Medical Terminology

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Medical Terminologyof

• Gastrointestinal

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Definition

• gastrointestinal (GI) system, consists of a
  digestive tube called the GI tract or alimentary
  canal, and several accessory organs whose primary
  function is to break down food, prepare it for
  absorption, and eliminate waste.

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Areas of the abdomen

• Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
• Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
• Left upper qudrant (LUQ)
• Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

RUQ LUQ RLQ
LLQ
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Medical term Organ Meaning Example
Stomat/o ,or/o Mouth ???? stomatitis
Dent/o, Odont/o, Dent/i Teeth ????? Dentist Orthodontist
Gloss/o, Lingu/o, Tongue ???? glossectomy
Cheil/o, labi/o Lips ?? cheiloplasty labial
Gingiv/o, Ul/o Gums ??? gingivectomy
Palat/o, Uran/o palate ??? ???? palatognathus
Esophag/o Esophagus ??? esophgectasia
Gastr/o Stomach ???? gastralgia
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Medical term Organ Meaning Example
Enter/o Small intestine ???? ???? enterclosis
Duoden/o Duodenum ???????? ??????? Duodenum
Jejun/o Jejunum ????? Jejunum
ile/o ileum ?????? Ileum
Col/o ,Colon/o Large intestine(intestinum crassum,colon) ???? ???? colalgia
Sigmoid/o Sigmoid colon ????? ???????? sigmoiditis
Cec/o,typh/o Cecum(caecum) ???? ??? cecal
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medical term Organ Meaning Example
Rect/o Rectum ???? ???? rectocele
An/o Anus ???? perianal
Proct/o Anus and rectum ???? ???? proctologist
Hepat/o, Hepatic/o Liver ??? Hepatocolic hepatomegaly
Cholecyst/o Gallbladder ???? ???? cholecystectasia
Pancreat/o Pancreas ??????? pancreatectomy
Or/o Oral cavity ???? ???? oral
Abdomin/o,lapar/o. celi/o abdomen ??? Abdominoplasty Laparoscopy celioma

• Accessory organs
• Cavities

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Prefixes suffixes
Medical term Definition Meaning Example
-emesis vomit ??????? ???? hyperemesis
-iasis abnormal condition ???? ?????? cholelithiasis
-megaly enlargement ????? hepatomegaly
-orexia appetite ????? anorexia
-pepsia digestion ??? ? ????? dyspepsia
-phagia swallowing, eating ?????? aerophagia
-prandial meal ???? ????? postprandial
-rrhea discharge, flow ???? ?????? steatorrhea
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Prefixes suffixes
Medical term Definition Meaning Example
dia- through, across ?? ???? diarrhea
peri- around ????? perisigmoiditis
sub- under, below ??? sublingual
a abscence of/without ???? asymptomatic
en inside/within ????
endo inside/within ???? endoscope
epi upon/above ???? epicutaneous
Megal/o large ???? megalopsia
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Prefixes suffixes
Medical term Definition Meaning Example
para beside ?????????? Paraappendictis
emia (condition of) blood ???? anemia
algia (condition of) pain ??? otalgia
gram picture/chart ?????? radiogram
graph machine that records/traces ?????? ??? radiograph
graphy procedure of recording/tracing ??? ??? electrocardiography
lith Stone ??? lithotripsy
lithiasis abnormal condition of stones ??? ??? ????? Colelithiasis
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Prefixes suffixes
Medical term Definition Meaning Example
logist specialist who studies ????? proctologist
oma tumour/swelling ????? celioma
toxic pertaining to poisoning ???
uria condition of urine ??????
chole bile ???? Colelithiasis
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Stomat/o Mouth

• Stoma mouth
• Stomat/itis Inflammation of the mouth
• Stomat/o/plasty Surgical repair of the mouth

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Stomatitis
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• Stomat/o/scopey
  the process of examining with stomatoscope
• Stomat/o/malaciasoftening of the structures of
  the mouth
• Stomat/o/pathy
• any disease of the mouth

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• Stomatalgiapain in the mouth
• Stomat/o/rrhagiahemorrhage of the mouth
• Stomat/o/mycosiscondition of mouth fungus

