????????? ? ??????????-????????? (??????????????), 1949

1

• ?????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?
  ??????????????, ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????
• ??????? ???????,
• ???????????? ???????????,
• ?? ????????
• ???? ??? ? ??????

2
????????? ???????????

• ??????? ???
• ???? ???????????? ?????????? ? ???
• ???? ? ????? ???????????
• ???????
• ???? ??????

3
??????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????

• ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????
• ????????? ? ??????????-?????????
  (??????????????), 1949 ??? (? 97) ???
  ???????????? ??? 86, ?????????? ?????????? ??????
  ??????????
• ????????? ? ??????????-????????? (??????????????
  ?????????), 1975 ??? (? 143) ???
• ????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ????
  ??????????-????????? ? ?????? ?? ????? 1990 ????.
  ???
• ??? ????????? ??? ? ????????? ??? ??????????
  ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???? ???????????
  ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????
• ? 2006 ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????
  ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? --
  ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????
  ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?
  ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????
  ????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????
  ????????????? ????????? ???, ?????????? ? ????
  ?????????????? ?????????????, ???????????
  ????????????? ? ??????????.
• ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ?
  ????????? ????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?
  ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????
  ?????????

4
?????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????
???????? ????????

• ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???
• ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???,
  1948 ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????
  ???? ??????? ????????????? 1965, ????????? ?
  ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ? ?????????
  ?????? 1979, ????????????? ???? ?? ?????????????,
  ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? (1966),
  ????????????? ???? ? ??????????? ????????????
  ?????? (1966) ????????? ? ?????? ?
  ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????
  (2000) ? 2 ????????????? ????????? ?
  ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????
  ????? ?????????
• ????????? ????????????? ???
• ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????
  ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ?
  ????????? ??? ?????????? 4 ????? ?????? ?
  ???????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????
  ????????. ????????????? ??????????-??????
  ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???????
  ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????????
  ??????????? ?????????? ??? ? ???????? ???????????
  ????? (????.??????????, ?????, ???. ??????,
  ?????????????) ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?
  ????????? ????? ?????.
• ??????? ??????????? (???, ?????? , ?????????)
• ???????????? ???????? (????????/??????,
  ???????/??????)
• ???????????? ?????????? (E?, ???)
• ??????? ???????????? (?????????, ????????, ???,
  ?????????? ?????????, ?????????)
• ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
  ???? (????????)

5
??? ? ?? ? ??? ????????

• ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?
  ??????????? ? ?????????? ??? ???. ?????
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• ??????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
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• ????????? ?????? ? ? ????????? ????????? ??????
  ?????? ???????????? ???. ???????
• ??? ?????? ????????? ????. ??? ????????? ??
  ??????
• ????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??
• ?????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????
  ? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????
  ???? ????????? ????? ?????
• ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????
  ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ??????

6
???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??

• ????? ???????????
• ????, ???????????? ? ???????????????? ??????????
• ??????? ?????????, ?????, ?????????????????,
  ??????????? ????????????? (???????????)
• ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????
• ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?
  ???????????-?????????? ? ?????????????????
  ????????
• ?????????? ?????? (??????????)
• ??????? ?????????? ????????????
• ??????? ???????????
• ?????????? ? ??????????????? ????? ?????????????
  ?? ?????????? ?????????
• (??. ???????????? ??? 86, ?????????? ??????????
  ?????? ?????????? )

7
???? ?? ? ???

• ??????????? ??????
• ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?
  ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????
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• ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ? ????????????
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• ???????????? ????????????????? ??
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  ???????????? ?????
• ???????? ?????????? /???????????? ?????? ? ??????

8
???? ?? ? ???

• ???????????? ??????
• ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ????? ??????????? ?????
• ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????
• ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????-????????? ? ??
  ??????????????
• ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????
  ?????????

9
????????? ?????? ??????

