Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

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Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

• Unit 13

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Prepositions

• A preposition is a word that relates a noun or a
  pronoun to some word in a sentence.
• The paint on the canvas will dry slowly.
• He ran down the stairs.
• The dog hid under the bed.

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Prepositions

• A prepositional phrase is a group of words that
  begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or
  pronoun, which is called the object of the
  phrase.
• The dog hid under the bed.
• Sit beside me.
• The runners sprinted across the finish line.

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Prepositional Phrases

• The noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional
  phrase is called the OBJECT.
• He was born in a small town.
• The cat ran toward the litter box.
• The bridge is over a river.

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Prepositional Phrases

• The object of the phrase should be an object
  pronoun and NOT a subject pronoun. You would not
  use he, she, we, or I.
• Hand the box to ( me, I).
• She ran towards (he, him).
• I cant sit beside (she, her).

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Prepositional Phrases

• Sometimes an object will be compound. Remember to
  use an object pronoun.
• Give it to Gary and (I, me.)
• I lent a book to Nick and (she, her).

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Prepositions

• Sometimes prepositions can be made up of two or
  more words. These are called compound
  prepositions.
• according to aside from in front of instead of
• across from because of in place of on top of
• on account of along with far from in spite of

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Prepositional Phrases

• If you are unsure about whether to use a subject
  pronoun or an object pronoun, try saying the
  sentence aloud with only the pronoun following
  the preposition.
• The subject pronoun who is NEVER the object of a
  prepositional phrase.
• ONLY use whom as the object.

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Jobs of Prepositional Phrases

• A prepositional phrase can function as an
  ADJECTIVE by describing a noun or pronoun.
• The phrase will almost always come directly after
  the noun or pronoun that it is describing.
• The fabrics from the Orient are beautiful.
• (from the Orient describes fabrics)
• The man in the blue suit is staring at us.
• (in the blue suit describes man)

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Jobs of Prepositional Phrases

• A prepositional phrase can also function as an
  ADVERB when it modifies or describes a verb, an
  adjective, or another adverb.
• An ADVERB phrase tells when, where, or how an
  action takes place.
• It usually will go to the verb.

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Adverb Prepositional Phrases

• The women are weaving on looms.
• (on looms goes to weaving)
• That fabric looks great on you.
• (on you goes to great)
• They work in shops.
• (in shops goes to work)

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Are these adjective or adverb phrases?

• Weavers around the world practice an ancient
  craft.
• Early weavers worked with long grass strands.
• Paintings from ancient Egypt show that weaving
  was developed early.
• Tapestries with complex patterns hang in museums.
• These tapestries often illustrate stories about
  great people.
• Many tapestries depict stories from the Bible.
• Several tapestries hang in French museums.

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Conjunctions

• There are 2 types of conjunctions-words that
  join.
• 1. Coordinating - and, but, or, so, yet, for
  and nor.
• 2. Correlative (pairs) - both/and
• either/or
• neither/nor
• not only/ but also

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The s rule AGAIN!!!

• Remember when using conjunctions
• Singular subjects have verbs that end in-s
• Plural subjects do NOT have verbs that end in -s

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• A conjunctive adverb may be used to join the
  simple sentences in a compound sentence.
• Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a
  little flair to your speaking and writing.
• Many Asians use chopsticks, but some use forks.
• Many Asians use chopsticks however, some use
  forks.

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• Conjunctive Adverbs replace conjunctions to add a
  little flair to your speaking and writing.
• To replace AND --- also, besides, furthermore,
  moreover
• To replace BUT --- however, nevertheless, still
• To state a result consequently, therefore, so,
  thus
• To state equality equally, likewise, similarly

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• Look closely as to how these adverbs are
  punctuated in a sentence.
• Chinese cooks often stir-fry their food
  therefore, they must cut it into small pieces.
• When 2 simple sentences are joined with a CA, a
  semicolon always appears before the second
  sentence.

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• When the CA comes at the beginning or end of a
  sentence, it is set of by a comma.
• Stir frying should be done quickly the wok must
  be very hot, therefore.

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Conjunctive Adverbs

• When the CA appears in the middle, one comma
  precedes it and one comma follows it.
• Vegetables cook more quickly than meat they
  must, therefore, be added to the wok last.

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Interjections

• An interjection is a word or group of words that
  expresses a strong feeling.
• It has no other connection to any other words in
  the sentence.
• Aha! Oops well Awesome
• Oh my! Oh my goodness, ouch, ha, wow, gee
  whiz, hooray, whoops, what
• Good grief Holy Moley Gosh

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Interjection

• Interjections that express STRONG emotion are
  followed by a !
• Overusing interjections will spoil their
  effectiveness.
• Wow! The Saints just won the Superbowl.