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Or/omouth

• Oral pertaining to the mouth
• or/o/pharyngeal pertaining to the lower pharynx

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Gloss/o Tongue

• Gloss/itis Inflammation of the tongue
• Gloss/ectomy Excision of the tongue
• Gloss/algia Pain in the tongue

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• Gloss/al Pertaining to the tongue
• Gloss/o/ptosis Prolapse of the tongue
• Gloss/o/scopy Examination of the tongue

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• Gloss/o/plegia (n.)
• Paralysis of the tongue
• Ankyl/o/glossiatongue-tied,extensive adhesion of
  the tongue to the palate
• Hypoglossalunder the tongue

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• Gloss/o/trichia
• hairy tongue
• Gloss/o/palatinus
• Gloss/o/pharyngeal
• Gloss/o/rrhaphysuture of the tongue

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Lingu/o Tongue

• Lingu/al (adj.) Pertaining to the tongue
• Sub/lingu/al or Hypo/gloss/al Under the tongue

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Cheil/o Lips

• Cheil/itis Inflammation of the lips
• Cheil/o/plasty Plastic surgery of the lips
• Cheil/o/tomy Incision of the lips

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• Cheil/osis Condition or disorder of the lips
• Cheil/o/stomat/o/plasty Plastic surgery of the
  lips and mouth

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Labi/olip

• Labi/o/graphan instrument for recording lip
  motion in speaking
• Labi/o/mentalpertaining to the lip and chain

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Gingiv/o Gums

• Gingiv/al Pertaining to the gums
• Gingiv/itis Inflammation of the gums
• Gingiv/algia Gum pain

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• Gingiv/ectomy Excision of gum tissue
• Gingiv/o/gloss/itis Inflammation of the gums and
  tongue
• Lingu/o/gingiv/al (adj.)of tongue and gums

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Ul/ogum

• Ul/o/rrhagiableeding of the gums
• Ul/o/tomyincision of the gums
• Ul/o/carcinomacarcinoma of the gums

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Dent/o,Odont/o,Dent/iTooth

• Dent/o/facialpertaining to the teeth and face
• Orthodonticsbranch of dentistry concerned with
  correcting tooth irregularities
• Dent/i/fricepaste and powder for cleaning tooth

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Palat/o,uran/opalate

• Uran/o/rrhaphy suture of the palate
• Uran/o/schisis cleft palatea
• Palat/o /plasty plastic reconstruction of the
  palate
• Palat/o/plegia paralysis of the palate

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Gnath/ojaw

• Gnath/o/plastyplastic surgery of jaw
• Gnathitis inflammation of the jaw
• Gnathalgia pain in the jaw

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sial/osaliva,salivary glands

• Sial/o/graphya technique for x-ray examination
  of the salivary glands
• Sial/o/litha stone in a salivary gland or duct
• sial/o/angiitis inflammation of salivary gland
  

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Salivary glands

• Sublingual salivary gland
• Submandibular salivary gland
• Parotid gland

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Esophag/o Esophagus

• Eso- Toward
• Phag/o Swallow
• Esophag/eal (adj.) Pertaining to esophagus
• Esophag/o/sten/osis Narrowing of the esophagus

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Gastr/o Stomach

• Gastr/o/rrhagia Stomach hemorrhage
• Gastr/itis Inflammation of the stomach
• Gastr/ic Pertaining to the stomach
• Gastr/ectasia Dilatation (stretching) of the
  stomach
• -ectasia stretching or dilatation

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• Gastr/o/lavage washing out stomach
• Gastr/o/gavage forced feeding into stomach
• Gastric ulcer ulcer located in the stomach

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• Gastr/o/enter/o/ptosis Prolapse of the stomach
  and small intestine
• Gastr/o/enter/o/logy Specialty that studies
  diseases of the stomach and intestine

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Enter/o Small intestine, Intestine

• Enter/ic Pertaining to intestine
• Enter/itis Inflammation of the intestine
• Dys/enter/y Disorder of the intestine
  characterized by inflammation, pain, and diarrhea

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Enter/o Small intestine, Intestine

