Preparation design and its underlying learning theories (??????????????)

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Preparation design and its underlying learning
theories (??????????????)

• ????????????
• ???

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Objectives

• After learning this topic, you should be able
• ----- to know something about the underlying
  theories of preparation design.
• ----- to have a clear idea of the instructional
  objectives,
• ---- to master teaching techniques and teaching
  strategies of designing and organizing warming-up
  activities

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Stage 1 Experience

• Activity 1 Do and say
• 1. Drive a car.
• 2. Ride a bicycle.
• 3. Fly a kite.
• 4. Play football. Football, football.
• 5. Im cold / hot.
• 6. Brush the teeth. Brush, brush, brush.

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• 7. Wash your clothes. Wash, wash, wash
• 8. An elephant can walk. Walk, walk, walk.
• 9. A fish can swim. Swim, swim, swim.
• 10. A rabbit can jump. Jump, jump, jump.
• 11. An egg can roll. Roll, roll, roll.

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Activity 2Do and sing.

• You put your right hand in.You take your
  right hand out.You put your right hand in,And
  you shake it all about.
• You do the hokey pokeyand you turn yourself
  aroundThats what it's all about.

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• 2) left hand 3) right foot4) left foot5) left
  shoulder6) right shoulder
• 7) left elbow
• 8) right elbow9) whole self

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• Activity 3 Lets play games.
• 1. Whats this?
• 2. What is missing?
• 3. Word spelling.

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Stage 2 Exploration

• 1. What can you learn from the above warming-up
  activities?
• In what aspects do warming-up activities
  facilitate new learning?
• What are the objectives of preparation design?

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4. What influence you in decision making ?

• Suppose you are required to design preparation
  for the following topics, what emerge in your
  mind at the first few minutes of your design?
• (1) Asking the way.
• (2) Animals

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• 5. Whats your definition of instructional
  design(????????????)?
• 6. What are the general principles and
  assumptions that underlie instructional design
  (????????????????????? )

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Stage 3 Exchange

• 1. From taking part in the above activities,
  I _________.
• 2. By taking part in warming-up activities,
  students can ___________.
• 3. The objectives of preparation design is
  ______.
• 4. Instructional design is _____.

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Learning hierarchy

• The significance of the hierarchy is to identify
  prerequisites that should be completed to
  facilitate learning at each level and to provide
  a basis for the sequencing of instruction?
• (????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????????).

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Nine instructional events and corresponding
cognitive processes???????????????)

• 1. Gaining attention (reception)(????-??) 
• 2. Informing learners of the objective
  (expectency)(????-??)
• 3. Stimulating recall of prior learning
  (retrieval)(????????- ??)

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Objectives of preparation design

• 1. Motivate the learners to learn (????)
• 2. Activate the learners prior knowledge
  structure and prepare for new learning
  (????????,???????)
• 3. Review and create prerequisites for new
  learning (??, ???????????)

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What is instructional design?

• ---- ??????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????, ?????????????????(??1992???????)
• ----- ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????(???1994?ltlt????gtgt

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• ----?????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ???????????
• (?????2002? ltlt??????gtgt

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• ----?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,????????????????????????????.
  (????2005?ltlt???????????????gtgt

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• At the most basic level, the instructional
  designers job is to answer three major questions
  
• (1)    What are we going? (objectives) (??)
• (2) How will we get there? (strategy and medium
  ) (?????)
• (3) How will we know when we have arrived? (
  Assessment) (??)
• (Mager. 1984)

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• General principles and assumptions that underlie
  instructional design
• 1. ID is a systematic process (????)
• 2.ID has a problem-solving orientation(????)
• 3.ID is a learning and learner centered?(?????????
  ?)

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• 4. ID has a goal of efficient, effective, and
  appealing instruction. (?????????????????)
• 5. ID insists on congruence among objectives,
  instruction and evaluation (????????????)
• 6.    ID is both theoretic and empirical
  (?????????)

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Stage 4 Extension

• 1. Please watch some teaching cases and find
  out how the teachers help the pupils to complete
  prerequisites for new learning.
  http//pett.gxtc.edu.cn/index.php?m16

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• 2. After watching the cases, please comment on
  the teachers preparation design from certain
  theorectical perspectives.

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Important concepts

• 1. Schema
• ????(Schema theory) /????
• 2. Prerequisites (??????)
• 3. Conditions of learning (????)
• 4.?????????????

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• By prerequisites, we refer to a recalled
  entity which is essential to the new capability
  being learned (essential prerequisites ) or may
  aid the new learning by making it easier or
  faster (supportive prerequisites) .
• Robert M. Gagné, (1991)

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• Essential prerequisites ----Simpler component of
  intellectual skills (rules, concepts,
  discriminations).
• Supportive prerequisites ----Attitudes,
• cognitive strategies, verbal information.

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• The significance of the hierarchy is to identify
  prerequisites that should be completed to
  facilitate learning at each level and to provide
  a basis for the sequencing of instruction?
• (????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????????).

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????????

• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• (???, 2005)

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Stage 4 Extension 2

• Book 3 Module London Unit 1
• London is the capital of England.
• Lingling Whats this?
• Amy Its a book about London.
• Lingling Its very nice! London is the capital
• of England.
• Amy Yes, its very big. It s very nice!

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????????

• 1.??????????????
• 2.?????????????????
• 3. ?????????????????? ??????????????
• 4.??????????????????????????????
• (???(2005)

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• Click on the bananas, please.
• Lingling What are you doing, Ms Smart?
• Ms Smart Im shopping.
• Lingling Shopping? On the computer?
• Ms Smart Yes. Will you help me?
• Lingling Yes, of course.

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Stage 5 Evaluation

• 1. What are underlying theories of preparation
  design?
• 2. What is the instructional objectives of
  preparation activities?
• 3. What teaching techniques and teaching
  strategies of designing and organizing warming-up
  activities should we master?

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• 4. Key words for further study
• ??????
• ??????
• ????
• ????????
• ??????????