Fungi

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Fungi
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Characteristics of Fungi

• Eukaryotes
• Most are _____cellular
• Not closely related to other kingdoms of
  organisms
• Fungi were once placed in the _____ kingdom

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Fungi are heterotrophs

• Fungi are not greenwhy?
• Fungi do not have __________ and cannot capture
  energy from sunlight
• Instead, they get energy and organic molecules
  from their surroundings

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Structure

• Fungi are made of cells in long, slender
  filaments Hyphae
• Each hypha is a long string of individual cells
  separated by walls called septa
• Septa have holes in them to let _________ and
  ________ travel between cells

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Structure

• As they grow, hyphae branch and tangle to form a
  mass called a mycelium
• Not all fungi have hyphae or a mycelium Yeasts
• Usually, the only part of the fungus you see are
  its _________________ structures!

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Cell walls of fungi

• Made up of chitin
• Same tough material is also found in exoskeletons
  of ___________ and arthropods

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Fungi digest food outside their bodies

• Some fungi attack living ______ and ________
• Others attack dead organisms
• Hyphae break down organic matter and absorb
  nutrients

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Reproduction

• Fungi reproduce by __________
• Spores produce a new individual fungus
• Spores can be carried by ______ currents or by
  animals
• Moisture causes spores to rapidly grow into a
  hypha

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P.O.D. 4/7/09

• How can fungi be beneficial to people?

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Fungi Lifecycle
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Groups of Fungi
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
Ascomycetes
Zygomycetes
Spores produced in saclike reproductive structures
Spores produced on stalks that grow from a
zygosporangium
Spores form at tips of clublike reproductive
structures
Unusual, rare, or not observed reproduction
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Bread Molds

• Zygomycetes
• Form reproductive structures called zygosporangia
• Spores can remain _________ for months
• Spread by wind/air currents

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Sac Fungi - Ascomycetes

• Yeasts, mildews, morels, truffles
• Spores form in _________
• Without ascomycetes, no bread, pizza, rolls,
  moldy cheeses like Camembert and Roquefort

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Club fungi - Basidiomycetes

• Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs
• Largest group of fungi
• Reproductive structures are _______ shaped

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Fungi Imperfecti - Deuteromycetes

• Common molds
• No known method of sexual reproduction
• Penicillium notatum
• Produces the antibiotic penicillin
• Deuteromycetes can cause skin diseases such as
  athletes foot

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Fungi Plants

• Mycorrhizae
• Symbiotic relationship between fungi and plants
• Fungi gives water and minerals
• Plant gives photosynthetically produced food

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Fungi Algae

• Lichen
• Mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae
  or cyanobacteria
• Fungi absorbs water and minerals from environment
• Algae uses nutrients for photosynthesis and
  provides organic molecules

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Lichens

• Can survive in very harsh conditions
• Susceptible to air pollution
• Acts as an indicator for scientists to track air
  pollution

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Humans Fungi

• Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Penicillin Penicillium notatum
• Cyclosporine made by fungi, helps body accept
  organ transplants (50?90)
• Yeasts are used for genetic engineering, may lead
  to new treatments for AIDS and cancer

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Humans Fungi

• Fungi cause diseases in crops
• Farmers lose billions of dollars per year from
  fungal crop diseases
• Histoplasma capsulatum causes histoplasmosis, a
  serious and sometimes fatal disease in humans