• Enter/o/clysis Washing or irrigation of the
  small intestine
• Enter/o/plegia Paralysis of the small intestine
• Enter/ectasia Dilatation of the small intestine
• Enter/o/ptosis Prolapse of the small intestine

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• Gastr/o/enter/ic Pertaining to the stomach and
  small intestine
• Enter/o/rrhagia Hemorrhage of the small
  intestine
• Enter/o/cele Intestinal hernia

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• Enter/o/centesis Surgical puncture of the small
  intestine
• Enter/o/scope Instrument to examine the small
  intestine small
• enteralgiapain in the intestine

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Cec/o, typh/o cecum

• Cec/o/celea hernia containing part of the cecum
• Cec/o/rrhaphysuture of the cecum
• Typhectasisdilation of the cecum

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Col/o Colon (Large intestine)

• Col/ic or colonic Pertaining to the colon
• Col/o/centesis Surgical puncture of the colon
• Col/o/pexy Surgical fixation of the colon
• Col/ostomy Making a new opening into the colon

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• Col/o/tomya surgical incision into the colon
• Col/o/ptosis Prolapse of the colon
• Colon/o/scopyvisual examination of the colon

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• Colitis inflammation of the colon
• Col/o/clyster an enema injected into the colon
  through the rectum
• -clyster the old-fashioned term for an
  enema
• Ulcerative colitischoronic inflammation of the
  colon along with ulceration

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-clysis Washing or Irrigation

• Washing/irrigation of
• Colon
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Rectum
• Anus and Rectum

• Col/o/clysis
• Gastr/o/clysis
• Enter/o/clysis
• Rect/o/clysis
• Proct/o/clysis

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Sigmoid/o Sigmoid colon

• Sigmoid/o/scope An instrument used to examine
  the sigmoid colon
• Sigmoid/o/scopy The procedure of examining the
  sigmoid colon with sigmoidscope.

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Rect/o Rectum

• Rect/al Pertaining to the rectum
• Rect/o/cele Hernia of the rectum
• Rect/o/scope Instrument for examining the rectum

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Rect/o Rectum

• Rect/o/plasty Plastic surgery of the rectum
• Rect/o/rrhaphy Suturing (stitching) of the
  rectum
• Rect/o/urethr/al Pertaining to the rectum and
  urethra
• Rect/o/cyst/o/tomy Incision of the bladder
  through the rectum

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Proct/o Anus and Rectum

• Proct/o/logist One who is specialist in
  diseases of the anus and rectum
• Proct/o/logy The study of diseases of the anus
  and rectum
• Proct/o/plegia Paralysis of the anus and rectum
• Proct/o/scope Instrument used to examine rectum
  and anus

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• Proct/o/scopy Examination of rectum and anus
  with a proctoscope
• Proct/o/rrhaphy Suturing of the rectum and anus
• Proct/o/pexy Surgical fixation of the rectum and
  anus

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Lapar/oAbdomen

• Lapar/o/scope an instrument used to examine the
  abdominal wall
• Laparectomysurgical removal of parts of the
  abdominal wall
• Lapar/o/tomy incision through any part of the
  abdominal wall

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Peritone/operitoneum

• Peritonitisinflamation of the peritoneum
• Peritone/o/tomyincision into the peritoneum
• Peritone/o/scopyvisual examination of the organs
  of the abdominal cavity with endoscope
• Ascitesaccumulation of fluid in the peritoneal
  cavity

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Copr/o,sterc/o,scat/ofeces

• Copr/o/litha mass of hard faeces
• Copr/o/phobiaabnormal fear of feces
• Sterc/o/lith!!!
• Sterc/o/romaa tumor-like mass of fecal matter in
  the rectum
• Scat/o/scopyexamination of the feces

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Pathology of GI system

• Anorexia lack of appetite
• Aphagia inability to swallow
• Dysphagia difficulty in swallowing
• phag/oeat or swallow

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Pathology of GI system

• Jaundice / Icterus yellow discoloration of the
  skin, sclera,and other tissues caused by
  excessive bilirubin in the blood
• Ascites Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
  abdomen can be a symptom of neoplasm or
  inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous
  hypertension caused by liver disease and heart
  failure

