Fungi

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Fungi

• Shannon, Celina Katelyn

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Types of Fungi

• Mushrooms
• Rusts
• Smuts
• Puffballs
• Truffles
• Morals
• Molds
• Yeasts
• Other unknown organisms

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Different Types of Fungi
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Fungi in General

• Composed of heterotrophic unicellular and
  multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms.
• They have a complex cell structure.
• They absorb nutrients instead of ingesting them.
• Most species are terrestrial.
• There are more than 100 000 different species of
  fungi.

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Anatomy of the Shiitake Mushroom

• Made of filaments called hyphae.
• In large fungi, hyphae interlace to form a tissue
  called mycelium which then form the mushroom. The
  mycelium grows underground or within decaying
  wood.
• Initially the fungus emerges as a button which
  may be covered by a membrane known as the
  universal veil.

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The Shiitake Mushroom
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Anatomy of Yeast

• Yeast is eukaryotic so it has similar inside a
  plant or animal cell, but without the high
  percentage of non-coding DNA.
• They have thick cell walls made of chitin.
• It uses DNA template for protein synthesis and it
  has a larger ribosomes.
• Yeast also has cells made of hyphae.

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Physiology of the Mushroom

• Mushrooms have cells with two nuclei in each.
• These nuclei fuse together as the mushroom grows.
• Mushrooms do not have chloroplast because they
  cannot do photosynthesis.

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Physiology of Yeast

• Yeast has two nuclei in each cell.
• When two different strains of hyphae meet, they
  fuse together and when they divide, produce 4 new
  nuclei one for each new cell.

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Different Types of Yeast
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Locomotion of the Mushroom

• Mushrooms can only move by spreading over acres
  of land by growing.
• Other than that they are completely unable to
  move.
• In order to move to another location, passing
  insects pick up their spores and carry them to
  another spot. There the spores will be planted
  in the ground and the cycle of a mushroom will
  begin.

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Locomotion of Yeast

• Yeast has none of the usual organelles which
  other microscopic organisms use to move.

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Diet and Digestion of the Mushroom

• Mushrooms are decomposers that feed on dead plant
  and animal matter.
• They break down matter by secreting powerful
  enzymes.
• They start growing under the ground, getting
  energy by the nutrients of the soil, and when the
  conditions are right, they sprout above ground.

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Diet and Digestion of Yeast

• Yeast gets its food from glucose.
• They digest food by giving off carbon dioxide and
  alcohol.

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Exertion of the Mushroom

• The threads of the mycelium exert digestive
  juices.
• The mycelium are fine threads in the mushroom
  that take in and release nutrients.
• They also exert wastes by diffusion.

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Exertion of Yeast

• Yeast ferments sugars and gives off CO2 and
  alcohol. When you add yeast to dough (bread) it
  will rise because the CO2 from the yeast gets
  trapped in tiny bubbles in the dough, which in
  the end is what causes the dough to rise.

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Circulation

• The circulation of the yeast and mushroom are the
  same.
• They are single celled so they dont have a
  circulatory system.
• They are small enough to remove wastes and to
  obtain their own oxygen.
• Diffusion is what distributes substances inside
  the cell.

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Respiration of the Mushroom

• Mushrooms undergo cellular respiration.
• After harvested, mushrooms still have a high rate
  of respiration.
• Cooling slows down respiration, so the mushroom
  stays fresh longer.

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Fungi
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Respiration of Yeast

• Yeast go through both aerobic and anaerobic
  respiration. When oxygen is not present it will
  break down the glucose into alcohol and two ATP (
  anaerobic respiration).

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Life Cycle of the Mushroom

• Spores are released into the environment, and
  they land somewhere.
• When the conditions are good, the spores send out
  tiny threads of hyphae.
• The hyphae has to find compatible hyphae, which
  starts to grow into a mushroom.

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Life Cycle of Yeast

• They reproduce both asexually and sexually.
• They undergo a life cycle of mitosis and growth.

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Interesting Facts About the Mushroom

• Basidiomycota Mushrooms
• Some mushrooms boast cancer fighting properties.
• There are over 2 million species of mushrooms.
• A single adult mushroom will drop as many as 16
  billion spores.
• Early Romans referred to them as Food of the
  Gods.
• They have been used in Chinese Medicine for
  years.

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Uses of Fungi
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Interesting Facts About Yeast

• Saccharomyces Cerevisae yeast
• Yeast is woken up when water is mixed with it.
• 10 to 20 yeast cells could fit on the end of a
  piece of hair.
• Yeast was used before writing was invented.
• Yeast can be taken as a vitamin.
• Yeast reproduces so quickly it has evolved into
  something completely different than what we had 1
  thousand years ago.

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Interesting facts about Yeast

• Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Brewers Yeast
• Ascomycota Yeast
• They are one of the most important fungi.
• They are the reason why bread rises and without
  them there would be no possible way to make
  alcohol.
• Yeasts help the circulation of our blood.

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