1993??? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1993???

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Title: Author: AGATA Yasushi Last modified by: AGATA Yasushi Created Date: 4/7/2003 3:07:31 AM – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 1993???


1
????????-???????-
?????????????????????? ????????????? ????????
2
??1
  • 1968????
  • 1991????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • 1993???????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????
  • 2000???
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????(???????)??????

3
??1'
  • ??????
  • ??????????
  • 2???1??????????
  • ????4???
  • ??4.5???????SE????????
  • ???????????????

4
??2?????????(??)??????
  • 2000,2001????????????????????????
  • 2002????????????CREST??????????
  • ??
  • ?????????(??)???
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • GAME-T??????,CD-ROM??/??
  • CCSR/NIES AGCM??????????
  • ???????????????GSWP2/ALMA?????
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????

5
????????
6
??????????
  • Globalltglobe ????
  • ????????????
  • ??????
  • ??????????

7
?????????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????(???)????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???????SST(????)???????????????????????

8
??????????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????(????????????????????)
  • ???????????????(??????)???,???????????
  • ??????????????,???????,??????????????????????
    ????????etc.etc??????????????

9
????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????

10
?????????????
  • ?????14?km3????????2600m????????????km3? 1 km3
    109m3.(???????????0.6km3)
  • 98???
  • ????????????
  • ??????????????????????????40000km3/year

11
?????
  • ?????????
  • SST?????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????

12
??????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????.?????????
  • ??????????????.???????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ???????????????

Atmosphere
Boundary Layer Physics
Rain/Snow
Rainfall/Snow
Evapo-transpiration
Evaporation
Land Surface Processes
Ocean
Land Surface
River Runoff/Ice Sheet Melting
Landuse / Human Impact
13
????????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ?GCM?General Circulation Model
  • ????????????
  • GCM????????
  • ??AGCM
  • ??OGCM ???????AOGCM
  • ??????????????
  • ??????????????????
  • ?????????,???????????????

14
??????????
  • ??????????????????
  • 1????????????????

Solar Radiation
Rainfall
Wind
TemperatureAir Pressure
Vapor Transport
Upward Rad. Heat
Black ForcingGreen SettingPurple Response
InterceptionLoss
Setting Veg. TypeSoil TypeRoughnessLandform
etc.
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
  • Model type depends on user's interest

Evaporation
Upward Rad. Heat
Infiltration
River Runoff
Soil MoistureChange
15
?????????
  • GCM??????????????????
  • ???????????
  • Manabe(1969) "Bucket" Model
  • ??????????
  • 1980??????,???????????????????????????????????
    ??????
  • ???????????
  • SiB2(NASA)
  • BATS(?????)
  • VIC(D. Lettenmayer)
  • SECHIBA(Meteo France)
  • MATSIRO(MRI/NIES/????????)
  • ?

16
?????????LSM
  • ?????????
  • GCM?LSM????????????????
  • ??????????????,??
  • ?????,?????????????????????
  • ?????????
  • GCM????,??????????LSM????
  • ????????????
  • LSM??????????????????,????????

17
LSM????????????
  • ???????????????????(????????)??????
  • ????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????LAI??????????
    ???????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????

18
LSM??
  • ????????????????LSM???????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????
  • ?????LSM???????????????????
  • ??????????????,????????????????????

19
??LSM
  • ????(??????)????
  • ??????????
  • ??????????
  • SiB2?SiB??????,???????????????????.
  • ?????,?????????
  • (Kim, Agata et al.2001)

20
LSM?Output
  • ????
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????????????(Routing)???LSM?????? ? Routing
    Model?????
  • ?????
  • ?????????
  • ???????,??
  • ???????????GCM?????

21
????
  • ????????????(gridded)???
  • ???????
  • ?GPCC?,1?????(http//daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIG
    N_DOCS/FTP_SITE/INT_DIS/readmes/gpcc.html)
  • ?????????
  • ?GPCPGPCP2?/???????,1?????(http//precip.gsfc.
    nasa.gov/ http//orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad/g
    pcp/)
  • ??????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ECMWF(??),NCEP(??)????????????????

