The Cold War

1
The Cold Wars End

• Leaders, Policies, and Life After the Cuban
  Missile Crisis

2
After Cuban Missile Crisis

• Hot-line established, linking the US and USSR
  governments directly
• Test-Ban Treaty (1963) US, USSR, and Britain
  halted all nuclear testing above ground, in
  atmosphere and under water
• 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty states
  agree not to seek nuclear weapons or help others
  obtain them. 137 nations sign this

3
Détente

• Need for a lessoning of tensions
• SALT Agreements Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
• Both sides enter the 1970s saying they will do
  anything possible for détente

4
Chernobyl

• 1986 a nuclear power plant accident occurred in
  the Soviet Union
• 31 deaths, many others exposed to radiation (by
  1990s 6-8,000 people die of radiation related
  illnesses)
• Need to prevent irresponsible development of
  nuclear energy

5
Khrushchev

• After Cuban Missile Crisis Khrushchev lost
  prestige
• Soviet leaders voted to have Khrushchev removed
  from power in 1964
• Same day China exploded its first A-Bomb
• Replaced by Leonid Brezhnev

6
Brezhnev

• Policies to end domestic dissent
• Government censors control what is published
• No more freedom of speech or worship
• Dissidents are removed and expelled from the
  country

7
1968 Prague SpringCzechoslovakia

• What kind of reforms were created?
• What do you think Soviet response would be?
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSVIp5lUJhCssafety_
  modetruepersist_safety_mode1safeactive

8

• Prague Spring ends with Soviet invasion
• Many reforms that pushed for more democratic
  society are reversed
• Soviet troops occupy the country to keep control
• The USSR has the power to stop communist parties
  from losing power in any satellite states

9
Brezhnev Doctrine

• Any member of the satellite countries who tried
  to turn away from Soviet control and Communism
  would be dealt with harshly and forcefully
• Once you are communist, you cant turn back!
• See Doctrine

10
Poland

• Corrupt leaders in govt. and rising food prices
  lead to riots and strikes
• Workers form a union called Solidarity in 1980
• 1st independent trade union in USSR history
• 1981 Polish communist leader plans to establish
  Martial Law, (backed by USSR)
• Take Solidaritys right to exist away and arrest
  leaders

11
1979 Invasion

• Brezhnev ordered the invasion of Afghanistan to
  support an unpopular Communist regime
• Moscow Olympics are boycotted by US in 1980 in
  response

12
Gorbachev

• Brezhnev dies 1982
• and his first two successors
• die within 3 years.
• In 1985 a young, educated
• Gorbachev is elected by
• Communist leaders to take
• over as general secretary
• His reforms would both help
• the Soviet Union and lead to
• its downfall

13
Gorbachevs Policies

• Glasnost, or openness, encouraged Soviet citizens
  to discuss ways to revitalize their society,
  could criticize the government
• Perestroika, economic restructuring meant to
  rejuvenate the Soviet economy
• Demokratizatsiya democratization of system

14
Glasnost

• Religious freedom is permitted
• Dissidents are released
• Relaxed control of literature and arts
• Encouraged public debate on issues
• Reporters actively investigated stories and
  exposed even some govt. officials for corruption

15
Perestroika

• Lessen govt. control of businesses
• Some small businesses could be privately owned
• Managers have more control over their farms and
  factories

16
Demokratizatsiya

• Election of new legislature Voters actually get
  to vote on Communist party candidates (previously
  they only ratified those chosen by party leaders)
• Allowed political parties in addition to the
  Communist Party
• Encouraged political debate
• Boris Yeltsin elected, he became a rival of
  Gorbachevs later as he moved to have the
  Communist system done away with for total reform

17
Reagan

• Elected 1980
• 1983 Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
  30 billion spent with no results
• Massive military spending in an attempt to tip
  the balance of power

18
Intermediate Nuclear Forces

• Gorbachev and Reagan sign the INF Treaty banning
  nuclear missiles with ranges of 300-3,400 miles

• Gorbachev also withdraws troops from Afghanistan
  in 89
• Encourages Eastern bloc leaders to try new
  policies to stimulate their economies, making
  them less dependent on Soviet aid

19
August Coup The End of the USSR

• Hardliners try to overthrow Gorbachev,
  (short-lived)
• Protesters rally at the Russian parliament
  building, led by Yeltsin
• Military leaders refused to attack
• Coup failed, but citizens were enraged at
  Communist party
• Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary that
  Christmas

20
Eastern Republics

• After failed coup, Latvia, Estonia and other
  Baltic states declare their independence
• By December 1991, all 15 Republics of the former
  Soviet bloc were independent
• Yeltsin took power in Russia 1st elected
  General Secretary of USSR and then 1st President
  of Russia

21
Commonwealth of Independent Nations

• Yeltsin helped to form the Commonwealth of
  Independent States
• Symbolic organization, possessing coordinating
  powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking,
  and security

http//en.rian.ru/infographics/20100821/160274561.
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