Neural Networks

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Neural Networks
2
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1. ?????
2. ????????? ???? ????
3. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????

3
??? ??? ?????
4
??? ?????? (AI)

• ???? ??? ???? ?????? (ANNs)
• ???? ???? (FL)
• ??????? ?????? (EC)
• ?????????? ????? (GAs)
• ???? ???????

???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????
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(No Transcript)
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ANNs ????????? ?????

• ????? ???? (????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????)
• ????? ???? ? ??????? ???????
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ANNs ????????? ?????

• ???????? ?????? ??????
• ??? ???? ??????
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ANNs ????????? ?????

• Aerospace
• High performance aircraft autopilots, flight path
  simulations, aircraft control systems, autopilot
  enhancements, aircraft component simulations,
  aircraft component fault detectors
• Agriculture
• Agri-product classification, inspection, grading
  and sorting, soil and yield modeling, prediction
  and estimation, modeling, regression and
  non-linear curve-fitting, fault diagnoses and
  detection,
• Automotive
• Automobile automatic guidance systems, warranty
  activity analyzers
• Banking
• Check and other document readers, credit
  application evaluators
• Defense
• Weapon steering, target tracking, object
  discrimination, facial recognition, new kinds of
  sensors, sonar, radar and image signal processing
  including data compression, feature extraction
  and noise suppression, signal/image identification

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ANNs ????????? ?????

• Electronics
• Code sequence prediction, integrated circuit chip
  layout, process control, chip failure analysis,
  machine vision, voice synthesis, nonlinear
  modeling
• Financial
• Real estate appraisal, loan advisor, mortgage
  screening, corporate bond rating, credit line use
  analysis, portfolio trading program, corporate
  financial analysis, currency price prediction
• Manufacturing
• Manufacturing process control, product design and
  analysis, process and machine diagnosis,
  real-time particle identification, visual quality
  inspection systems, beer testing, welding quality
  analysis, paper quality prediction, computer chip
  quality analysis, analysis of grinding
  operations, chemical product design analysis,
  machine maintenance analysis, project bidding,
  planning and management, dynamic modeling of
  chemical process systems

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ANNs ????????? ?????

• Medical
• Breast cancer cell analysis, EEG and ECG
  analysis, prosthesis design, optimization of
  transplant times, hospital expense reduction,
  hospital quality improvement, emergency room test
  advisement
• Robotics
• Trajectory control, forklift robot, manipulator
  controllers, vision systems
• Speech
• Speech recognition, speech compression, vowel
  classification, text to speech synthesis
• Securities
• Market analysis, automatic bond rating, stock
  trading advisory systems
• Telecommunications
• Image and data compression, automated information
  services, real-time translation of spoken
  language, customer payment processing systems
• Transportation
• Truck brake diagnosis systems, vehicle
  scheduling, routing systems

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??? ?????? ???? ????
Bankruptcy prediction modeling with hybrid
case-based reasoning and genetic algorithms
approach  Applied Soft Computing, Volume 9, Issue
2, March 2009, Pages 599-607 Bankruptcy
prediction using support vector machine with
optimal choice of kernel function
parameters  Expert Systems with Applications,
Volume 28, Issue 4, May 2005, Pages 603-614Jae
H. Min, Young-Chan Lee A threshold-varying
artificial neural network approach for
classification and its application to bankruptcy
prediction problem  Computers perations
Research, Volume 32, Issue 10, October 2005,
Pages 2561-2582 Hybrid neural network models for
bankruptcy predictions  Decision Support Systems,
Volume 18, Issue 1, September 1996, Pages
63-72 A multivariate neuro-fuzzy system for
foreign currency risk management decision
making  Neurocomputing, Volume 70, Issues 4-6,
January 2007, Pages 942-951
16
??? ?????? ???? ????
Forecasting currency prices using a genetically
evolved neural network architecture  International
Review of Financial Analysis, Volume 8, Issue 1,
1999, Pages 67-82 ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????
????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????   ????????
??????? ???,????? ???? ????,???? ?????????
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???????

