HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS

1
HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS

• Out of the gland and into the blood to target
  cell we go

2
HYPOTHALAMUS

• ATTACHED TO PITUITARY
• CONTROLS SECRETIONS OF PITUITARY
• INTERACTS WITH NERVOUS SYSTEM
• THIS ENSURES BOTH SYSTEMS CAN WORK TOGETHER TO
  COORDINATE BODY ACTIVITES!
• THEREFORE, CONTROL CENTER OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM!

3
PITUITARY GLAND

• FOUND AT BASE OF SKULL
• SECRETES 9 HORMONES!!!!!!
• REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS
• EX HGH (HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE)
• TOO MUCH GIANTISM
• TOO LITTLE DWARFISM
• REGULATE OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

4
THYROID AND PARATHYROID

• FOUND IN THROAT
• THYROID
• REGULATES BODYS CELL METABOLISM
• HORMONE THYROXINE
• PARATHYROID
• REGULATES BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS
• HORMONE PTH

5
ADRENAL GLAND

• FOUND ON KIDNEYS
• HELP PREPARE AND DEAL WITH STRESS
• FIGHT OR FLIGHT
• HORMONE ADRENALINE
• INCREASE HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE
• INCREASES OXYGEN INTAKE (LARGER AIRWAYS)
• INCREASES GLUCOSE LEVEL

6
PANCREAS

• LOCATED NEXT TO STOMACH
• ISLETS OF LANGERHANS HORMONE PRODUCING AREA OF
  PANCREAS
• HORMONES RELEASED (COMPLEMENTARY)
• INSULIN REMOVES SUGAR FROM BLOOD
• GLUCAGON STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN
  TO PUT GLUCOSE BACK IN BLOOD

7
Diagram of Glucose Feedback
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GONADS

• PRODUCE SEX CELLS (GAMETES) AND SECRETE SEX
  HORMONES
• TESTES MALE
• PRODUCE SPERM
• SECRETE TESTOSTERONE
• OVARIES FEMALE
• PRODUCE EGGS (OVA)
• SECRETE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

9
Figure 392 The Endocrine Glands
Section 39-1
Pineal gland The pineal gland releases melatonin,
which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as
daily sleep-wake cycles.
Hypothalamus The hypothalamus makes hormones that
control the pituitary gland. In addition, it
makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary
gland.
Thyroid The thyroid produces thyroxine, which
regulates metabolism.
Pituitary gland The pituitary gland produces
hormones that regulate many of the other
endocrine glands.
Pancreas The pancreas produces insulin and
glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in
the blood.
Parathyroid glands These four glands release
parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of
calcium in the blood.
Ovary The ovaries produce estrogen and
progesterone. Estrogen is required for the
development of secondary sex characteristics and
for the development of eggs. Progesterone
prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Thymus During childhood, the thymus releases
thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development.
Testis The testes produce testosterone, which is
responsible for sperm production and the
development of male secondary sex characteristics
Adrenal glands The adrenal glands release
epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which help the
body deal with stress.