Aquaculture in Vietnam: Challenges

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Aquaculture in Vietnam Challenges Future
Options

• Nguyen Cong Dan, Pham Anh Tuan
• Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, VN

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Agenda

• Introduction to aquaculture fisheries
• The vision for development of the sectors
• Challenges needed to be solved
• Activities to solve challenges
• The future of the sector

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1. Introduction to Aquaculture Fisheries in
Vietnam
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1. Introduction to Aquaculture Fisheries in
Vietnam

• One of the most dynamic and fastest growing
  sectors of the Vietnamese economy
• From 1990 to 2004 total production from capture
  fisheries and aquaculture has increased
  approximately 2.9 times to 3.1 million tonnes
• Fisheries export value has increased nearly 12
  times to US 2.4 billion in 2004

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1. Introduction to Aquaculture Fisheries in
Vietnam

• Supplies around 40 of animal protein in
  Vietnamese food
• Creates approximately 4 million jobs and support
  livelihoods for many more
• Contributes to approximately 4 GDP

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1. Introduction to Fisheries in Vietnam

• Fishery landings has increase from 0.7 billion
  MT in 1990 to 1.7 million MT in 2004
• Estimated sustainable yield 1.4 - 1.5 million MT
• gt2030 species of fish, 130 of commercial
  importance
• 1600 species of crustacean
• 2500 species of shellfish
• Seaweeds and seabirds

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1. Introduction to Aquaculture in Vietnam

• Aquaculture production has increased from 0.4
  million MT in 1990 to 1.4 million MT in 2004
• Main freshwater species cultured are
• Carps
• Catfish
• Tilapia
• Gouramy
• Silver barb

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1. Introduction to Aquaculture in Vietnam

• Main brackish marine species cultured are
• Black tiger shrimp
• Black kingfish
• Mud Swimming crabs
• Grouper
• Green mussel
• Abalone
• Lobster
• Seaweed

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1. Introduction to Aquaculture in Vietnam

• Potential area for aquaculture
• Freshwater
• Ponds and small lakes 120,000 ha
• Medium and larger Reservoirs 340,000 ha
• Rice-fields 580,000 ha
• Marine Brackish Water
• Tidal areas 600,000 ha
• Lagoons suitable for aquaculture 300-400,000 ha

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2. The future vision for Aquaculture Fisheries
in Vietnam

• Fisheries
• Marine resources play an important role in the
  economic and social development of Vietnam of
  current and future generations and are exploited
  in a sustainable and efficient way.

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2. The future vision for Aquaculture Fisheries
in Vietnam

• Aquaculture
• The aquaculture sector play an important role
  in the economic and social development of Vietnam
  of current and future generations and must
  develop in a sustainable and efficient way.

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2. The future vision for Aquaculture Fisheries
in Vietnam

• Aquaculture to eradicate poverty
• SAPA strategy Sustainable aquaculture
  development for poverty alleviation
• to improve livelihoods for poor people and for
  those who has unstable lives by reducing
  aquaculture risks.

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3. Challenges needed to be solved

1. Lack of planning leading to unsustainable
   development
2. Poor seed quality and insufficient quantity
3. Poor aquaculture infrastructure
4. Inefficient extension service
5. Polluting production technologies

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3. Challenges needed to be solved

1. High disease prevalence (especially brackish
   water)
2. Lack of environmental and disease monitoring
   system
3. Low species diversification
4. Lack of administrative and management capacity

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4. Activities to Solve Challenges

• Ministry of Fisheries has several ongoing
  activities to deal with the challenges.
• Two of these are
• SUFA project Support to Freshwater Aquaculture
• SUMA project Support to Brackish Water and
  Marine Aquaculture

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4.1 Lack of Planning

• Ministry of Fisheries are developing Aquaculture
  planning guidelines for provincial and district
  level
• Detailed project planning and implementation
• Training of national and provincial planning staff

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4.1 Example of land-use map for Nam Can district,
Ca Mau province
Extensive shrimp/ mangrove
Semi-intensive shrimp
Mangrove forest
Land-use alternatives
Land-use map for 2010
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4.2 Poor Seed Quality Insufficient Quantity

• Establishment of selective breeding programmes
• Development of Better Management Practices
  (BMP) in hatcheries
• Seed quality evaluation and monitoring system
• Training of public and private hatchery
  management staff

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4.3 Poor Aquaculture Infrastructure

• Establishment of 6 National Broodstock Centers
• Establishment of provincial hatcheries
• Establish demonstration areas with common in- and
  outlet water canals for semi-intensive
  aquaculture production

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4.3 Example of a Fish Seed Center
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4.3 Example of Tilapia Seed Production Facility

• Mono-sex tilapia seed production using 17?-MT

Incubation system
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4.3 Improved infrastructure for a Semi-intensive
shrimp culture area in Quynh Loc commune, Nghe An
province
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4.4 Inefficient Aquaculture Extension

• Support provincial aquaculture extension centres
• Establish Aquaculture Farmer Field Schools
• Training of trainers in Good Aquaculture
  Practices (GAP)

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4.4 Aquaculture Farmer Field School
Stress testing tiger shrimp seed to evaluate
quality
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4.5 Polluting Production Technologies
Shrimp waste accumulated in outlet canal causing
poor water quality
Intensive shrimp pond. Note the holes in the
pond made by tilapia stocked after shrimp harvest
to clean the pond
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4.6 High Disease Prevalence

• Study on parasite, bacteria diseases in fish
  cultured in pond/cage
• Studies on reducing viral diseases e.g. white
  spot disease in shrimp culture

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4.7 Lack of environmental and disease monitoring
dissemination system

• Establish 3 Environmental Disease Monitoring
  Centers
• Essential for detection of emergencies
• Early warning and response
• Prevention of disease
• Reduce risk of production failure

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4.7 Environmental disease monitoring
dissemination system
Information flow abnormal information
NAFIQAVED, RI HQ and others
DOFI
RI Stationlaboratory
Regional NAFIQAVED
DOFI districtlaboratories
Extension or AAH worker
Farmer orHatchery
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4.8 Low Species Diversification

• Promote diversified production systems
• R D to improve quality of seed
• R D to develop more efficient low risk
  production systems
• R D to develop suitable feed for aquaculture
  species

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4.8 Low Species Diversification
Pig cum Fish-Rice culture
Lobster Mussel culture
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Floating system of net cages in river
4.8 Net cage culture in river and reservoir
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4.9 Lack of administrative and management capacity

• Development of
• The New Fishery Law
• Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines
• Aquaculture Planning Guidelines
• Co-management Guidelines

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4.9 Lack of administrative and management capacity

• Human Resource development plan
• Education and additional training
• CP 43 Organizational restructuring of the
  Ministry of Fisheries related institutions

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The Future

• By 2010 the Goal is to Increase Aquaculture
  Production from the current 1.4 million MT to 2
  million MT
• Demand increased protein for feed affect
  fishery
• Demand increased areas for development
  and/increased productivity
• Increase impact on environment unless
  environmental friendly production is promoted
  affect fisheries
• Jobs within the aquaculture sector is likely to
  increase with part of recruitment from the
  fishery sector