22
????????
  • GPCP???????http//orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/arad
    /gpcp/maps/frontmap.gif

23
?????LSM?????
  • ?????????????LSM????,?????????????????LSM????????
    ?GLASS
  • ????????????????????????????????????ISLSCP
  • 1987,1988??????6???,1????????
  • 2003??,19861995???????????????ISLSCP2
  • ISLSCP??????????LSM??????????????????????????????
    GSWP
  • ????????????
  • 2003???ISLSCP2?????GSWP2?????
  • GLASS??????ALMA
  • ??????????????????????http//hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac
    .jp/agata/archive/ALMA/
  • ???????????

24
GSWP??????LSM?????????
  • 1987?1988???.

25
LSM????????Routing??
  • ????????????????????????0.5????
  • ???TRIP??(????)
  • ???????????

http//hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/taikan/TRIPDATA/
26
??????? 0.5??????
????????????????????
27
???????? (Oki et al, 1998)
  • ??????????????GRDC????????
  • ????????????????????????????
  • ????????OK.
  • ???????????????????
  • ISLSCP??????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????

28
???????????
29
???????????
  • ?????????,?????????????????????? ?
  • ?????????????????????????
  • Vorosmarty et al, 2000. Science
  • 0.5?????????????
  • ???????????????????????????

30
0.5???????????
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ???????????????WRI(???????)??????.???????FAO????
    ?????
  • ???????????0.5????????????

31
0.5???????????1(????,????/Oki, Agata et al. ,
2001)
  • ???????CIESIN?2.5????????

32
0.5???????????2(????,????)
  • ??????????????????????0.5????????

??
????
33
0.5???????????3
  • ???????,???Kassel??0.5?????????????????????????
    ?????

34
0.5???????????4
  • ?????????????????????

35
???????????
  • ?????W,????????Q,??C???
  • ?????????Q/C
  • ?????????? W/Q(Rws)
  • ?????

36
?????????
  • ?????????,1700m3/?/????????????????(Falkenmark,
    1988)
  • ????????????????

37
??????????
  • ???????0.4?????
  • ???,??????????????????????????OK???????. ???.

38
???????????
  • ????????,??????????????????????????????????
    ????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????(??????)????????
  • ?????????

39
????
  • ?????2050?
  • ?????(2CO2)GCM????????
  • ????????
  • GDP?????? (????????????)
  • ?????????(20????)

40
??????
  • ??????????????

2050?
1995?
41
??????????
42
??????????(???,2002,2003)
  • ???????????70??
  • ????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ?????????????????????.???????????????????
  • ???????

43
?????????(???,2002,2003)
  • ???????????,??????(??4????)?Smart
    Farmer"???????
  • ??????????????????EPIC????,??????
  • ???Daily
  • ????????????????????????????

44
???????
  • 1987????????????????(0.1?????)

???
45
??????????????Virtual Water
  • Virtual Water????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????.
  • ??????????????

?????,2002.?http//hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
/Info/Press200207/Doc/MiyakeMizuFinal.doc
46
????????
  • ????????????????????????????????,????????????
    ????,?????????????????.
  • ????????
  • ???????????????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • Virtual Water?????????????????????????????? ?
    ???????

47
????????????
48
????????
  • ????(pseudoscience)????????????,???????????????
    ?????????
  • ?????????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ????????

49
??????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????????????,???????????.
  • ????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????.??
    ?????????????????
  • ??????
  • ?????????,????????????????????????????????????

50
??????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????(????????????)????????????????.??????????
    ?????
  • ????
  • ???????????????.
  • ???,????????????????????????????????????????

51
?????????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????????????(??????)
  • ????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????

52
??????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????,?????
  • ?????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????????

53
Thank You! ????????????
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