5-2.4 Conflict with Native Americans

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5-2.4 Conflict with Native Americans
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• Essential Question What conflicts involved
  Native Americans in the West?

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Native Americans and Mexican Americans

• Spanish immigrants from Mexico brought horses to
  the Native American culture.
• Horses became an important part of the Native
  American life. They were used to hunt buffalo. It
  changed Native
• American life for the better.

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In the Beginning

• Few people traveled to the West, so this caused
  little difficulty for the native population.
• Most people were moving as quickly as possible
  through the plains to the far west to Oregon or
  California
• Once people entered the Great Plains and started
  settling there and building homes, problems began
  with the Native Americans.

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The Native Americans of the Great Plains believed
the lands promised by the US government in 1830
would be theirs forever.

• BUT NOW..

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The United States government wanted the Great
Plains region to be open for expanding railroad
lines, growing farms and ranches. The United
States government offered money and goods to
Native Americans for the land.
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Native Life Changes

• Miners, homesteaders, and ranchers began to
  settle and build homes and fences. They pushed
  the Native Americans from their hunting grounds.
• The hunting grounds of the Plains Indians were in
  the way of this progress.
• The buffalo, sacred to the Native Americans, was
  endangered by westward expansion and the
  railroad.

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Buffalo
Click on buffalo

• The Plains Indians used every part of the
  buffalo in some way to help them survive the
  harsh life on the open plains. They only killed
  what they needed. This type of hunting had little
  effect on the herds.

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People moving in began to shoot bison to provide
food for RR workers and telegraph crews. Later,
companies would have bison shooting contest. The
animals killed were left to rot in the sun.
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More Troubles

• Trains brought more people to settle and supplies
  for those already there. Railroads with their
  tracks and noisy engines got in the way of the
  traditional way of life for the Plains Indians.

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Chief Red Cloud and other Sioux chiefs began to
fight back.
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Cooperation

• Chief Red Cloud finally agreed to a treaty with
  the US government that gave the Sioux a huge area
  of land for their use in the Black Hills of
  Dakota.

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Treaty Broken

• When gold was discovered in the Black Hills, the
  US attacked the Sioux again!
• General George Custer fought to push the Native
  Americans off the land.

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Crazy Horse- New Leader of the Sioux

• The Sioux and the Cheyenne tribes join together
  and fight against General Custer on the Little
  Bighorn River.

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Why was the battle of Little Big Horn important?

• 1. Biggest victory for Native Americans ever won
  over US forces.
• 2. It led to the end of freedom for Native
  Americans.

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What happened next?

• The US sent more soldiers to the Black Hills and
  forced the Lakota to a new reservation.
• The Black Hills were open to gold miners and
  settlers from the US.

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Chief Joseph, leader of the Nez Perce
Attempted to escape to Canada when the U.S.
government decided to move them onto a
reservation. The Nez Perce surrendered because
they were promised land in Oregon. They were
taken to Oklahoma instead. This was another
promise broken by the US government.
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Nez Perce

• Chief Joseph and his followers suffered terribly
  from hunger, cold, and sickness
• They wandered for 15 weeks trying to get away but
  were finally caught about 40 miles from the
  border with Canada
• Knowing that his people were worn out and would
  die if they continued, Chief Joseph surrendered.

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Reservations

• A reservation is an area of land set aside for
  Native Americans.

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The Apache

• Led by Geronimo

The Apache lived near rivers in Arizona. Settlers
also wanted to live near rivers because Arizona
was so dry. US Government wanted to force the
Apache to move to a reservation on a dry part of
Arizona.
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• Geronimo lead the starving Apache from their
  reservation toward Mexico. The US army discovered
  their location.
• Geronimo and his warriors surrendered.

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Wounded Knee

• The last major conflict between the US and Native
  Americans occurred at Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
  
• Native American families decided to leave their
  reservation.
• When they surrendered, someone fired a shot, and
  about 300 were killed.
• The fighting at Wounded Knee ended the wars
  between the US and Native Americans.

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What happened to the treaty between the Sioux and
the US?

• A. The Sioux did not like the black Hills and
  broke the treaty.
• B. The federal government honored the treaty.
• C. It was broken when gold was discovered in the
  Black Hills.
• D. It was rewritten to include mining rights.

C
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What was the ultimate goal of Chief Joseph and
his Nez Perce tribe?

1. To find peace in Canada
2. To kill federal troops
3. To go back to Oregon
4. To mine gold

A
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Why were the Native Americans opposed to living
on reservations?

• A. they could not live in tents there
• B. they were crowded, had bad land, and no water
• C. they could not bring their families with them
• D. they had to live with many other tribes

B
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After the Civil War, thousands of Native
Americans were moved to reservations as part of
the US governments reservation policy. Which
statement best describes life on the reservation?

1. Native Americans often faced poverty and
   starvation.
2. Native Americans were able to continue their
   traditional way of life.
3. Native Americans refused to accept government
   food and supplies
4. Native Americans gave up hunting traditions but
   became successful farmers.

A