Title: L
1Léon van Berlo / Jos van Leeuwen
- The Neighbourhood Wizard
- Cause and effect of changes in urban
neighbourhoods
2Agenda
- Introduction
- Objective
- Approach
- (Experiencing) Liveability
- Data Collection
- Knowledge representation
- Prototype
- Evaluation and testing
- Conclusions and future work
- Coffee break
3Introduction
- Quality of the neighbourhood (physical and
social) ? Increasingly important - Local initiatives for neighbourhood improvement
- Municipalities support these initiatives ?
Citizen participation - Issues
- Inhabitants focus on their own problems (not the
ones from their neighbours) - Inhabitants dont see the complex dependencies of
a decision - Inhabitants give concrete proposals for change in
stead of their desire
4Objective
- Making citizens realise what the consequences are
of their ideas for changes - By developing a tool that allows citizens to
- propose changes to their neighbourhood
- assess the quality of these changes
5Approach
- Find a set of indicators for experience of
liveability of the neighbourhood - Find a set of characteristics that affect the
liveability - Determine a BBN that represents the knowledge
- Build a prototype
- Narrowing its scope to the plaza type of habitat
- Testing the prototype in the Dutch city of
s-Hertogenbosch
6Experiencing liveabilityLeidelmeijer and
Marsman 1999
7Example experience by an individual
Appreciation Importance
Satisfaction
Liveability
Characteristics
8Example experience by an individual
9Example experience by an individual
10Experience by another individual
11Grouping individuals and their needs
- Wishprofiles
- Teenagers
- Yuppies
- Families
- Elderly
- Handicapped (elderly)
- Aspects
- Space
- Liveliness
- Security
- Quality
- Status
- Traffic
12Data Collection
- Questionnaire of liveability regarding the city
of s-Hertogenbosch - Experiences of characteristics such as
- public furnishing
- available facilities
- public accessibility
- status
- appearance
- ambiance
- etc.
- For plazas, over 40 characteristics were
included. - Scale of seven possible values
- Ranging from deficient, through moderate and
neutral, to ample and excessive.
13Data Collection
Example Form and function Incoherent Suitable s
urprising conflicting
14Knowledge Representation
- Bayesian Network
- Can deal with uncertainty and interdependent
variables - Determining the structure of a BN
- 1) Knowledge expert who constructs a network
- 2) Examining data from the particular domain
- In this project 2 is used to come to a base
network which was refined by 1.
15Structural Learning
- Hugin (www.hugin.com) was used with
- PC algorithm (Peter Clark)
- NPC algorithm (Necessary Path Condition)
- Constraint-based learning algorithms
- Derive conditional independence and dependence
statements by performing statistical tests on
pairs of variables in the data set
16BN Structure (1)
17Structural Learning
- PC and NPC ? same results
- Significance level 0.05 0.03 0.01
- Difference in real relationships and
relationships in the data - Defining relations that are not in the data no
use
18BN Structure (2)
19Prototype
- User-interaction focused on a task assigned to
the user - Users can experience this like a game
- Representing the effects of changes
- Representing the desired states of the aspects
for different sections of the population - Availability of the system on Internet
- Easy to use interface and obvious navigation
20Changing elements
- Three ways
- 1) Drawing
- 2) Picking from a list
- 3) Cheating
21Changing elements 1 (drawing)
22Changing elements 2 (picking from a list)
23Changing elements 3 (cheating)
24Presentation of Predicted Effects
- Three levels
- 1) Simple ? does not give desired effect
- 2) Normal
- 3) Expert
25Presentation of Predicted Effects 2 (normal)
26Presentation of Predicted Effects 2 (normal)
27Presentation of Predicted Effects 3 (expert)
28Presentation of Predicted Effects 3 (expert)
29Evaluation
- www.WijkWizard.nl (dutch)
- Tested and evaluated by inhabitants of the city
of s-Hertogenbosch. - Online evaluation form.
- Thanks to the Neighbourhood Wizard, I now see
that certain ideas are positive for me, but
negative for other members of our community
7.4 - The Neighbourhood Wizard shows me that changes
can have positive effects on one aspect, but
negative effects on other aspects 7.0 - Confirmed the educational function of the
prototype!
30Conclusions ()
- The Neighbourhood Wizard helps users to see that
certain ideas are positive for them, but negative
for other sections of the population - The Neighbourhood Wizard shows users that changes
can have positive effects on one aspect, but
negative effects on other aspects - The Neighbourhood Wizard helps users to realize
the complexity of a design task and as a result
users will have a better informed view on plan
proposals and probably a higher appreciation of
plans.
31Conclusions (-)
- Design of the user interface
- Navigation structure (too many clicks)
- Abstract terms
- Inclusion of more concrete elements (number of
parking lots) can help take away long-living
irritations that inhabitants may have - The data collection is restricted to physical
characteristics
32Future work
- Investigate the relations between characteristics
in depth - (developing a technique that) Includes
explanations of the effects - In some cases the predictions are not so obvious
and require further explanation - For example The creation of a quiet plaza has
negative effects on the safety of the plaza. This
is not a logical, though correct, prediction
because the quietness of a plaza will attract
criminal behaviour
33Thank you
- Questions or coffee break?
Leon.vanBerlo_at_tno.nl / WijkWizard.nl
j.p.v.leeuwen_at_tue.nl / www.ddss.nl