Chapter 12 Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa

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Chapter 12 Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa
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Ge graphy of Africa
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Climate Zones of Africa

• Tropical rainforests
• Africas largest and most populated climate zone
  is the Savanna, or grassy plains. The savanna
  generally has good soil and enough rainfall to
  support farming.

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Climate Zones of Africa

• Another climate zone in Africa is the desert. The
  Sahara, in northern Africa, is the biggest desert
  in the world. The desert is very dry therefore,
  farming is almost impossible.
• Mediterranean Climate

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Ge graphy of Africa
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• Variety of climates
• Dependence on Nature
• Animism-

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• How would this affect trade?

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• Until

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Kingdoms Of West Africa
Mali, Ghana, and Songhai were among the richest
of the West African states. They dominated the
Sahara trade.
Two products that dominated the Sahara trade were
gold and salt. These commodities, or valuable
products, were plentiful.
Sahara Trade Routes
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The Gold-Salt Trade
West Africa
North Africa
wanted SALT
wanted GOLD
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Gold for Salt

• Two products, gold and salt, dominated the Sahara
  trade.
• Gold was plentiful in present day Ghana, Nigeria,
  and Senegal which is in West Africa. They would
  trade their gold for salt with North Africa.
  North Africa was in need of gold and West Africa
  was in need of salt.
• Salt was very important. People needed salt in
  their diet to prevent dehydration, especially in
  hot, tropical areas.

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Ghana Mali Songhai
Around 1240 AD the kingdom of Mali was
established. Malis kings were called mansas. The
greatest king of Mali, Mansa Musa, expanded
Malis borders and worked to keep peace. He
converted to Islam and actually fulfilled one of
the five pillars of Islam by making the hajj. He
formed diplomatic and economic ties with other
Muslim states, and set up a rich trading capital
city, TIMBUKTU
The largest state that ever existed in West
Africa, Songhai continued to grow wealthy off of
trade. Like Mali, Songhai was also a Muslim
State, but it will only last for 100 years before
splitting into many independent states and ending
the ra of unified West African Kingdoms.
Around 750 AD , the people used iron weapons to
unite the people in the kingdom of Ghana. It was
called the land of gold. Ghana grew wealthy
from its strategic location inbetween to
gold-salt trade route
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African Civilization

• Over thousands of years, migrations contributed
  to diversity of African people and their
  cultures. West African farmers and herders moved
  to the south and east between 500 and 1500 AD.
  They spoke a variety of languages that all came
  from the African root language, Bantu.

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Other African States
Benin -Developed in the rain forest -Captured
other Africans and traded them with Europeans in
the 16th Century Ethiopia -Developed from the
African Christian Kingdom Axum -Eastern capital
Ethiopia traded with Muslims in the Indian Ocean
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Regents Questions

• The wealth and power of Malis ruler, mansa musa,
  were significant because they contributed to the
• Start of the crusades
  c) Spread of Islam
• Growth of European nationalism d)
  Rise of Arab nationalism

• 2) The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana
  and Mali resulted from
• Imperialism c)
  cultural diffusion
• Ethnocentrism d) self-
  determination

3) Which civilization best completes the heading
of the partial outline
____________ a)spread of Islam b)Gold and salt
trade c) Growth of Timbuktu d) Pilgrimage of
Mansa Musa

• Benin
• Mali
• Kush
• 4) Egyptian

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Regents Questions
4) Which description best characterizes the city
of Timbuktu

1. Port of the water route to east Asia
2. Major urban and industrial center on the Silk
   road
3. Commercial and cultural center of West Africa
4. Inland city of the Hanseatic league

5) Which economic activity was the basis for most
of the wealth and power of the West African
empires of Ghana and Mali

1. Hunting and gathering
2. Farming and cattle ranching
3. Trading in salt and gold
4. Working in bronze and brass

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Answers

1. c. the spread of Islam
2. c. cultural diffusion
3. c. Mali
4. c. commercial and cultural center of West Africa
5. c. trading in salt and gold

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The End