????????? ??????? - Multicasting

1
????????? ??????? - Multicasting
2
???????? ?????????? ???????
?????????? ??????
??????? ???????????????
- ????, ?? ????????????? ??????
- ????, ????????????? ??????
3
???????? ?????????? ??????? (Steve Deering ? 1988
?.)

• ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??
  ?????????? ?????? (????? D - 224.0.0.0 ? ????) ??
  ????????? UDP
• ???????? ??????
• - ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
• - ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????
• - ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????
  ????????
• ???????????? ??????
• - ???? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ??????
  ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?
  ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????
  ???????

4
?????????? MBONE
????????? ? 1992 ???? ?????????? 20 ????? ?
??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????
mrouted ? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????
??????????????? ????????????????
5
?????? ?????????? ?????? (multicast)
1
1
1
0
????????????? ?????? (ID) 28 ???
?????? ?????? D
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 Well known ??????
224.0.0.255 -238.255.255.255 ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ? Internet
238.255.255.255 - 239.255.255.255 ????????? ??????, ?????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????
6

• ?????????? ?????? (permanent host groups) ?????
  ????????????????? (well known) ??????????????
• 224.0.0.1 ??? ???? ?????? ????
• 224.0.0.2 - ??????, ? ??????? ?????? ???
  ?????????????? ? ????,
• 224.0.1.7 - ?????? ??????????? ?????-????????.
• 224.0.1.9 ??? ?????????????? RIPv2
• - ?????????? ? RFC1700 Assigned Numbers

7
??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? (scope)
?????????????? TTL ????????, TTL3 - ????? ?????
???????? 2 ?????????????? ????????? ?????
?????????? ?? ????, ? ?????? ?????? ?????
UDP/TCP
8
??????????? ????????? ??????? IP ?? ?????????
?????? Ethernet
?? 00005e000000 ??
00005effffff ???? MAC-???????, ????????????
?? IANA. ?? 00005e000000 ??
00005e7fffff - ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???
????????? ?????????. ????????? 01- ???????
?????????? MAC- ??????, ????? ?????????
???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? IP-??????? ??
01005e000000 ?? 01005e7fffff
9
IP-multicast
??????? 23 ???? ?????? ??????
5 ???
Ethernet-multicast
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
0
01
5e
224.128.64.32 (11100000 10000000 01000000
00100000) ? 224.0.64.32 (11100000 00000000
01000000 00100000) ???????????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??
MAC-????? (??????)
01005?004020
10

• ??????? ???????? ???????????????
• ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??
  ??????????????? ??? ????

2. ?????? IP ????????? ?????, ????????? ?
????????? IP, ????????? ??? ? ???????????
????????? ???????
3. ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????????
????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????.
11
????????? ?????????? ???????
IGMP
DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM
12
Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)

• ????????? ?????????????? ????????, ???? ?? ? ???
  ???????? ????? ?????
• ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????
  Host Membership Query (HMQ) ? ??????? ???????
  ??????
• ???? ???????? ??????????? Host Membership Replay
  (HMR), ???????? ????????? ?????, ?? ???????? ???
  ????? ???????? ??????

13
Distance-Vector Multicast Routing ProtocolDVMRP
?????? - ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?
?????????
???????? ?????????? ???????
RPF-????
?? RPF-????
1. ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????
?????????? ?? ?????, ??? ? ? RIP 2. ??? ??????
?????? ? multicast-??????? ???????????? ???????
?? ?? ? ????????? ????? - Reverse Path
Forwarding Port (RPF) - ???? ???, ?? ?????
????????????? - ??????????? ?????
14
Distance-Vector Multicast Routing ProtocolDVMRP
???????? ?????????? ???????
prune
RPF-????
?? RPF-????
3. ?????, ???????? ? RFP-?????, ????????????????
?? ??? ????? - ?????????? ???? 4. ?????????
?????????????, ?? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ??????
??????, ???????? ????? RFP-???? ????????? prune -
???????? ??????
5. ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? prune ??
?? RFP-????? ? ???? ??????????????? ???????????
??????
15
?????????? DVMRP

• ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????
  multicast-???????? ????? (dense mode)
• ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????
  ?????????? - ??????????????? ??????????
  ?????????? - ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????!
• ? ??????????? ????? (sparse mode) ???????? DVMRP
  ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????
• - ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????
  ???????????? ??????
• - ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? DV, ?????????? ???
  ?????????? ??????? ????????????? (????????
  ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????
  ?????????????)

