Review for AP Psychology

1
Review for AP Psychology

• MC- Part I

2
The evolutionary approach emphasizes changes in
behavior

1. Resulting from cloning
2. Resulting form change in in chromosome numbers
3. On the species level
4. Within cultural groups
5. That show how behavior of monkeys compares to
   behavior of people

3
Which approach emphasizes the nature of people to
maximize their potential?

1. Biological
2. Behavioral
3. Cognitive
4. Humanistic
5. Sociocultural

4
Which of the following psychologists is best
trained to treat people with schizophrenia?

1. Counseling
2. Clinical
3. Developmental
4. Psychometric
5. Health

5
As part of a research study, Sanjay is asked to
fill out a 30 question form about his study
habits. Which of the following research methods
does this characterize?

• Controlled Experiment
• Quasi-Experiment
• Naturalistic Observation
• Survey
• Clinical

6
Why cant a controlled experiment be designed to
answer the question, Do boys have higher
self-esteem than girls?

1. Random selection is not possible
2. Random assignment is not possible
3. A population cannot be defined
4. Self-esteem cannot be operationalized.
5. Informed consent cannot be obtained.

7
Which of the following graphs would best picture
correlational data about the relationship between
scores on the first psychology test and final
exam for Mr. Sochets third period class?

1. A frequency polygon
2. A histogram
3. A line graph
4. A box plot
5. A scatterplot

8
Which of the following is the same for these two
sets of dataSet 1 1, 7, 5, 9, 3Set 2 2, 5,
6, 5, 7I. MeanII. MedianIII. Mode

1. I only
2. II only
3. III only
4. I and II only
5. I, II, III

9
Which measure of variability provides the most
meaningful information about the following set of
scores? Set of scores 12,12,13,14,15,16,17,17,
32

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode
4. Range
5. Standard Deviation

10
Which of the following technologies enables
psychologists to visualize brain function?

1. EEG and EKG
2. CAT and MRI
3. EKG and PET
4. PET and CAT
5. fMRI and PET

11
Which of the following nervous systems work in
opposition to each other?

• Central and Peripheral
• Somatic and Autonomic
• Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
• Central and Sympathetic
• Somatic and Peripheral

12
The unit of structure and function of the human
nervous system is the

1. Neuron
2. Nerve
3. Axon
4. Reflex Arc
5. Brain

13
Hormones most closely associated with stress are
produced by the

1. Thyroid
2. Parathyroids
3. Pineal
4. Adrenals
5. Thalamus

14
The part of the brain most closely associated
with regulation of hunger, thirst, and body
temperature is the

1. Left frontal lobe
2. Right frontal lobe
3. Amygdala
4. Cerebellum
5. Hypothalamus

15
As a result of injury to her brain, Starla no
longer can understand what people say to her
although, she hears them. The region of the
cerebral cortex most likely injured is her

1. Left temporal lobe
2. Left frontal lobe
3. Right frontal lobe
4. Right parietal lobe
5. Right occipital lobe

16
Chemical Energy is transduced to the
electro-chemical energy of neural impulses at the

1. Cochlea
2. Retina
3. Olfactory mucosa
4. Semi-circular canals
5. Ganglion cells

17
Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup can
result in

1. Conduction deafness
2. Sensorineural deafness
3. Blindness
4. Color blindness
5. Loss in taste sensation

18
Although Hannah could barely hear the person on
the other side of Maya whisper, Maya couldnt
hear him at all. For hearing, compared to Maya,
Hannah has a

1. Lower absolute threshold
2. Lower difference threshold
3. Higher absolute threshold
4. Higher difference threshold
5. Lower tolerance

19
If you stand on one foot and close your eyes,
which of the following senses prevents you from
falling?

1. Gustatory
2. Olfactory
3. Kinesthetic
4. Somatosensory
5. Visual

20
Which depth cue best explains that we are able to
perceive a tall building to be in front of hills
about a mile away?

1. Interposition
2. Texture gradient
3. Retinal disparity
4. Convergence
5. The Phi Phenomenon

21
Alpha and beta waves are characteristic of

1. Conscious awareness
2. Stage 2 sleep
3. Stage 3 sleep
4. Stage 4 sleep
5. REM sleep

22
Monitoring by a hidden observer provides evidence
for which theory of hypnosis?

1. Dissociation
2. State
3. Diathesis-stress
4. Place
5. Activation-synthesis

23
Which of the following are stimulants?

1. Methamphetamine and codeine
2. Caffeine and morphine
3. Nicotine and cocaine
4. Alcohol and Benzedrine
5. Marijuana and LSD

