?? 10 kpc

1
????????

• ?? ?
• ???? ???????

2
???????
(pc 3.3??3.11018 cm)
??? 1015cm
?? 10 kpc
??? 100 Mpc
??? Mpc
3
????????
???
??
????
(?? 1997)
4
?????
?????
?????? ??????
??????????
???? ?????
????????
5
???????
38?? z1100 (???????????)
137?? z0
(?????????????)
d?/?ltlt1
d?/?gtgt 1
3. ????? ??????
1. ?????????? ??????????
2. ????? ??????
6
???????????(CMB)
??????? T3.5 1.0 K (Penzias, Wilson
1965 Roll, Wilkinson 1966)
???????? (dT/T)7deg10-5 (Smoot et al. 1992)
?????? ?????? (COBE?30?? ?????)
7
?????????????
2394GHz ?5???????? (Bennett et al. 2003)
?????
?????
Cl ????????????? lp/T???????
??????2??? (?????2??????Legendre??)
? I, Q, U (??????????) or T, E, B ????? ?
?6??
Spergel et al. 2003
8
???????????????
1. ??????????? 2. ????????(?????-) 3.
???????????? 4. ????? 5. ????????2????
- ?????????? - ?????????????? etc.
9
WMAP ?(????????)????????
1. ?????????????????? (Komatsu et al. 2003) ?
????????(or 2?????)???????? 2. ??????????????????
(Spergel et al. 2003) ? ??????????????? 3.
??????????????????CDM???????? ?
???????????? 4. z1000 ??????????z20??????
(Kogut et al. 2003) ? ????????????????
? 1, 3 ? Tgt 10(gt?10Mpc ???) ???????
Tlt?????????????????????????
10
???????
38?? z1100 (???????????)
137?? z0
(?????????????)
d?/?ltlt1
d?/?gtgt 1
3. ????? ??????
1. ?????????? ??????????
2. ????? ??????
11
?????????????(1)
????????????
??????????
?? ?????
?????, ??/?ltlt1 a ? a ?a, ?a/a ltlt1
???????????1???(??)? d(t)??/? ? a2(t) ? t
????? ? a(t) ? t2/3 ?????
???????????? ?? (??????)
???????? ? ???????
12
?????????????(2)
???????????????????a????
z20
z1000
z3000
t
???????
???
?????
????????? ??????(l lt ct)
????????
CDM ???
(??)
gt106 Msun??? (??gt??? ??????)
gt109 Msun???
???? ???
(??????)
???DM ?????
????????
13
??????????????(1)
?????????????? ?????????
?????????????
?????? k2p/R
k
?????(k?) ???????????? ?????(k?)
??????????? (HDM DM?????)
k-3
???? ??Rct
DM????P(k) ??
?????
?????
14
??????????????(2)
??????????? ? ???????????
CDM??? zlt3000?? ????????? ?????????k-mode??
????2???????
??? ?????
????? D?(1z)-1
???????? ???????????
?????
?????
15
?????????
dgt1 ????????????????
(????????????????????????????)
1. ??????? Eulerian, Lagrangian
(1?Zeldovich??)
2. ???????? e.g. ?????? ? ???
3. N??????????? (Nmax 109)
16
?????????
?????????
??????? ? ??(turn-around)??? ? ??????(collapse) ??
???-????(halo)
d?????????? ???collapse(d??1.7) ?????????
17
Press-Schechter ??
?????????R(or M)?? d????????????? ???
????????
??????
??z???M???? collapse(d??1.7)????
??????
collapse ?? halo ? ???? n(M,z)
halo ????? (????????????? ????????????)
18
???????
137?? z0
38?? z1100
d?/?ltlt1
d?/?gtgt 1
1. ?????????? ??????????
2. ????? ??????
3. ????? ??????
19
??????(1) ????????
??? ?????-?????????????(X?) ? halo
???????????
??????????

WMAP ???
Kitayama Suto (1997)
???
???????

1. ??????? ? 10Mpc??P(k)?WMAP???
2. ?????????????

20
??????(2) ????????
1998
1996
1986
z0.05 (150h-1Mpc)
z0.2 complete
z0.2 (600h-1Mpc)
CfA redshift survey de Lapparent et al.(1986)
1100 galaxies
Sloan Digital Sky Survey http//www.sdss.org
Las Campanas redshift survey Schectman et al.
(1996)
106 galaxies
26,000 galaxies
21
?????????????
??????????????
CDM P(k) (WMAP???)
CDM ?P(k)??? (k0.020.3 h/Mpc) ???????????
????? ???? ? DM?? dg bdm Pgg(k) b2
Pmm(k) ???????? ??? b 1 for L
??(Mr-20.8)
SDSS 205,000 galaxies (Tegmark et al. 2004)
22
???????
early-type average late-type
??????????? (Kayo et al. 2004)
???????????? (Tegmark et al. 2004)
???????????
23
?????????????
??????4? ??????12? ?CDM???
CMB z1000
SDSS z0
cluster z0
?????? ??????????? ??????? (e.g.
????) ?????? Cosmic Variance (??????????)
Lya forest z3
(Tegmark et al. 2004)
1010 Msun
?????
?????
24
??(1) ???????????
WMAP
??????????????
????????????? MJeans 4104 Msun _at_ z20
?????????????? ? P(k) ???
???????????? P(kJ) gt 0.5 PCDM, n1(kJ) ???
MgtMJ(z) ????????? ????UV??????? (?????????)
25
??(2) ????????????
???????????
????? ?????
?
?????????? ????????
????????? ?????? (???? log-normal)
N?????d??? (Kayo et al. 2001)
26
??(3) ?????????
? ??????????????
?????? ?? ????5 ?? 20
?????- 75
1. ???????????? n10-3 cm-3, T 108K 2.
?????????? gt ???? (?????????) 3. ??????
????lt ???? ? ????????????
?????????
RXJ1347-1145 at z0.45 X-ray R-band (Schindler
et al. 1997)
27
??(3) ?????????
? ??????????????

• ??
• - ????(lt 1 keV)???
• - ?????????
• Tc Th/3

RXJ1347 (Allen et al. 2002)

• ???????
• - ??????????
• - ????
• - ???
• - ???

?????(???)???? ??????????? ? ???????????
A2199 (Johnstone et al. 2002)
28
???
????? ?????
??? ?????
??a
1. ????? ? ?????
2. ????????????? ?CDM??????????
????????????????
3. ?a????????????? ??????????? ????????