The Lone Star Republic

1
The Lone Star Republic

• Sam Houston and
• Mirabeau B. Lamars Government
• p. 270 - 279

2
Answer Texas was unable to pay back money it
owed to other countries and could not pay their
own military and government workers.Houston
Forms a Government

• Texas elected Sam Houston as the first president
  and Mirabeau B. Lamar as Vice President.
• Lamar is elected 2nd president of Texas in 1838
• Stephen Austin became secretary of state, but
  only for a few weeks because he died of pneumonia
  on December 27, 1836 at age 43.
• Question Who was the first president of the
  Republic of Texas?

3
Answer Sam HoustonThe United States Delays
Annexation

• Sam Houston and most Texans wanted to join the
  United States for protection.
• Mexico refused to recognize Texass independence
  and the U.S. did not want to annex Texas if it
  meant damaging relations with Mexico.
• Slavery was another problem antislavery groups
  in the U.S. were against the annexation of Texas
  because it would tip the balance of U.S. Senate
  towards the slave states.

• Lamar opposed annexation to the U.S. because he
  believed that one day Texas would be a powerful,
  independent nation that would extend all the way
  to the Pacific Ocean.
• Question Why did the United States refuse to
  annex Texas ?

4
Answer The United States did not want to upset
the balance between free and slave-holding states
and did not want to damage relations with
Mexico.1q Recognition as a Nation

• The U.S. did not officially recognize Texas as a
  nation for several months.
• On March 3, 1837, U.S. President Jackson granted
  official recognition of Texas.
• France and Great Britain hesitated because they
  did not want to offend Mexico and figured Texas
  would soon be annexed by the United States.
• Finally France, Great Britain and the Netherlands
  recognized Texas which meant the countries could
  set up trade agreements.
• Houston hoped this would make the U.S. annex
  Texas quickly.
• Question Why was it important for France, Great
  Britain and other countries to recognize Texas as
  an independent country?g

5
Answer So that Texas could set up economic trade
(supplies) and political agreements (protection)
with other countries. Houston - Native American
Conflict

• More Native American raids began as more Anglo
  Americans settled in central Texas.
• In one attack, Comanche and Kiowa killed several
  settlers and kidnapped two women and several
  children, including Cynthia Ann Parker.
• The raids decreased when Houston called on the
  Texas Rangers, who began patrolling central
  Texas.

• Question How did Sam Houston deal with the
  Native American raids in central Texas?

6
Answer He placed the Texas Rangers in Central
Texas to patrol and help prevent Native American
Raids.Lamar - Native American Conflict

• Years later, Lamar reversed Sam Houstons policy
  toward Native Americans.
• Lamar believed the Cherokees had no fair claim to
  the Texas lands they occupied. He had also heard
  the Mexicans were attempting to stir up the
  Cherokees against Texas.
• In the summer of 1839, President Lamar ordered
  the removal of the Cherokees from Texas.
• Question How did Mirabeau B. Lamar deal with the
  Native Americans when he became president?

7
Answer He kicked all of the Native Americans
out of Texas and across the Red River (into
Oklahoma). Lamar - Raids Lead To Council House
Fight

• After a series of battles with Texans along the
  upper Colorado River, the Comanche's agreed to
  meet with Texan authorities.
• The Comanche's had promised to bring their Anglo
  captives, but they reduced only one, a girl named
  Matilda Lockhart.
• Angry Texan troops attempted to take the Comanche
  negotiators as hostages until they freed their
  captives.
• The Comanche's resisted, and in the struggle,
  known as the Council House Fight, 7 Texans and 35
  Comanche's died.
• The Comanche's killed many of their white
  captives and set out to avenge the Comanche
  deaths.
• Because of the fight, Comanche's refused to make
  treaties with Texans.
• Question Explain the significance of the Council
  House Fight.

8
Answer Native Americans no longer trusted
Mirabeau B. Lamar and refused to make any more
treaties with Texas.Texas Navy

• Lamar thought that having a strong military would
  force Mexico to recognize the Republic of Texas
  so he ordered the newly restored navy into
  Mexican waters.
• Lamar hoped that the Mexican government would
  recognize Texas in exchange for the promise that
  the Texan navy would not harass Mexican ships.
• When Sam Houston regained the presidency in 1841,
  he recalled the navy.
• Question Why did Lamar choose to bulk up (make
  stronger) the Texas Navy?

9
Answer He believed it would make Texas look
stronger and thought he could bully Mexico into
recognizing Texas independence.Lamar - The Santa
Fe Expedition

• Although the Nueces River traditionally had been
  the boundary between Texas and Mexico, Texans
  claimed the Rio Grande as the border after the
  revolution.
• Texans were interested in controlling Santa Fe,
  the trading center on the upper Rio Grande. Santa
  Fe was the destination of traders from St. Louis,
  Missouri.
• Lamar sent an expedition to Santa Fe to control
  the region and open trade with New Mexico.
• Question Why was Texas interested in Santa Fe?

10
Answer To take control of the trading center
there (mall) and set up trade with the nearby
Native Americans in New Mexico.Lamar - The Santa
Fe Expedition

• As the expedition neared Santa Fe, the members
  encountered a Mexican army detachment that forced
  the Texans to surrender and marched more than
  1,000 miles to Mexico City.
• Many died on the way and others perished in a
  Mexican prison.
• Most of those who survived were released in April
  1842, after British and American diplomats worked
  for their release.
• The Santa Fe expedition was a failure in many
  ways
• It angered the Mexicans
• Resulted in the loss of many lives
• Failed to take control of Santa Fe
• Question What is the significance of the Santa
  Fe Expedition?

11
Answer Lamar lost soldiers, failed to accomplish
his goal, and ultimately only angered Mexico
more.Texas Debt Soars

• Texas had unpaid bills for the supplies and
  equipment of the revolution.
• When Houston became president, the debt was 1.25
  million.
• By the end of Houstons first term as president,
  the public debt of Texas had climbed to 2
  million.
• Lamar was extravagant in many matters, such as
  outfitting expeditions, Native American fights,
  and reorganizing the Texas navy.
• He failed in attempts to borrow money from the
  United States and European nations.
• By the end of Lamars term, the public debt rose
  to 7 million. A paper dollar in Texas was worth
  about 15 cents in the U.S.
• Question How did debt (money owed) affect the
  Republic of Texas?

12
Cause-Effect StatementsUse your notes to
properly match the cause-effect statements

• Because Texas was a slave-holding state
• Because of Texas debt
• Because of threat of Mexican invasion
• Because he believed Texas would one day be a
  large and strong country
• Because of the Native American threat in Texas
• abolitionists did not want Texas annexed.
• Houston called the Texas Rangers to patrol
  central Texas.
• Lamar did not want Texas annexation.
• Texas requested protection from the U.S.
• Texas sold land to the U.S. when annexed.