Research Methods: 2 M.Sc. Physiotherapy/Podiatry/Pain

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Research Methods 2M.Sc. Physiotherapy/Podiatry/P
ain

• Graphs and Tables

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Presenting Results

• 51.2439 39.0637 37.4165 19.7937
• 51.6172 34.2558 50.3016 33.0351
• 59.7810 36.3301 31.0150 15.9040
• 30.2500 21.3261 29.3365 32.0011
• 31.4743 38.2701 25.7769 20.2532

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Making Results Accessible

• Tables
• Diagrams
• Summary Statistics

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Qualitative Data
Tabular Multi-way Table
Diagrammatic Pie Chart, Bar Chart.
Summary Statistics Mode
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Quantitative Data
Tabular Grouped or Ungrouped Frequency tables
Diagrammatic Histograms
Summary Statistics Mean, Mode, Median, range, standard deviation, quartiles.
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Tables Must always have

• Clear and logical title
• Sequential numbering
• Clear headings
• Main headings for columns, subdivisions as rows
• Frame
• Units of measurement
• Columns for comparison adjacent
• Footnotes for lengthy or detailed explanatory
  material

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Graphs Must always have

• Clear, brief logical title
• Sequential numbering
• Axis labels
• Scales and Origins
• Reference to source of data
• Understandable without referring to text

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Tables One way
Gender Number
Male 25
Female 14
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Tables Two way
Classification Gender Gender Total
Classification Male Female Total
Non 5 6 11
Ex 12 14 26
Smoker 3 5 8
Total 20 25 45
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Pie Charts
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Bar Charts

• Four basic types
• Simple
• Stacked
• Percentage
• Multiple

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Simple Totals, changes and comparisons
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Stacked Totals and component parts
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Percentage Relative size of components totals
not important
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Multiple Actual values of components
overall total less important
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Others graphs

• Histograms
• Frequency Polygons
• Scatter Plots
• Stem and Leaf
• Box and Whisker