Operating System Principles ?????? Chapter 3 ??

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Operating System Principles??????Chapter 3 ??

• ??
• ABRAHAM SILBERSCHATZ
• Yale University
• PETER BAER GALVIN
• Corporate Technologies
• GREG GAGNE
• Westminster College
• ??
• ??? ??? ???

2
Chapter 3 ????

• 3.1 ??
• 3.2 ????
• 3.3 ?????
• 3.4 ?????
• 3.5 lPC?????
• 3.6 ??/??????

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Chapter 3 ????

• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????,???????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????,????????????????????,???????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????

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3.1 ??

• ??????????????????CPU?????????????????
  (jobs),????????????(user programs),(?????,task)?
• ?????????? (?Microsoft Windows)??????????????????
  ??????????email?????????????????????,?????????????
  ??,????????????????,??????????,???????????

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• 3.1.1 ??
• ????????????????????? (????????,text
  section)??????????????????? (Program
  counter)?????????????
• ????,??????????? (?????????????,???????)?????
  (stack),?????????????(data section)????????
  (heap),?????????????????????,?????????3.1?

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• 3.1.1 ??
• ????????,????? (passive) ???
• ???????????,??????? (program counter)
  ???????????,?????????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????
• ???????????mail?? (??????????)
• ???????????????? (???????????)
• ????????????,???????????????

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• 3.1.2 ????
• ?????????????????? (state)????????????,???????????
  ???????
• ??? (new)?????????
• ?? (running)???????
• ??(waiting)?????????(???????????????)?
• ?? (ready)??????????????
• ?? (terminated)????????

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• 3.1.3 ?????
• ??????????????????????? (Process control block,
  PCB)??????? (task control block),??3.3??????
  (PCB)?????????????,??
• ???????new?ready?running?waiting?halted??
• ?????????????????????

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• CPU?????????,??????????????? (accumulator)??????
  (index register)????? (stack pointer)?????????
  (general-purpose register)?,???????? (condition
  code)???????,?????????????????????,?????????????,?
  ??????????????? (??3.4)?
• CPU????????????????? (priority)?????(scheduling
  queue)?????????????
• ???????????????????(base register)??????(limit
  register),???(page table)????????????????(segment
  table)?
• ???????CPU????????????????????????
• ??/????????????????/????,????????? ???

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3.2 ????

• ?????????????,????????????,????CPU??????????????CP
  U????????????,??????????????????????
• ????????,??????(process scheduler)?CPU????????????
  ??(?????????)?
• ?????????,???????????????????????,??????????????CP
  U??,????????

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3.2.1 ???? ????????,?????????(job
queue)??,?????????????????????????????????????????
????? (ready queue)???????????????????????????????
?????????????????PCB (Process Control
Block),?????)????
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?????????????????????????????,??????????
(dispatched)?????????CPU??????,????????????? .???
??1/0??,??????1/0???? .?????????????????????? .???
?????CPU(?????????),??????????
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• 3.2.2 ???? (scheduler)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? (scheduler)????
• ???????,??????????????????????,???????spooling????
  ????????? (?????) ,??????????
• ?????? (long-term scheduler, ?? ?????? job
  scheduler) ??????????????????????
• ??????
• ?????? (short-term scheduler, ?? CPU scheduler)
  ??????????????????,??CPU????
• ????CPU??????,???100???????

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• ????????? ????????? (degree of multiprogramming)
• ?????????????,???????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????,???????????
• I/O ???? (I/O-bound process) ,?I/O?????????????
• CPU ???? (CPU-bound process) ,????????I/O??????

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• ????,?????,?????????????????????????????
  (medium-term scheduler)???????????????????????????
  ???(????CPU??????)??????????????
• ??,??????????????????????????????????? (swapping)?

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• 3.2.3 ????
• ?????????CPU????????????,???????????????????????,?
  ????????CPU???????? (context),????????,???????,???
  ?????,??????
• ?? CPU????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ?(context switch)?

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3.2 ?????

• ????????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ??

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• 3.3.1 ?????
• ??????????,???????????????????????????????????
  (Parent process),???????????(children
  process)????????????????????,?????????? (tree of
  processes)?

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3.4 ?????

• ?????????????????????????????
• ???? ??????????????????????
• ???? ??????????????????????
• ????????????,??????,???????
• ???? ?????????????????(??,????)??
  ?,???????????????????????????
• ???? ?????????????????,??????????,
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????,??????
  ????? ??
• ???????????????????????

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• ??????????????????????? (interprocess
  communication, IPC) ,???????
• ????? (shared memory)
• ???? (message passing)

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• 3.4.1???????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????,??????????????????????
• ???????????,????? ???-???????,??????????????????(
  producer)??????,???(consumer)??????????
• ???-???????????????????,????????????????
• ????? (unbounded buffer)
• ????? (bounded buffer) ,?????,???????,?????,??????
  ?