• ????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?
  ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? (?????? ??
  ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????)
• 11 ?? (?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????) 7 ??
  ?????????? ???????????? (??? ? ?????????
  ????????)
• ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????
  ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????
  ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ????????,
  ????????, ??????
• ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ???????????
  ?????????? ? ?? ????? ???????????
• ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?
  ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????????????,
  ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????????????
  ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????
  ??????????

10
???????? ????????? ??? IT ????????????
(????????? ??????? ?????)

• ??????????? ? 2000, ??????? 75 000 ????????? ??
  ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?
  ??????????
• ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? 30.000
  ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??.
• ? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? 5 ???
• ? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????????
  ??????????? ????? ??????, ?/? ? ?????? ?????????
  ?????.
• ????????????? ???????
• ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????
  ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ?????????? ???????????? ??????
• ??????????? ????????? ???????????
  ?????????????????? ???????? ? ????????
• ?????????? ???????
• ? ????? ? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????????
• ????????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????
  ????????????? ? ???? ????????????? ????????????
• ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????
  ???????? ?????? ????????? ( ? ???, ??????) ???
  ?????????????? ??? ?? ??????????
• ???????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ? ????
  ???????

11
??????? ????????

• ??????????? ???????? ????????
• ? 1999 ???? ???????? ????????? ? ???????? ?
  ??????? (??????????? ???????) ????????? ?
  ????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????
  ?????? ?/? ?????????? ?? ????????, ??????? ?
  ??????? ??? ????? ??????
• ??????? ?????
• ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ?/?
  ???????
• ?????? ? ???. ?????? ????????? ???????
• ?????? ??????????
• ??????? ???, ????????????????, ?????? ? ?????????
  ?? ????????? ?????
• ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ????
• ??????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ???? ???
  ????????? (? ???????? ????????????????, ? ???.
  ???????????, ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??????
  ?????, ??????? ???.????????)
• ???????????? ? ?????? ??????????????
  ?????????? ?????-?????????? ????????????,
  ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????
  ??????????
• ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????
  ?? ???????? ???????
• ????????????? ??????
• ? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? 2
  ???????????? ??????
• ????????????? ????? (????? ? ?????????
  ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????
  ?????????????)
• ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????
  ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????,
  ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?
  ??????? ?????????????

12
??????? ????????????? ????????

• ????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ???????
  ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????????
  ??????????
• ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????-??????? (???) ?
  ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????
  (CGTP-IN) ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????????
  ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???
  ????????????? ??????????-?????????, ??????????
  ??????? CGTP-IN. ?????????????? ???????? ??
  ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????????-?????????
  , ??? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ?? ???????
  ?????????????. CGTP-IN ????????? ???????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?
  ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ?
  ?????? ???????, ??????????? ? ?????????.
• ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????,
  ??????
• ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????
  ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ???
  ????????????????? ???????, ???????????? ? ???
  ????????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??
  ????????? ????? ?????????, ??? ???????,
  ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????
  ??????, ? ????? ?????????????? ????????????
  ???????????? ? ????????????????? ????????????.
• ?????? ????????? ????? ????????
  ???????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?
  1966 ???? ? ???? ??????????? ? ????? ? ?????????
  ??????? ???? ? ????????. ??? ??????? ???????????
  ??? ??????????????? ???????????
  ??????????-????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?
  ????????? ????? ? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?
  ??????????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????, ? ?????
  ???????? ?????????? ????????, ? ?????? ???????
  ???????.
• ????????
• ????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ??????
• ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????. ???????
• ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????
  ?????
• ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????
  ????????????? ? ????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??
  ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???.
  ???????? ? ???????? ?????

13
???????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????
?????????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????

• Partnership and Cooperation Agreement ???????
  ???????? ? ???? 1 ???? 1999.
• European Neighborhood Policy ? EU-Georgia
  Action Plan ????????????? ? ???????????? ??,
  ?????????? ? ???? ? 14 ??????, 2006.
• Joint Declaration of Prague Eastern Partnership
  Summit ??????????? 7 ???, 2009.
• ?????????? ? Mobility Partnership ???????????
  ??????????????? 16 ????? ?????? ?? , ???????????
  ????????? ? ??????? 30 ??????, 2009.