24
Which of the following is the result of learning?

1. Salmon swim upstream in order to spawn
2. A neonate cries immediately after birth
3. A man blinks when a puff of air is blown into his
   eyes
4. A boy cringes when he sees lightning
5. A girl falls asleep when she feels tired

25
In classical conditioning, between what two
factors is a new association formed?

1. Reinforcer and unconditioned stimulus
2. Reinforcer and unconditioned response
3. Reinforcer and conditioned response
4. Unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus
5. Unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response

26
Although the pigeon was trained to peck at a
yellow light, it pecks at green, red and orange
lights too. This behavior indicates the pecking
behavior has been

1. Discriminated
2. Generalized
3. Extinguished
4. Spontaneously recovered
5. Punished

27
When alarms on timers started going off in the
back of the classroom, students were distracted,
but the teacher continued lecturing. As more
alarms went off, one student got up, and the
teacher nodded. The student walked towards the
back of the room and the teacher nodded. The
student turned the alarms off and the teacher
thanked him. What operant conditioning process
does this best illustrate?

1. Shaping
2. Generalization
3. Discrimination
4. Extinction
5. Omission training

28
After Toms parents told him not to take his
fathers car to the movies, he did anyway. As a
result, his parents took away Toms car keys and
told him he was not permitted to drive for a
month. Taking away the car keys and not letting
Tom drive for a month exemplifies

1. Positive reinforcement
2. Positive punishment
3. Negative reinforcement
4. Omission training
5. Insight learning

29
JoBeth watched her mother cook dinner, then went
to her room, made believe she was cooking the
same dinner, and served it to her stuffed toys.
JoBeth learned to cook and serve like her mother
by

1. Insight learning
2. Classical Conditioning
3. Operant Conditioning
4. Observational Learning
5. Maturation

30
In describing a ball that is both red and big, we
say, Big red ball, rather than, Red big ball,
in the English language. Such a rule about word
order is a specific rule of

1. Grammar
2. Syntax
3. Semantics
4. Spelling
5. Deep structure

31
Ralph thinks senior citizens are the ones who
back up traffic on parkway entrance ramps because
senior citizens are hesitant drivers. Every time
he sees lots of cars waiting to enter the
parkway, he looks ot see how is driving the front
car. If a senior citizen is in the drivers seat,
he points it out to passengers in his car. Ralph
is evidencing

1. Confirmation bias
2. Hindsight bias
3. Groupthink
4. The availability heuristic
5. The representativeness heuristic

32
Jho remembers which wavelengths of light are
shorter than others by recalling ROYGBIV. ROYGBIV
is an example of

1. A mnemonic device
2. The method of loci
3. The self-reference effect
4. Constructive memory
5. The representativeness heuristic

33
Knowing how to ride a bicycle is stored in which
of our memory systems?

1. Explicit
2. Implicit
3. Semantic
4. Episodic
5. declarative

34
Rather than taking the time to check the
dictionary, Vinny used i before e, except after
c to decide the spelling of niether (sic). To
solve his spelling problem, Vinny applied

1. Webers law
2. An algorithm
3. The law of effect
4. The misinformation effect
5. A heuristic

35
After hearing this list of words, Night, snore,
bed, tired, pillow, dark, yawn, blanket, toss,
turn subjects were asked to write the words they
heard. They frequently included the word sleep.
This illustrates

1. Source amnesia
2. Procedural memory
3. Constructive memory
4. Retroactive interference
5. Proactive interference

36
According to the drive reduction theory, the aim
of drive reduction is

1. Raising motivation
2. Homeostasis
3. Incentive
4. To maintain a tension state
5. To increase arousal

37
After Madison got home from the buffet (that
which she stuffed herself), she went to the
bathroom and made herself throw up. She does this
every time she binges on food. She thinks about
food a lot, craves chocolate, and would be
considered of average weight. Madison is most
likely suffering from

1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Bulimia Nervosa
3. Set point depression
4. Dysmenorrhea
5. Type A behavior

38
Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and
conscious experience best characterize

1. The two factor theory
2. Motives
3. Incentives
4. Drives
5. Emotions

39
Psychological arousal is characterized by which
of the following?

1. Contracted pupils and increased perspiration
2. Slowed digestion and accelerated heartbeat
3. Increased respiration and increased salivation
4. Contracted pupils and increased heartbeat
5. Dilated pupils and speeded digestion