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• ?????????????
• define BUFFER_SIZE 10
• Typedef struct
• . . .
• item
• item bufferBUFFER_SIZE
• int in 0
• int out 0
• ?? in ???????????,?? out ??????????????
• in out, ?????,(in1) BUFFER_SIZE ) out
  ,?????
• Solution is correct, but can only use
  BUFFER_SIZE-1 elements

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• 3.4.2 ??????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ???????,IPC????
• ????????chat?????,??????????????????
• ????????????
• send
• Receive
• ??????P?Q?????,?????????,??????????????send
  /receive?????
• ???????
• ????????
• ?????????

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• 3.4.2.1 ??
• ???? (direct communication)???,???????????????????
  ????????????????????,send()? receive()?????????
• send (P, message)??????(message)???P?
• receive (Q, message)???Q??????(message)?
• ?????(indirect communication)??,?????(mailbox,????
  ,port)??????????? Send()? receive() ??????????
• Send (A, message) ??? (message)?????A?
• Receive (A, message) ???A?????? (message)?

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• 3.4.2.2 ???
• ?????????(blocking)????(nonblocking),?????
  (synchronous)???? (asynchronous)?
• ???? (blocking send)???????,??????????????
• ????? (nonblocking send)??????????????
• ???? (blocking receive)?????,?????????
• ????? (nonblocking receive)???????????????

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• 3.4.2.3 ???
• ??????????,?????????????????????
• ???
• ?????
• ??????

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3.5 IPC ?????

• ???????IPC??
• POSIX API ??????
• Mach ?????????
• Windows XP

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• 3.5.1 POSIX ?????
• ??????shmget () ???? (SHared Meomry GET) ,
  ???????
• segment_id shmget (IPC_PRIVATE, size, S_IRUSR
  S_IWUSR)
• ????? ???,????? ?????????,????? ?????? (???)
• ???????????????
• ?????????????,shmat (SHared Memory
  ATatch)????????
• shared_memory (char ) shmat (id, NULL, 0)
• Parameter 1 ????????????, Parameter 2
  ????????? (NULL the OS selects the location on
  the users behalf), Parameter 3 ???? (0 ?????)
• ???????????????????,???????????,??shmat()
  ?????????????
• Sprontf ( shared_mmory, Writing to shared
  memory)

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• ??????????????????,?????????
• shmdt ( shared_memory)
• ?????????? shmctl() ??????,??????????????????
  IPC-RMID

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• 3.5.1 POSIX ?????

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• 3.5.2 Mach
• ????????????,???????Carnegie Mellon???????Mach????
  ?Mach??????????????,?????????,????????????
• Mach???????(???????????????????)???????????????(?M
  ach?????,port)?????
• ?????????,?? (Kernel )????? (Notify)????????
• ??????????????,????????????? (Notify port)
• ????????????
• msg_send() ??????????
• msg_receive() ??????
• msg_rps() ?????? (remote procedure call RPC)
• port_allocation() ??????????????????????? (8?)

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• ??????????????,????????????????,????????????
• ?????????????
• ????n??
• ?????,????
• ??????,????????????????
• ????

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• 3.5.3 Windows XP
• Windows XP??????????????,????????????????????????
  ????Windows Xp ???????????,???????????????????????
  ???(subsystem)???????????WindowsXP??????????
• ?Windows???????? ???????? (local procedure call
  facility, LPC) , ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ???????? ???????
• ??????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????,???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????

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• Windows XP ?????,???????????????????
• ???? ????????????????
• ???? ?????? (section object) ????

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3.6 ??-??????

• 3.6.1 ??(Socket)
• ??(Socket)??????????????????? (?????)?????????IP??
  ?????? (Port number)????
• telnet ?????? 23, ftp 21, http 80
• ?????????????????,??????????
• ??1024?????

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• Java ???????????
• ?????? (connection-oriented (TCP) socket),
  ??Socket????
• ??????? (connectionless (UDP) sockets),
  ??DatagramSocket ??
• MulticastSocket ??,??DatagramSocket
  ??????,?????????????????

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• 3.6.2 ??????(RPC)

• RPC ????????????????????????,?????IPC?????,???????
  ?????????
• RPC ????????????????????????????????
• RPC ?????????? stub ??????
• ??????????????????stub ,????????????,RPC ????????
  stub ,?????????????????
• ??????????,?????????????
• ?????
• ????????,????????RPC????

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• 3.6.2 ??????(RPC)

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• 3.6.3 ??????(RMI)

• ?????? (remote method invocation, RMI) ???? Java
  ??
• RMI ???????????????????
• ????????Java?????????????
• RMI ? RPCs ?????????
• RPCs ???????????,????????????????,RMI
  ??????,????????????
• ?RPC ??????????????????,?RMI??????

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• ?? A ? B ?? someMethod () ????????stub
• stub ??? A ? B ?????????????,?????
• ????skeleton???????someMethod()
• ????skeleton??? someMethod ??????????,??????????
• ???? sub ?????,????????????