14

• ???? Mobility Partnership

• ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????? Mobility
  Partnership ?? 30 ??????, 2009 ??????????
  ???????? ???? ?????????????? ? ????? ????????
• ????????????? ???????? ??????
• ?????????? ????????????? ????????
• ????????? ????? ????????? ????????,
• ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????
  ??????????? ????????
• ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?
  ???????????
• ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????
  ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?
  ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????. ???
  ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?
  ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????, ?
  ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????
  ?????. Partnership for Mobility ??????????????
  ????? ????? ????????? ????????, ??? ?
  ???????????, ??? ? ? ???????????? ???????

15

• Mobility Partnership
• ? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?
  ?????????? 17 ????????, ? ??????
• ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????
  ???????? ??? ????????? ? ????????
• ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????
  ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????
• ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????????
  ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????
• ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??
  ???????????
• ??????????? ????????? ???????????,
  ??????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????
  ?????????????? ? ??????
• ?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?
  ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ????????????
• ?????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
  ? ??????? ???????
• ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????
  ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ????????? ( ??????)
• ??????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?
  ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????
  ?????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???????
  ?????????? ? ???????? ???????????

16

• ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?
  ?????? Mobility Partnership ?????????? ??
  ?????????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?
  ??????????? ????????????
• ? ?????? ???????? 2011 ???? , ??? ????????
  ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?
  ??????
• 13 ???, 2011 ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ??????
  ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??
  ?????????????? ??????????, ??????? ? ???????? ?
  ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ? 8 ????? ?? ???
  ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????
  ???.
• ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??
  ???????
• ????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? ?????????, CIM/GIZ
• ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? ?????
  ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?
  ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ? ????????,
• ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?
  ???????????? ?????????..
• ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????
  ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?
  ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????
  ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?? 2011-2012 ??
  ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????
  ??????? ???????????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ??????

17

•  

Mobility Partnership and Government of Georgia

• ? ?????? ????????? ,,Mobility Partnership ????
  ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ????????
  ???????????? ??? ??????????? ? ????????
• Civil Registry Agency, under the Ministry of
  Justice of Georgia,
• Staff of the State Minister on Diaspora Issues,
• Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign
  Affairs,
• Ministry of Economy and Sustainable development,
• Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the
  Occupied Territories, Accommodation and Refugees
  of Georgia,
• Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Affairs,
• representatives of the ministry of Finance,
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia,
• Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia
• and other assigned ministries.
• ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????
  ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ? ???? 2012 ????.

18
??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????
??????

• The document adopts a comprehensive approach to
  migration addressing all the policy dimensions,
  from departure to return and reintegration.
  Perhaps not surprisingly, it focuses on the
  migration of Georgians abroad and their return to
  and reintegration in Georgia. The attention
  devoted to migrants within the country is
  limited, with the exception of references to the
  integration of refugees and internally displaced
  persons and the need to detect migrants in an
  irregular situation within the territory of
  Georgia.
• Part 3 of the draft Strategy describes the main
  institutions participating in migration
  management in Georgia. It is not clear how the
  work and activities of these institutions are
  coordinated internally. It appears that the State
  Commission on Migration Issues (p. 6) plays the
  most significant role because it has competences
  to formulate the National Strategy on Migration
  (i.e. the draft document under review), to
  improve migration management, and to prepare
  proposals for the Government regarding migration
  management as well as amendments to legislation
  and international agreements. However, it is
  described only as a consultative body (p. 6).
• The Labour Ministry is not identified as a
  relevant institution in Part 3 of the draft
  Strategy. From an ILO perspective, this is a
  concern given that labour questions such as
  legal migration, temporary legal employment
  abroad, regulating legal immigration, return
  and reintegration of Georgian citizens
  including in the labour market, and recognition
  of professional skills and education gained
  abroad are included as some of the main
  directions of the draft Migration Strategy.
• There is no reference to social dialogue and the
  role of employers and workers organizations in
  the formulation and implementation of legislation
  and policies in the field of labour migration,
  which is a concern from the ILO standpoint given
  that employers and trade unions are key
  stakeholders in the world of work.
• Two of the principles on which the draft Strategy
  is based are the rule of law and protection of
  the human rights and fundamental freedoms (p.
  3). However, there is no reference in the
  document to any international human rights
  instruments or international labour standards,
  including the specific conventions protecting
  migrant workers, such as the ILO Migration for
  Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97),
  the Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions)
  Convention, 1975 (No. 143) and the UN
  International Convention on the Protection of the
  Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of
  Their Families, 1990. Another relevant instrument
  is the European Convention on the Legal Status of
  Migrant Workers, adopted by the Council of Europe
  in 1977. Furthermore, the draft Strategy makes no
  reference to any plans to ratify any of these
  instruments. In this regard, it is noteworthy
  that Georgia has accepted a recommendation made
  in the context of the Universal Periodic Review
  (UPR) mechanism of the UN Human Rights Council to
  consider ratifying the 1990 Convention on Migrant
  Workers. Therefore, it would be appropriate to
  include this intention in the draft Migration
  Strategy.