40
Of the following, which means of communication is
the most universal?

1. English language
2. Hand gestures
3. Facial expressions
4. Vocal intonation
5. Bowing

41
A person with X, X, and Y sex chromosomes must be

• Heterosexual
• Homosexual
• Bisexual
• Male
• Female

42
According to Lev Vygotskys sociocultural theory,
the upper limit of a childs zone of proximal
development is the level at which the child can

1. Solve a problem only with the help of a skilled
   instructor
2. Solve a difficult problem working alone
3. Recognize that the volume of a liquid stays the
   same whether it is in a tall, narrow container or
   short, wide container
4. Use metacognitive skills to solve a problem
5. Perform logical deductions

43
Chemicals that cause birth defects are

1. Morphogenic
2. Homophobic
3. Homeostatic
4. Teratogenic
5. pathogenic

44
Which controversy deals with the question of
whether development is a gradual, cumulative
change or a sequence of distinct stages?

1. Nature versus nurture
2. Continuity versus discontinuity
3. Stability versus change
4. Evolution versus creationism
5. Individualism versus collectivism

45
Darren is a happily married man who is a
successful nursery school teacher. According to
traditionalists, he has adopted the wrong

1. Gender
2. Gender identity
3. Gender role
4. Sex
5. Sexual Oreintation

46
Freud's personality construct that contains
psychic energy to power all personality systems
and is guided by the pleasure principle is the

1. Id
2. Ego
3. Superego
4. Libido
5. Collective Unconscious

47
After Rowenas boyfriend broke up with her,
Rowena had a hot fudge sundae with four scoops of
ice cream and whipped cream on top. Which defense
mechanism does this exemplify?

1. Projection
2. Rationalization
3. Reaction formation
4. Regression
5. Displacement

48
Aurora enjoys playing with her young nieces and
nephews because they always laugh and tell her
how much fun she is. So Aurora goes out of her
way to visit them. Her behavior is best explained
by

1. Sternbergs triarchic theory
2. Gardners multiple intelligences theory
3. Herings opponent process theory
4. The Halo effect
5. Banduras reciprocal determinism theory

49
Rolf is very reserved, is inner-directed, would
rather be alone than with lots of people, rarely
displays emotions, and is level headed in an
emergency. On Hans Eysencks dimensions of
personality, Rolf would be

1. High on extroversion and high on psychoticism
2. High on neuroticism and high on psychoticism
3. High on extroversion and low on neuroticisms
4. Low on extroversion and high on neuroticism
5. Low on extroversion and low on neuroticism

50
The Rorschach inkblot test is

1. A personality inventory
2. Used to fingerprint suspects
3. An aptitude test
4. An achievement test
5. A projective personality test

51
In a normal distribution

1. The range is always the same
2. The standard deviation is equal to the range
3. The standard deviation equals about 34
4. The median is equal to the mode
5. The mean is equal to the standard deviation

52
Peter Salovey and John Mayers concept of
emotional intelligence is most similar to which
of the Howard Gardners intelligences?

1. Analytic and practical
2. Naturalist and existential
3. Interpersonal and intrapersonal
4. Bodily/kinestetic and verbal linguistic
5. Spatial and logical

53
All good achievement tests should haveI. Content
ValidityII. Predictive ValidityIII.
Reliability

1. I only
2. II only
3. III only
4. I and III only
5. I, II, and III

54
The heritability of intelligence among identical
triplets is

1. 0
2. 25
3. 50
4. 75
5. 100

55
According to Claude Steele, self-fulfilling
prophecy might account for the poorer performance
of African Americans on intelligence tests and
girls on mathematics achievement tests because of

1. Generalized anxiety disorder
2. Stereotype threat
3. Neuroticism
4. The primacy effect
5. Psychological profiling

56
Although your friend thinks there is nothing
wrong with her, you are concerned with her
behavior of unplugging every electrical item in
her house every time she leaves, including all
lamps, radios, the television, toaster, clocks,
and telephones. Her behavior might be considered
abnormal because

1. She doesnt know right from wrong
2. It is atypical and violates cultural norms
3. She thinks it interferes with her every day life
4. It is insane
5. It is dangerous

57
Which of the following perspectives attributes
abnormal behavior to failure to resolve
unconscious conflicts?

1. Biological
2. Behavioral
3. Psychoanalytic
4. Humanistic
5. Evolutionary

58
Narcissistic personality disorder is
characterized by

1. Unwarranted suspiciousness and mistrust of other
   people
2. Lack of interest in social relationships
3. A grandiose sense of ones own importance
4. Instability resolving around problems of mood and
   thought processes
5. Pleasure-seeking shallow feelings, lack of
   conscience

