????? ?????? ??? ?????? Soybean ??????? ???????? Fabaceae ????? ?????? Glycine max, L. (Merr) ????? ????????? Soybean

1
????? ????????? ?????? Soybean ???????
???????? Fabaceae ????? ?????? Glycine
max, L. (Merr) ????? ????????? Soybean
2

• ????? ????? ??????
• ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????
  ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???
  ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??
  ????? ??????.
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??
  ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??
  ???? ?? ?????? ????.
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????
  ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? .
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????
  .
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ????? ????? ?? .
• ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ?????.

3
?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????

• ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???
  ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? 1985
  ??? 119 ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? 1990 ??? 99
  ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? 1100 ??? ??????
  Verdcout (1970) ?? ??? ?????? Glycine Soja and
  zucc .?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???
  ???? ??? ?????? ???????.
• ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
  1999 ??? 71850000 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 2148
  ???/????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?? 97000 ?????? ??? 1991 ???
  17350 ?????? ??? ??? 1999 ????? ??????? ?????????
  ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? 1112
  ???/???? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.

4
??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????

1. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?
   ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????.
2. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
   ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
   ????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????
   40-50.
3. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???
   ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 50??? ????? ???
   20 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????
   ? ???????? ?????? ????? 20 ?? ???? ????? .

5
??? ??? ??????

• ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????
• ????? ??? ????? ????? Indeterminate .
• ?????? ????? ????? Determinate.
• ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????
  ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
  ?????? . ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??
  ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????
  ????? ?? ??? ???????? (Bernard,1972) ?????? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
  ? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ???
  ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????
  ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???
  ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????.

6
??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????

• ?????? ??? ???????? ??
• 1- ?????? (OO) ??????? ?????? Norman, Geiso,
  Shinsei .
• 2- ?????? (O) ??????? ??????? Vansoy, Maple
  Arrow, Elfe .
• 3- ?????? (?) ??????? ??????? Anoka, Disoy, Hark
  .
• 4- ?????? (II) ??????? ??????? Magna, Harosoy,
  Hawkeye .
• 5- ?????? (III) ??????? ??????? Calland, Kin,
  Ford ? ???? 35
• ????? 82 ????? 83.

7

• 6- ?????? (IV) ??????? ???????Bonus, Clark, Kent
  ????? 22 ? ???? 111.
• ?????? ????? Crawford ??????? ???????? ????? ???
  55 ????? ????? ??? 120 ????? ????? ?????? 1200
  ??? ??????? .
• 7- ?????? (V) ??????? ??????? Mack, York, Hill
  ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????
  Akishirome ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????
  ?? ?????? ???????? (???? ??? ????? 1992).
• 8- ?????? (VI) ??????? ??????? Davis, Hood, Lee
  .
• 9- ?????? (VII) ??????? ??????? Ransom, Jakson,
  Bragg .
• 10- ?????? (VIII) ??????? ??????? Hampton,
  Stuart, Hardee .

8
??? ???????

• ????-???? 82
• ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? 95-100 ??? ??
  ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
  ?????.
• 2-???? 21
• ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? 120?????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????
  ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????.
• 3-???? 35
• ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? 105-110 ????? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????
  ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????.
• 4--???? 22
• ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? 115
  ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  ?? ??? ??? ????.
• 5--???? 111
• ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????
  ??? 115-120 ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
  ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
  ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????.
• 6--???? 83
• ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???
  95-100??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????
  ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??
  ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??
  ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????.

9
????? ?????

• ????? ????? ???????
• ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? 15 ????? ???? 10
  ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?5 ???? ??? ??? ?????
  ??????? ???????.
• ?????? ????? ????? ???????
• ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????
  ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????
  ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????
  ????????.

10
????? ????? ??? ??????
11

• ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????

12

• ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????

13

• ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???
• 1- VS1 ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ???? ??? ?????.
• 2-. VS2 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???
  (3) ??? ????? ??????.
• 3. Vs3 ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ????????.
• 4. VS4 ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ????????.
• 5. VSn ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ný ??? ????? ???
  ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???
  ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
  ?????.

14
????? ????? ???????

• VE VC V1 V3 V5
  Vn

15
????? ????? ???????

• R1 R2 R3 R4

16
???? ????? ????? ???????

• R5 R6 R7 R8
  

17

• ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???
  ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??? ????? ??????? .
• 1. RS1 ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
  ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
  ???????.
• 2. RS2 ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????
  ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????? ?????.
• 3. RS3 ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???
  ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
  ?? ?????? ??? ???????.
• 4. RS4 ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???
  ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
  ???????.

18

• RS .5 ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ????? ????? 1/8 ???? ?? 3 ?? ?? ??? ??????
  ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????.
• 6. RS6 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
  ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???
  ???????.
• 7. RS7 ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??
  ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????
  ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????
  ?????.
• 8. RS8 ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ???? 25 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????
  ????? (????? ?????).

19

• ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????