19
??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????
??????

• Ratification of the aforementioned international
  instruments would also put Georgia in a stronger
  position to negotiate bilateral agreements on
  temporary and/or circular migration that afford
  appropriate rights protections to its nationals
  going abroad for employment. For example, the
  negotiations with France on a circular migration
  agreement would benefit from ratification of ILO
  Convention No. 97, which France has also
  ratified. With regard to the concept of circular
  migration, care needs to be taken, particularly
  in respect of circular migration schemes for
  less-skilled migrants, in order to ensure they
  are not channelled into precarious employment
  where access to fundamental labour rights, such
  as the right to join a trade union and to bargain
  collectively, may not be available to them, or to
  avoid situations where they may be discouraged
  from exercising these rights.
• The draft Strategy refers throughout to
  fighting or combating illegal migration and
  to illegal migrants. This language is
  inappropriate. The preferred terminology in ILO
  and other international organizations is
  irregular migration and migrant (workers) in
  an irregular situation, which is in accordance
  with the UN General Assembly Resolution 3449 of 9
  December 1975 that urges the use of the terms
  nondocumented or irregular in defining those
  workers that illegally and/or surreptitiously
  enter another country to obtain work.
• With regard to irregular migration, the draft
  Strategy proposes that the competences of
  agencies responsible for combating illegal
  immigration should be best streamlined towards
  detecting illegal migrants present on the
  territory in accordance with the principles of
  Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (p. 13). It is
  important to refer to the Labour Inspection
  Convention, 1947 (No. 81) albeit Georgia has
  not yet ratified this instrument and the view
  of the ILO Committee of Experts on the
  Application of Conventions and Recommendation
  that a primary function of labour inspection is
  to ensure appropriate conditions of work and the
  protection of workers, and not to detect the
  presence of migrant workers in an irregular
  situation.
• The draft Strategy also refers to the need to
  enhance an institutional mechanism or to create a
  new one with the authority to monitor the entry
  into and stay of irregular migrants in Georgia
  and to ensure their return. It is proposed that
  the mechanism should include the establishment of
  public custody centres, in accordance with
  international standards. It needs to be recalled
  here that the administrative immigration
  detention of migrants in an irregular situation
  should be viewed as a last resort measure and
  that alternative measures to detention should
  first be considered. The recent report focusing
  on the detention of migrants in an irregular
  situation,1 presented by the UN Special
  Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants to the
  UN Human Rights Council, is helpful in outlining
  the governing principles in this area.
• The draft Strategy does not include a
  gender-sensitive approach that could help
  identify how women and men migrant workers can be
  experiencing differently the migration process
  and thus, be affected, by migration policies.1
  See UN document A/HRC/20/24 (2 April 2012),
  available at http//www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodi
  es/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-24_
  en.pdf