Land of the Rising Sun

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Chapter 9
Land of the Rising Sun
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• Brief Japanese History Lesson
• Japan had a highly developed civilization by time
  of Western contact during Age of Exploration
• 1543 Portuguese traders entered Japan with
  Christian missionaries they were welcomed
• They brought new ideas and technology that
  strengthened Japans wealthier shoguns (feudal
  lords)

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Tokugawa Shogunate

• Shoguns unified Japan under military bureaucracy
• Shoguns monopolized contact with European
  outsiders and didnt allow any Japanese to leave
  (under penalty of death)
• 1639 Japanese government closed its doors
• Isolation begins in Tokugawa Shogunate (clan of
  hereditary military dictators)

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End of Isolationism

• 1853 small fleet of US naval vessels entered
  Japan (during US imperialism)
• U.S. forces trade agreement signatures to open
  Japan to international trade and political
  relations
• Reformers (Meiji) seized control of Japanese
  government

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• 1868-1912 Meiji Restoration Era
• Hundreds of Japanese sent to west (USA/Europe) to
  study
• Recruited experts from Western nations to teach
  everything
• Japan became more democratic
• Equality between all men
• New school system
• Rapid BUT selective industrialization

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• 1895-1945 Age of Imperialism
• Japan lacks resources (oil/iron)
• Western imperialism example followed take over
  weaker nations to exploit for resources
• Created vast colonial empire by occupying Korea,
  Taiwan, Eastern China, Manchuria, Indonesia, SE
  Asia (after WWI gained Germanys Pacific
  holdings)
• Many areas today still harbor resentment about
  brutality suffered at Japanese hands
• Military Dictatorship - glorification of military
  and readiness for war became part of culture.

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• Japan in World War II
• Aligned with Axis powers of Nazi Germany Italy
  in 1936
• Declared war on China and US cut off exports as a
  result
• Sun. Dec. 7, 1941 90 minute surprise attack
  of US naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
  (territory at the time) to weaken US
• Sank 12 ships, demolished hundreds of planes,
  killing 2,500 wounding 1,200 Americans
• US had been isolated until that point declared
  war on Japan next day and Germany/Italy three
  days later
• Beginning of long/costly Pacific War

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Pearl Harbor
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During the War

• American public got fully behind war factories,
  rationing, Remember Pearl Harbor!
• 1942 120,000 Japanese (many US citizens) placed
  in internment camps in US fear of spies and
  saboteurs (dismantled in 1944)
• Japan had many victories in Pacific but US broke
  secret codes tide turned
• June 1942 in Battle of Midway US crippled
  Japanese navy
• Fighting continued for 3 more years until 1945

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To End the War

• April 1945 US President Roosevelt died,
  President Truman took over
• Decided to drop the bombs developed in secret
• Aug. 6 Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima
• Aug. 9 Fat Man dropped on Nagasaki
• Aug. 15 Japan surrendered after 200,000 died
  from blast, fires, radiation
• Every major city destroyed by US (except Kyoto
  for historical/architectural significance)

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Atomic bombs dropped on Japan
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(No Transcript)
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• 1945-1952 U.S. Occupies Japan
• Military leaders removed from power
• Emperor stripped of political power reduced to
  symbolic status
• Armed forces disbanded
• Forbidden to rebuild military
• Introduced democratic constitution with economic
  reforms
• Antiques from this time period are stamped Made
  in Occupied Japan

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• 1960s RAPID Economic Success - How?
• Highly educated workforce
• Workplace attitude
• Relative location
• Govt. planning selective industries like auto
  (Toyota), electronics (Sony)

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Japan Today

• Predicted to surpass US economy in 2010didnt
  happen
• GDP was 2nd but surpassed by China and India
• Since 1980s, Japans economy has been declining
• Deflation a decrease in the prices of goods and
  services
• Fewer jobs and lower salaries, Japanese are
  saving rather than spending
• Many college grads cant find jobs
• Japan has oldest population, shrinking
  population, shrinking workforce so lower
  productivity weaker demand over time
• Immigration could help but Japan doesnt allow
  many into country

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The Manhattan Project
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