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Pathology of GI system

• Melena Black, tarry stools feces containing
  digested blood. This symptom usually reflects a
  condition in which blood has had time to be
  digested and results from bleeding in the upper
  GI tract
• Ileus  Failure of peristalsis with resulting
  obstruction of the intestines mechanical or
  paralytic
• Intussusception Telescoping of intestines one
  segment of bowel collapses into the opening of
  another segment intestinal obstruction with pain
  and vomiting can occur

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Pathology of GI system

• Dyspepsiaindigestion
• Hemat/o/cheziared blood in stool
• Hematemesis vomiting blood
• -emesisvomiting
• Stet/o/rrheafeces containing fat

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Pathology of GI system

• Constipation Difficulty in passing stools
• DiarrheaFrequent passage of loose, watery stools
• Nauseafeeling of sick in stomach

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Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa Liver

• Hepar Liver
• Hepat/ic Pertaining to the liver
• Hepat/o/megaly Enlargement of the liver
• Hepat/o/scopy Inspection of the liver

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Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa Liver

• Hepat/o/rrhagia Hemorrhage of the liver
• Hepat/o/rrhaphy Suture of a wound of the liver
• Hepat/o/cele Hernia of the liver

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• Hepat/o/lith Stone in the liver
• Hepatalgia Pain in the liver
• Hepat/o/ma The tumor of the liver

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Pancreat/o Pancreas

• Pancreat/ic Pertaining to the pancreas
• Pancreat/o/lysis Destruction of pancreatic
  tissue
• Pancreat/o/lith a stone or calculus in the
  pancreas
• Pancreat/o/pathy Any pancreatic disease

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• Pancreat/ectomy Excision of part or all of the
  pancreas
• Pancreat/o/tomy Incision into the pancreas
• Pancreat/itis Inflammation of the pancreas

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Chol/e/cyst Gallbladder

• Chol/e/cyst/o/gram (or chol/e/cyst/o/graph) an
  x-ray of the gallbladder (or x-ray machine)
• Chol/e/cyst/itis Inflammation of the gallbladder
• Chol/e/cyst/ectomy Surgical
• removal of the gallbladder

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Cholangi/o,Choledoch/o
BileDuct

• ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangi/o/pancreat/o
  /graphy
• Radiographic examination of common bile duct and
  pancreatic duct by injecting contrast media.
• Cholang/itis Inflammation of the bile duct
• Cholangi/o/ma Tumor of the bile duct

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A/tresia

• A/tresia Not perforated or not open. Closed
  ducts or tubes.
• Biliary a/tresia Bile ducts are not open
• Intestinal a/tresia A part of the intestine is
  closed
• Esophageal a/tresia Closed esophagus

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Cirrh/osis

• Kirrhos Orange-yellow
• Cirrh/osis dysfunctional liver disease, occurs
  as a result of malnutrition, alcoholism,
  poisoning, or a history of hepatitis

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Splen/o Spleen

• Splen/ectomy Excision of the spleen
• Splen/o/megaly Enlargement of the spleen
• Splen/o/ptosis Prolapse of the spleen
• Splen/o/pexy Surgical fixation of the spleen
• Splen/o/pathy Any disease of the spleen

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• Splen/o/rrhaphy Suture of the spleen
• Splen/o/rrhagia hemorrhage from the spleen
• Splen/algia Pain in the spleen
• Splen/ic Pertaining to the spleen

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Abbreviation

• Bowel movement
• By mouth (per os)
• Nothing by mouth(nothing per os)
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Hepatitis A Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis C Virus

• BM
• PO
• NPO
• EGD
• ERCP
• GERD
• HAV
• HBV
• HCV

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Abbreviation

• Helicobacter pylori
• Gastrointestinal
• Gall bladder
• Nasogastric
• Hydrochloric acid
• Barium enema

• HP
• GI
• GB
• NG
• HCL
• BE

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Abbreviation
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and
ulcerative colitis) IBS Irritable bowel
syndrome LFT Liver function tests (ALT, AST,
bilirubin) NPO Nothing by mouth, (nil per
os) TPN Total parenteral nutrition (intravenous
solutions are given to maintain nutrition).  
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Written by

• Milad Ahmadzadeh
• Pouya Azizi
• Refrence www.quizlet.com