Accessory Organs of Digestion

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Accessory Organs of Digestion

• Liver produces bile which helps in breaking down
  fats
• absorbs fat-soluble vitamins ADEK.
• also maintains blood sugar levels by storing
  extra glucose as glycogen

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• The liver makes amino acids
• monitors the production of cholesterol and
  detoxifies (makes harmless) poisons
• If the liver is unable to change a substances
  harmful form, it stores it.
• In this way, toxins are accumulated and may cause
  disease. For example cirrhosis (scar tissue in
  the liver).

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• 2. Gallbladder- storage sack for bile produced by
  the liver. About the size of your thumb.

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• 3. Thyroid gland- regulates metabolism, energy,
  growth and development and the activity of the
  nervous system.

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• 4. Parathyroid glands- tiny glands found on the
  thyroid gland.
• Responsible for regulating calcium levels.
• Calcium is necessary for blood clotting,
  formation of bones and teeth, and normal muscle
  function.

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• 5. Pancreas produces 2 hormones that control
  blood sugar.
• (1) Insulin lowers glucose (sugar) circulating
  in the blood
• It causes the muscles to take in the sugar to be
  used for sugar
• (2) Glucagon raises blood glucose
• It causes the liver to release glucose that was
  stored as glycogen

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• Diabetes (through sugar) is a serious disorder in
  which cells are not able to obtain glucose from
  the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose
  levels.
• The kidneys excrete the sugar through urine.
• The cells use stored body fat for energy.

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• Two types of Diabetes
• Type I (aka insulin-dependent diabetes)- about
  10 of total diabetic population and usually
  occurs before the age of 20. Hereditary
  autoimmune disorder in which the persons immune
  system attacks the cells of the pancreas, causing
  low insulin levels. Treated with daily injections
  of insulin.

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• Type II (non-insulin-dependent) often have an
  abnormally low number of insulin receptors, while
  the insulin level is normal.
• Type II often develops in people over 40 as a
  consequence of obesity and an inactive lifestyle.
  Usually treated with diet and exercise and
  sometimes medication other than insulin.