Chapter Three

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Chapter Three

• Cultural and Linguistic Diversity and
  Exceptionality

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Terminology of Cultural Differences

• Culture
• Multiculturalism
• Multicultural education
• Bilingual education
• Describing diversity
• The federal government only recognizes five
  distinct racial groups American Indian or
  Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacific Islander,
  Hispanic, Black, and White.

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Disproportional Representation of Minority
Students in Special Education Programs

• Overrepresentation a situation in which greater
  numbers of students of certain groups are placed
  in special education than you would expect based
  on their numbers in the school population
• Underrespresentation fewer students in a
  particular category than one might expect based
  on their numbers in the school population

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Disproportional Representation of Minority
Students in Special Education Programs
There is typically an overrepresentation of
minority students in special education
programs. There is typically an
underrepresentation of minority students in
gifted and talented programs.
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Factors Contributing to Over- and
Underrepresentation

• Relationship between family socioeconomic status
  (poverty)
• Identification procedures by professionals from
  culturally dominant backgrounds
• Instructional methodologies reflect dominant
  culture teachers
• Dominant culture teachers perceptions of diverse
  students learning needs

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Consequences of Disproportional Representation

• May result in an inferior and less effective
  educational experience
• Increases risk for underachievement and school
  dropout
• May create limited employment opportunities

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Assessment Innovations

• Nondiscriminatory assessments
• Test revisions
• Multiple Intelligences
• Portfolio assessments
• View the accompanying video to learn more about
  Multiple Intelligences

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Classroom Assessment Suggestions

• Assess a child in both English and in the native
  language before administering other tests
• A student must exhibit a disability when
  evaluated in the native language
• Schools should use multiple assessment tools
• Evaluators should use unbiased tools and
  techniques
• An interpreter may be used if bilingual education
  is not available
• Parents should be involved in developing
  assessments

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Educational Suggestions

• Display sensitivity to the cultural heritage of
  all students
• Use instructional strategies and materials that
  respect different learning styles and personal
  experiences
• Consider the instructional environment and the
  impact on student behavior
• Watch this video to learn about
• Culturally Responsive Teaching