The 1960

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Canada in the 1960s and 1970s

• The 1960s was a decade of concentrated social
  change. Social movements of the 1960s included
• Womens liberation
• Civil rights
• Free love
• Peace
• All of these movements shared a desire for the
  liberation of the individual. They created a
  counter-culture of youth and freedom, that
  questioned the status quo of the establishment

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• I have a dream

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Canada in the 1960s

• In the early 60s Canada produced the worlds
  leading philosopher of communications Marshal
  McLuhan.
• He observed that electronic media was becoming
  more important than print.
• He was made famous by the phrase The medium is
  the message. and said that the new types of
  media would ultimately create a global village.
  
• He theorized that distinctive national identities
  would dissolve as the distances created by
  geography, succumbing to the instant
  communication provided by new technology.
• The 1960s certainly marked huge changes in the
  ways in which Canadians perceived themselves.
• We obtained a new national symbol, we instated
  the official languages Act and we experienced a
  huge shift in our national morality

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Canada in the 1960s The new Flag

• In 1964 Canadians were involved in an argument
  over the Canadian flag, many were attached to the
  British Union Flag However people who
  viewed themselves as Canadian, and not British,
  did not care for it. In 1963 Prime Minister
  Lester Pearson unveiled his idea for a new flag
  and by 1965, we had a brand new flag

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• Awesome Canada Beaver of Amazingness

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Canada in the 1960s Freedom of the individual

• In the early and mid-60s, the desire for freedom
  was expressed in long hair, casual dress, and
  loud rock and roll
• The decade progressed into protest marches on
  behalf of peace, and the civil rights movement
• The new philosophy set individuals above the
  authority of groups and what by many were
  considered outdated moral standards
• Government was seen by many as the accomplice of
  business, instead of the protector of citizens
  and the environment

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Canada in the 1960sWomen

• Women were ready for liberation
• A dependable birth control pill, introduced in
  the early 1960s made it possible for women to
  delay or avoid having children. This in turn made
  it possible for more women to compete with men in
  the business world.
• Womens groups campaigned for equal rights, equal
  opportunities in the job market and an end to
  discrimination based on sex.
• Prime Minister Pearson set up of Royal Commission
  on the status of women, that was actually led by
  a woman, the first federal commission ever to be
  chaired by a woman.

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Canada in the 1960sBilingualism

• In 1963 Prime Minister Pearson appointed the
  Royal Commission on Bilingualism and
  Biculturalism.
• The report found that Quebecois were alienated
  from the rest of Canada, partially because the
  French language was not considered equal to
  English throughout the country.
• When Pierre Trudeau Became Prime Minister in
  1968, he passed the Official Languages Act in
  1969, this gave equal status to English and
  French officially making Canada a bilingual
  country.

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Canada in the 1960sThe Quiet Revolution

• More than any other Canadian province, Québec
  changed rapidly during the 1960s.
• These changes were so profound that this period
  is known in Québec as the Revolution Tranquille
  or the Quiet Revolution. The period is called
  this because though the changes were radical,
  they were achieved with out violence.

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Canada in the 1960s The Quiet Revolution
Continued

• Economy the Quiet Revolution sought to establish
  a stronger French presence in the economy of
  Québec.
• Social Services They wanted to ensure they had
  the same standard of social services as other
  provinces
• Education taken from the churches and turned
  over to a provincial system.
• More Autonomy Québec wanted co-operative
  federalism
• Unfortunately none of these steps would help
  Canada avoid the crisis between Québec and the
  rest of Canada that would occur during the
  October Crisis, brought on by the actions of the
  FLQ

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The FLQFront de Liberation du QuebecKidnapped!

• On October 5, 1970 members of the FLQ kidnapped
  James Cross the British trade commissioner from
  his home. The FLQ sent messages to the media
  saying that, they would kill Cross unless the
  government released 23 people who were in prison
  for terrorist acts.
• As a concession to the kidnappers the government
  allowed the FLQ manifesto to be broadcast
  publicly.
• The manifesto argued that in Quebec the English
  minority held all positions of power and
  influence, while the French majority was
  disadvantaged.
• Although they disagreed with the FLQs
  tactics,many people agreed with its analysis of
  the situation in Quebec

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Kidnapped continued

• The Quebec government refused to release any
  prisoners. Instead it offered to allow the
  kidnappers safe passage to another country if
  they released Cross.
• Minutes after the government made this
  announcement another cell of the FLQ abducted
  Pierre Laporte, the Quebec minister of labor,
  while he was playing on his lawn with his
  children.
• Laporte sent the government a letter pleading for
  his life. CBC report of Laportes letter

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The War Measures Act

• On 16 October,the federal government stated that
  because of a state of apprehended insurrection
  in Quebec, it was invoking the War Measures Act.
• This gives the authorities the power to arrest
  without warrant anyone suspected of being
  connected to the FLQ.
• Over the next few days, hundreds of people were
  jailed. (In the end, only 20 people were actually
  convicted of any crime.) Prime Minister Trudeau
  justifies the War Measures Act

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• Trudeau Speaks about the FLQ Crisis

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The End of the Crisis

• Pierre Laportes body was discovered in the trunk
  of a car.
• Police found Cross, who was released after 59
  days.
• In exchange for his release, five kidnappers
  received safe passage to Cuba.
• Four men were arrested Paul Rose, his brother
  Jacques, Francis Simard, and Bernard Lortie and
  convicted of Pierre Laportes murder
• In January 1971 the army withdrew from Quebec.

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French/English Relationships Today

• Although the FLQ failed in its purpose to cause
  Québec to separate, the desire to separate
  remains strong in some segments of Quebec
  society.
• The divisions between French and English in
  Canada continues today
• This can be seen in the Bloc Quebec one of the
  most powerful political parties in Canada today.

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Non NoOui Yes
For those that speak no French, like myself.