?,
  µ????? ?, ? ? ?, µ????? ?, s?????a ?)

?p?e ?a??? ?sp??
30
40
50
96
Full profile method

• ?a?t?????a ?a? t?? t?e?? µetaß??t?? se se????a,
  s?????s? t?? d?? (ap?? ep????? ? s?????t??? se
  ???µa?a 1-5)
• ?a??te??, ??at? ?? ?????p?? s???p????????? t??
  pa?aµ?t????. ???pe? ta se????a ?a p????pt??? ap?
  pe??aµat????? s?ed?asµ???

97
Focus groups

• ??at?p?ste t?? e??t?se?? µe s?µßat??? t??p?
• ?p??? ?a? s??t?µe?
• ??? a?????, ??? te?????? ????
• ??? ep?t??pete se ??p???? a? ????a??e? st?
  s???t?s?
• ???? p??pe? ?a s?µµet?????
• ??at?ste t?? ap??e?? sa? ??a t?? ea?t? sa?
• ?????te ta µ??a??µata p???
• ??p???? ????? p??pe? ?a pe??????e? ta p?a?t???

98
Focus Groups

• ????ste µe e????e? e??t?se??
• ?p? ta ?e???? st? e?d???
• Saf? se??? ap? t? e?sa???? µ???? t? t????

99
S?ed??ste

• ??e??a ???at???? ???aµ????
• ?ata??af? t?? p??????sµ??
• ?S?? www.statistics.gr
• ???e? ??e??e? (p.?. ??? GS??, VPRC, METRON)

100
?e???? st???e?a de??µat?????a?

• ?e??µat???pt???? µ???d?? µe ???s? ?e???a?
  p??a??t?t?? (ap?fas??e? ? t???)
• ?e??µat???pt???? µ???d?? ????? t?? ???s? t??
  ?e???a? p??a??t?t?? (ap?fas????µe eµe??)

101
?????sµ??-?e??µa

• ? µe??t? t?? p????sµ?? ???eta? µe ap???af?? ? µe
  de??µat???pt???? ??e??e?
• ?? de??µa p??pe? ?a e??a? a?t?p??s?pe?t??? t??
  p????sµ?? se s??s? µe ta ?a?a?t???st??? p?? µa?
  e?d?af?????

102
?????sµ??-?e??µa

• ? t??a??t?ta s?µa??e? ?t? t? de??µa t? ep????e? ?
  t??? ??a µa?
• ? ep????? ap? eµ?? d?µ?????e? p??ß??µa µe??????a?

103
?p?? t??a?a de??µat?????a

• ???e ?p??e?µe?? st?? p????sµ? ??e? t?? ?d?a
  p??a??t?ta ?a ep??e?e? st? de??µa

104
St??µat?p???µ??? t??a?a de??µat?????a

• ???????µe t?? p????sµ? se ?p?s????a (st??µata)
  ?a? ep??????µe ??a t??a?? de??µa ap? ???e
  ?p?s?????.

105
S?st?µat??? t??a?a de??µat?????a

• ?p??????µe t? µ??e??? t?? de??µat?? ?a? µet? t?
  ß?µa µe ß?s? t? ?p??? ep??????µe.
• ???s???! ?e? p??pe? ?a ???s?µ?p????µe s?st?µat???
  de??µat?????a se s??d?asµ? µe f?s?????
  pe?????sµ??? p?? ????? s?µas?a. ?.? ???e 12 µ??e?
  e??a? p??ta ? ?d??? µ??a?, µe a????? ???µµa ta O
  e??a? ????te?a

106
???a?a de??µat?????a se st??ß?de?

• St??ß?da e??a? µ?a f?s??? ???sµ??? µ???da
  (s???e??, pa?ep?st?µ??, ??s???µe??, p???, ??µ??).
  ?p??????µe t??a?a t?? st??ß?de? ?a? t?p??et??µe
  st? de??µa ??a ta ?p??e?µe?a (? ??a de??µa ap?
  ???e st??ß?da) t?? st??ß?d?? p?? ep???????a?.

107
Cluster and stratified sampling

• Stratified ?? ?p??????? t?? ? ?µad?p?????ta? µe
  ???t???? t? tµ?µa t??? ?a? 10 ap? ???e tµ?µa
  ep??????ta? t??a?a
• Cluster ?p? t?? a??s?da 10 ?p??atast?µ?t?? t?? ?
  ep??????ta? p??te ?a? ???? ?? ?p??????? µet?????
  st? de??µa

108
????stad?a?? de??µat?????a

• ?p??????ta? st??ß?de? ?a? se ???e µ?a ??a t??a??
  de??µa. ??t? µp??e? ?a ???e? se ?p???d?p?te
  st?d??. ?e? µp??e?? e????a ?a ?ata????e?? ?????
  t??? ?????e? p?? ta??de???? st?? ????p? a???
  µp??e?? ?a ß?e?? ta ta??d??t??? ??afe?a!
• ?e??ss?te?e? st??ß?de? s?µa??e? µ????te?? de??µa
  se ???e µ?a!

109
?e??µat?????a e?????a?

• ?t?µa p?? e??a? d?a??s?µa. ?s?? ep??????ta? µ????
  t??? ? s?µf????? ?a s?µµet????? µp??e? ?a µ??
  e??a? a?t?p??s?pe?t??? de??µa t?? ?e?????
  p????sµ??.
• Ge???e?s?µ? st?? p????sµ? µe ta ?d?a
  ?a?a?t???st???!

110
?????st?ß?da

• ?t?µa p?? a?????? se µ?a ?µ?da s?st????? ???a
  ?t?µa p?? a?????? se a?t?. ?ta? de? µp??e? ?a
  ?ata??afe? ? p????sµ??.
• ?e? a?t?st???e? µ??? se pa????µ??? ?
  p??ß??µat?????. ?.?. st?????µe ??a e??t?µat??????
  se 50 ap?f??t??? ?a??µat???? ?a? t??? ??t??µe ?a
  ?p?de????? ? ?a???a? p??te ?????? p?? ?a ?ta?
  d?ate?e?µ???? ?a s?µµet?????.

111
??a??????

• ???????µe t?? p????sµ? se ?p?s????a ?p????????µe
  t?? a?a????e? st?? p????sµ? ?a? d?at????µe t??
  a?a????e? st? de??µa.
• (??af??e? ap? ta st??µata ??at? sta st??µata de?
  d?at????µe t?? a?a????e?)

112
Focus groups

• 6 µe 10 ?t?µa µe e?d??? ?a?a?t???st??? p??
  a?t?p??s?pe???? µ?a ?µ?da t?? p????sµ??

113
Sf??µata

• Standard error t?? µ?s?? ???s??te t? µ???d?
  de??µat?????a?!
• ???e??? de??µat?? S?µas?a ??e? ? p???t?ta ?a?
  ??? t? µ??e???!
• ??af??? st?? de??µat???pt???? e??t?te? ?a? sta
  ?p??e?µe?a a????s??
• Response rate
• ?a ???? p?? ?fe????ta? st? s?ed?asµ? t?? ??e??a?
  e??a? p??? µe?a??te?a ap? ta ???? p?? ?fe????ta?
  st? de??µat?????a

114
????d?? ???p???s??

• ?a??d??µ???
• Internet
• ???ef?????
• ?µ?de?
• ???s?p? µe p??s?p?