59
David thought he heard a dog telling him to kill
people. Hearing the dog talking is an example of

1. A hallucination
2. A delusion
3. Inappropriate affect
4. Incoherent speech
5. palsy

60
The American psychiatric Associations Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)

• is meant to be used psychiatrists, but not
  psychologists
• Describe the causes of a variety of mental
  disorders
• Explains why homosexuality should be considered a
  mental disorder
• Contains case illustrations to help
  diagnosticians identify a clients disorder
• Defines categories of mental disorders in terms
  of the causes of a variety of mental disorders

61
Which is a behavioral therapy that has proven
successful in treating phobias?

1. Electroconvulsive shock therapy
2. Group therapy
3. Psychosurgery
4. Systematic Desensitization
5. Rational emotive therapy

62
Psychoanalytic therapy and humanistic therapy
differ in that psychoanalytic therapy focuses on

1. The present and humanistic therapy focuses on the
   future
2. Subconscious and preconscious thoughts and
   humanistic therapy focuses on conscious thoughts
3. Curing illness and humanistic therapy focuses on
   preventing illness
4. Fixations and humanistic therapy focuses on
   insight
5. Probing past feelings and humanistic therapy
   focuses on exploring feelings as they occur.

63
Clients who drink too much alcohol are sometimes
treated with a drug that causes nausea if the
client consumes alcohol. This type of therapy is
known is

1. Systematic desensitization
2. Progressive relaxation
3. Client centered therapy
4. Aversive conditioning
5. Psychodynamic therapy

64
Light therapy, consisting of exposure to light in
the morning , has been successful in relieving
symptoms of

1. Bipolar disorder
2. Seasonal affective disorder
3. Disorganized schizophrenia
4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
5. Alzheimers disease

65
Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil help elevate mood by

1. Increasing the availability of serotonin to post
   synaptic neurons
2. Decreasing the availability of norepeinphrine to
   post synaptic neurons
3. Facilitating reuptake of serotonin
4. Acting as agonists of dopamine
5. Preventing reuptake of dopamine

66
A college professor asked a biology teacher to
let a college student observe her teaching for
one period. After the student observed the
teacher, the professor asked the teacher to
accept the student as a student teacher for 10
weeks. She agreed. The strategy the professor
used to get the teacher to agree is called

1. Cognitive dissonance
2. Foot-in-the-door-phenomenon
3. Obedience to authority
4. Normative social influence
5. conformity

67
As part of each lab, Ms. Geraci requires her
students to wash their glassware so it is clean
for the next class. She has found that the
glassware is cleaner when students wash it in
full view of their classmates. This is best
explained by

1. Deindividuation
2. The mere exposure effect
3. Social facilitation
4. Social loafing
5. Superoridinate goals

68
In heartsaver AED training, the American Heart
Association teaches rescuers to direct specific
people standing around the victim to do specific
jobs, such as calling 911. Directing specific
people to perform these job prevents

1. The victim from dying
2. People from felling scared
3. Group polarization
4. The bystander effect
5. A social trap

69
According to group polarization studies, after
Mary and Marie (who are strongly in favor of the
death penalty) discuss the issue with Lisa and
Liza (who are strongly opposed to the death
penalty), it is likely that

1. All of them will be more strongly in favor of the
   death penalty
2. All of them will be more strongly opposed to the
   death penalty
3. Mary and Marie will be more strongly in favor of
   the death penalty than before, and Lisa and Liza
   will be more strongly opposed to the death
   penalty than before
4. Mary and Marie will be less strongly in favor of
   the death penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be less
   strongly opposed to the death penalty.
5. Mary and Marie will be opposed to the death
   penalty, and Lisa and Liza will be in favor of
   the death penalty

70
The field of psychology that examines how the
behavior and subjective experiences of
individuals are influenced by together people is

1. Sociobiology
2. Sociology
3. Social psychology
4. Social anthropology
5. Psychopathology

71
According to evolutionary psychologists, in
making a decision to help in life-or-death
situations, most people will choose to help

1. Cousins sooner than siblings
2. Ill people rather than healthy people
3. Poor people rather than wealthy people
4. Close friends rather than close relatives
5. Sisters in their 20s rather than mothers in
   their 50s