• ANN has past through three phases
• 1940s 1970s, 1970s 1980s, 1980s
  Now
• Major contributors
• - McCulloch Walter Pitts (Mathematical model)
• - Donald Hebb (Hebbian Rule)
• - Rosenblatt (Perceptron)
• - Widrow Hoff (Delta rule)
• - Minsky Papert
• - Kohonen
• - Grossberg
• - Hopfield
• - Rumelhart McClelland (Backpropagation)

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From experience examples / training
data Strength of connection between the neurons
is stored as a weight-value for the specific
connection. Learning the solution to a problem
changing the connection weights
A physical neuron

An artificial neuron
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???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? MLP
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????? (RBF) ? ???????? (BP) ?-????? ???? ????
?? ??? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
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• ????? ?? ??????? ?? ANN? ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???
  ???? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???????
  ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??
• ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??
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  ???? ?? ????? ???.
• ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???? ??? (LMS) ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????
  ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??
  ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????
  ?????? (?????) ?????? ????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???
  ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????
  ??????. ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???
  ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
  75 ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
  ???????.
• ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???
  ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??
  ????.

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???????? ???? ?????? (Gradient Descent)

• ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? E ??? ??? ????? ?? ????
  ????? ???. ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???
  ?? ????? ?????.
• ???????? GD ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ?? ??? ?? ????? ???.
• ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???
  ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
  ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???.

E ½Si (Ti Oi)2
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??? ????? ???????? BP

• ?????? ???????? BP ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??
  ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???
• ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????
• ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???.
• ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??
  ????? ???? ????? ?????.
• ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ???
  ???? ???? ????? Overfitting ?? ????? ???.

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???? ????? ? overfitting

• ??? ????? ???????? BP ?????
• ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????
  ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???. ??? ??? ???????
  ???? ?? overfitting ???.

Validation set error
Error
Training set error
epoch

• overfitting ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???
  ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???
  ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ??
  ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????
  ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????.
• ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??
  ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
  ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.

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MLP Feed Forward- Back propagation
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?????? ?? ??? ???
Inputs
Output
?????? ?? ??? ???
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???? ???? ????? ??? ??????

• ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????
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  ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????

????? ?????
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(?????? 1387)? (????1387)
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x1 x2 T
0 1 0
1 1 1

P1 P2 Pn

• P2 ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????
• ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? 1 ?????? ????? ?? ??
  1 ????

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???? ?????? (1?1)
1
1
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???? ?????? (1?1)
2
1
3
1
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???? ?????? (1?1)
2
1
5
3
1
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???? ?????? (1?1)
2
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5
0
3
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x1 x2 T
0 1 0
1 1 1

???? ?????? (1?1)
P2
2
1
5
0
3
1
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???? ?????? (1?1)
wi wi ?(T O) xi
Must increase weights!
2
1
5
0
3
1
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????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????
?? ??? ???? (?????)

• 1- ????? ????????? ????? ? ?????
• 2- ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??
• 3- ?????? ????? (????????) ????? ???? ???? ????
• 4- ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????
• 5- ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???
  ??????? ???????? ???? ? ?????????? ??.

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Initial Neural Net
Training
Training Set
Data set
Trained Neural Net
Testing
Testing Set
Trained Net with Performance Measurement
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  ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? (????) ??
  ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????
  0?1 ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??
  ????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????
  ??? ????? ?? ????.
• ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
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  ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??
  ???? ???? ???.

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  ???? ???.
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  ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

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????? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???

1. ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????
   ??????? ????? ????. (???????)
2. ?????? ???????????????? ???????? (??? ???) ?
   ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????
   ????????. (???????).
3. ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? MATLAB ? ?? ???
   ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? (NeuralWare
   Professional II, Statistica Neural Networks,
   NeuroSolutions, )

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Software
NeuroSolutions
MATLAB
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NeuroSolutions
????? ???
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NeuroSolutions
????? ???
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NeuroSolutions
????? ???
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NeuroSolutions
????? ???
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NeuroSolutions
????? ???
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NeuroSolutions
????? ????
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??? ?????? ???? ????
1. ?????? ???? ???? ??
2. ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????
3. ???? ?? ?? ??? 0 ?? ?? ???? ????
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???? ????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? MATLAB
1. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? (????? )
2. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????(????? )
3. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? (?????)
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???? ????-????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? MATLAB
1. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? (????? )
2. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????(????? )
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??????? ???
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C\Program Files\NeuroSolutions 5\Excel\Demos