16
???????? MOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPF, RFC
1584
1. ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?? IGMP ????????
? ??????? ? ??????????????? ??????????????
????? 2. ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ???????????
??????????? Group Membership - ?????????
???????? 3. ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????
?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
?????? ??? ?? ??????????, ??? ? ? DVMPR ???
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? 4. ???
????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????? ?????
?? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????? ????????
????????? ? ?????? Sparse Mode ??????????
17
Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse
Mode(PIM-SM)
??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????
?????? (??? ??????????)
???????? ?????????? ???????
RP
??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????
??????????? Rendezvous Point - ???????
?????????????
18
?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? PIM-SM
1. C ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????
???????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?
???, ?? ?????? ??????????? IP-?????? ?????????
RP, ????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? 2.
?????? ?????????????-?????????? (? ???????? ????
??????? ? ??????? ??????) ???????? ?? ?????? RP
????????? joint ? ????????????? ? ????????????
?????? 3. ????? ???? joint ??????????????
????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????
?????? 4. ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? RP
?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????,
????????????????? ? ????????? ??????????? 5. RP
???????? ????????? ????????? joint, ????? ????
???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????????
?????? - ??? ???????????? ? ??????
19
???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????
1. MBGP BGP Multiprotocol Extensions
??? ?? ???? MBGP ???????????? ?? ??????
????????? ? ??????? ? AS ??????????? ??????????
?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
20

• ???????? MBGP
• ? ????? AS ????????? ????? ????????
• ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? AS ?
  ????????????? ????????? ? ?????? AS? MBGP ??
  ????????? ??? ??????????

MBGP ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????
???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? PIM-SM
21
????? ?????????????? ???????? Multicast Source
Discovery Protocol, MSDP PIM SP ?????? AS
22
1.     ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????
????????, ?? ?????????????? ? ????? RP ?????? ??
PIM. 2.     ???????? MSDP, ?????????? ? ??????
??????, ???????????? ????????????? ??????
????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????
???????? ??????? (Source Active, SA) ???? ?????
MSDP, ? ???????? ? ???? ????????????????
???????????? TCP-??????????. 3. ????????? SA
????? ???????????? ???????????  4.
MSDP-????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? SA,
????????? ???????????? RPF-???????? ??
??????????? ?? SA ?? ?????? ?????? MBGP 5.    
?????? ?????? MSDP-???????, ??????? ????????
?????? RP, ?????????, ???? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?
?????? ?????? ? ??????. 6.     ???? ????? ??????
????, ?? RP ???????? ????????? ????????? PIM ?
????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ???????????? ?
????????? SA 7. ????????? ? ?????????????
???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????, ?????????
??????????? ????, ???????????? ? ???????
????????? MBGP, ? ???????? ? ???????????????
????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????
?????? . 8. ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????
??????????, ????? RP ???????? ?????????? ??????,
? ??? ????? ? ????? ????????.
23
?????????? ??????? MBGP/PIM/MSDP

• ?????????? ??????? 3 ?????????
• ????????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????????
  ????????? SA ????????????????? ????????????
• ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????
  MSDP ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????,
  ??? DVMPR, ?????? ????? ????????

24
?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????
???????

• ??????? BGMP (Border Gateway Multicast Protocol)
  ????? ????????????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ? ????? RP ??? ?????????? ???????
• ??????? ? ???, ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????
  RP ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????
• ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????
  ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? MASC (Multicast
  Address-Set Claim (?????? DHCP) ?????
  ?????????????? ?????????? AS ?????? ???
  ?????????????? ????? ???????????