20
Table 1. Vegetative and reproductive stages of
a soybean plant.
21
Germination and Emergence
Fig.3
Fig.1
22
V2 Stage (second node)
Fig.4
Fig.1
Fig.6
Fig.5
23
V3 and V5 Stages (third and fifth
nodes)
Fig.7
Fig.1
Fig.21
Fig.8
24
V6 Stage (sixth node)
Fig.9
25
R1 Stage (beginning bloom)
Fig.12
Fig.21
26
R4 Stage (full pod)
Fig. 25
Fig.20
Fig.17
Fig.27
27
R6 Stage (full seed)
Fig. 31
Fig. 27
Fig.28
Fig. 38
Fig. 39
Fig. 40
28
R7 Stage (beginning maturity
Fig.33
Fig. 32
Fig.34
Fig.35
29
R8 Stage (full maturity)
Fig.37
Fig.36
30
?????? ????????

• ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? .
• ????? ??????? ???????? ???????.
• ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? .
• ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  .
• ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????
  ??? ??????? ??????.

31
????? ??????? ??????? ????????

• ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? 15
  ???? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ??? ????.
• ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ????????.???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? 1985
  ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ??????
  ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ????? ???
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????.

32
????? ????? ??????? ????????
33
??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????
34
????? ????? ??????? ????????
35
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
?????????
36
???? ???????

• ????? ?????? ??? 35 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
  ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????21-????22-????111
  ?40 ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? 82 ?????83
  ?????35 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????
  ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????
  ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???
  60??? ????/???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 25 ???
  ????/???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
  ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????.

37
????? ???? ??????? ????????
38
???? ??????? ???????? ????????
39
?????????? ???????

• 1- ???? ???????
• ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????
  ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????
  ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?
  ?????? ???? ??????? 20- 530? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????
  ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????
  ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??
  540?. ??????? ???? ??????? ?? 535? ????? ???
  ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? .(Pandey, 1987)
• ??? ??? ?????(Hofstea, 1984) ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ?? 15-510? ??? 21-516? ?????
  ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
• 2- ?????
• ?. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????
  ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.
• ?. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???
  ??? ????? ?????? ???????.

40
?????????? ????????

• ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? .
• ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????.
• ???? 30 ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?75 ??? ???? ??????
  ????????? ?25 ??? ?? ????? ?????????? (Panday,
  1987) ? ????? ????? ??? ???????? - ???? ??????? -
  ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????
  ???????? 60 ??? ???? 24 ??? ??? ?????????? 36
  ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (????? 1993).
• ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????
  (??????? ???????)??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? 406040
  ??/???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? 3?? ??? ???
  ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
  ???? ??? ??????.

41
(No Transcript)
42
???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????
43
??? ???????

• ???? ??? ?????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????
  ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? 15 ?? ?? ???? ???????
  10 ??/?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
  12 ??/?????? ?? ??? 3-4 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????
  ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
  ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????.
• ??????? (???????) ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??
  ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????
  ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????
  3?? ?? ?????? ? 5 ?? ?? ???????.
• ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???????(140-150 ???
  ????/????)
• ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? (???????) ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????
  ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????
  ?????? ?????

44
????? ????? ????? ???????
45
?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
46
?????? ??? ??????
47
?????????? ???????

• ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ??? 15-20 ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
  ?? 12-15 ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ???? 5-6
  ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ??? 5-6 ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????
  ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????.

48
?????? ???????

• ??????? ??? ???? ????? 3-4 ???? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????
  ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????
  ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???
  ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 45??? ??????
  ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????
• -??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????
  500????? 1,7??? /???? ?? ??? 48 ?? ???????48
  ????? 205 ??? / ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?? 200-300??? ???/????.
• ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????
  50 ?? ????? 24 ????? ???/ ???? ?? 300 ??? ???
  ?? ??? ???????? .

49
?????? ??????? ???????? ???????

• ????? ??????? ????????
• ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? 1??/1??? ???
  ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ?????? ???????
• ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????
• 1. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????
  ??????? ????????? ??? ????????50 ????? ??? ????
  ??????.
• 2. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
• 3. ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??
  ???????????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
  ?????? ?????.
• 4. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??
  ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?.?.?.

50
?????? ?????? ???????

• ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ???
  ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
  ???. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????.
• ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????
  ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????
  ??? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????.

51
????? ????? ???? ??????
52
?????? ????? ???? ??????
53
???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
54
???????

• ???? ????? ??????? ?? 800-1100 ??? ????/????. ???
  ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????.

55
????? ???????

• ?-??? ?? ??????? ??????
• ?1 ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????
• ?2 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
• ?3 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
  ??? 1990 ???? ?????
• ?4 ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????? ???????? ?????
• ?5 ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???
  ???????
• ?6 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????
• ?7 ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????
• ?8 ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
  ???????
• ?9 ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???
  ???????
• ?10 ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
• ?11 ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????
  ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ?????????
• ?12 ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?

56

• ?- ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????.
• 1-( )???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????
  ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????.
• 2-( )??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????
  ?????.
• 3-( )?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
• 4-( ) ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? .
• 5-( ) ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????
  ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.

57

• ??-???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????
• 1-???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? (???? ?????-?????
  ??????-?????).
• 2-?????? ?? ??? ?????? (??????-???-??????) ?????
  ??? ?????? ?? ??????.
• 3-???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? (??????-???????-????
  ??).
• 4-???? ???? (?????-?????-???????) ??????? ??? ???
  ??? ??????.
• 5-???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
  (???????-???????-???????)