Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking

1
Lesson 8Psychologically Speaking

• --Lucretia Govedare

2
Contents
1
Part One Warm-up
2
Part Two Background Information
3
Part Three Language Study
4
Part Four Text Analysis
5
Part Five Detailed Study
6
Part Six Exercises
3
Part One

• Warm-up

• Have you seen any situation comedy?
• A situational comedy is a humorous drama based on
  situations that might arise in day-to-day life.

4
Background Information

• Contents

1. Sigmund Freud
2. Puritan
3. Quaker

5
I. Sigmund Freud

• Sigmund Freud was born on May 6,
  1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia,
  which is now in Czechoslovakia.
• When Freud was about three years old, the family
  moved to Vienna, the capital city of Austria.
• Freud was intelligent and hard-working at
  school, he decided to study medicine and become a
  doctor, so he enrolled in the medical school of
  the University of Vienna.

6
I. Sigmund Freud

• While he was still at university, Freud decided
  to specialize in neurology, the study and
  treatment of the brain and the nervous system.
  From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor
  in Vienna.
• In March 1938, Freud came to London to flee from
  the Nazis after the German annexation of Austria.
• In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield
  Garden, London.

7
I. Sigmund Freud

• What is Psychoanalysis?
• Freud Some Elementary Lessons in Psychoanalysis,
  
• Psychoanalysis is part of the mental science of
  psychology. It is also described as depth
  psychology... If someone asks what the
  psychical really means, it is easy to reply by
  enumerating its constituents our perceptions,
  ideas, memories, feelings and acts of
  volitionall these form part of what is
  psychical.
• 
  1938

8
I. Sigmund Freud

• As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the
  observation that individuals are often unaware of
  many of the factors that determine their emotions
  and behavior. These unconscious factors may
  create unhappiness, sometimes in the form of
  recognizable symptoms and at other times as
  troubling personality traits, difficulties in
  work or in love relationships, or disturbances in
  mood and self-esteem.

9
I. Sigmund Freud

• Works in a chronological order
• Studies on Hysteria (with Breuer) Project for a
  Scientific Psychology(unpublished) 1895
• The Interpretation of Dreams 1900
• The Psychopathology of Everyday Life 1901
• Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria
  1905  
• New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis
  1916
• Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
  1921
• The Future of an Illusion 1927
• Civilization and its Discontents 1930
• Moses and Monotheism 1939

10
II. Puritan and Quaker

• American history started in the New England area.
  During the 16th and 17th centuries, the whole
  European continents were controlled by Kings and
  Governments, priests and churches, noblemen and
  aristocrats. Church and state were not separated
  and therefore churches had great power at that
  time. The Puritans and the Quakers wanted to
  simplify forms of church ceremony. They were
  considered religious radicals. To escape
  religious persecution, the Puritans came from
  England to America. Those first settlers were
  considered the spiritual ancestors of American
  people. They had a profound effect on the shaping
  of the American character. By limiting the power
  of the government and the churches and
  eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a
  climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the
  individual. The concept of individual freedom is
  probably the most basic value in American.
  However, today Puritans are mainly remembered as
  a group of people who lived in fear of Gods
  punishment who lived and worked only for the
  glory of God who worked extremely hard, saved
  every penny, denied themselves of every worldly
  pleasure who did not sing, or dance or play
  music or wear colorful clothes who were obsessed
  with rules, discipline, responsibility,
  obedience, frugality.

11
1. Puritan

• Origin
• The term Puritan first began as a taunt or
  insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those
  who criticized or wished to purify the Church
  of England.
• In 1608, a group of Puritan separatists,
  attempting to escape religious persecution, fled
  England for the Netherlands. In 1620, a mixed
  group of Puritan emigrants (the Pilgrims) and
  adventurers from England sailed to America on the
  Mayflower and landed, accidentally, on Cape Cod
  in November 1620.

12
1. Puritan

• The term Puritan first began as a taunt or
  insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those
  who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church
  of England. In November 1620, a group of Puritan
  separatists, attempting to escape religious
  persecution, fled England on the Mayflower to
  settle in the New World. Within five months half
  of the original 101 colonists were dead.

13
1. Puritan

• Puritan refers to two distinct groups
• separating puritans, such as the Plymouth
  colonists, who believed that the Church of
  England was corrupt and that true Christians must
  separate themselves from it
• non-separating puritans, such as the colonists
  who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony,
  believed in reforming the established church but
  not separation, and who believed in forming
  churches through voluntary compacts. The idea of
  compacts was central to the Puritans conception
  of social, political, and religious organizations.

14
1. Puritan

• Puritans belief
• Like their counterparts in Britain they were
  extreme Calvinistic Protestants who viewed the
  Reformation as a victory of true Christianity
  over Roman Catholicism. They believed that the
  Universe was God- centered, and that man,
  inherently sinful and corrupt, rescued from
  damnation only by arbitrary divine grace, was
  duty-bound to do God's will, which he could
  understand best by studying the Bible and the
  universe which God had created and which he
  controlled.

15
2. Quaker

• Origin
• Religious Society of Friends
• Started in England around 1650, by many
  people, the most famous being George Fox. They in
  fact intended to start a movement to unify the
  splintered Christian churches, rather than to
  start a separate sect.
• The term Quaker, originated in England
  in the mid 17th century, refers to a member of
  the Religious Society of Friends.

16
2. Quaker

• Beliefs
• Quaker rebelled against the rigid hierarchy in
  the Anglican church, and met in homes or
  buildings, waiting upon God silently to make His
  presence felt and inwardly heard. Any person
  could be called by God to rise and preach upon
  any occasion of worship.
• They were, very family-oriented, far from being
  celibate. They also have historically not
  withdrawn from the world but have been very
  active in the cause of social justice for the
  poor and oppressed, education and humanitarian
  relief.

17
2. Quaker

• Two reputed origins of the Quaker
• he first refers to people "quaking" or trembling
  when feeling moved by the Holy Spirit to speak in
  Meetings for Worship.
• The other is George Fox was arrested in Derby in
  October 1650 and charged with blasphemy. George
  Fox was questioned intermittently over an eight
  hour period, during which at one point George Fox
  told the magistrates who tried him "Tremble at
  the word of the Lord". It was Justice Bennett who
  coined the name "Quakers" for the followers of
  George Fox

18
2. Quaker

• Rules of the Quaker
• simplicity, financial responsibility, work ethic,
  belief in the perfectibility of humankind

19
Part Three

• Language Study

• Word Study
• Phrases and Expressions

20
1. Word Study
21
1. Word Study

• 1. confess

v. to admit

• Examples
• After three hours of interrogation, he confessed
  everything.
• Simpson has confessed to taking the money.
• Years later Luke confessed to friends that he
  really fancied me.

Word formation
n. confession
22
1. Word Study

• 2. claim

v. a. to demand recognition that one has
the right to sth. b. to assert, say sth. is a
fact

• Examples
• He claimed to be the owner of the land.
• He claimed to be the best tennis player in the
  school.

More examples
23
1. Word Study

• n. a. a statement that you have the legal right
• to sth.
• b. an official request for money that you
• believe you have a right to
• c. a right to someones attention, love etc.

• Examples
• Did anyone make a claim to this bike?
• a claim for Social Security benefits
• Youve no claim on my sympathies.

24
1. Word Study

• 3. convention

n. a. generally accepted practice, esp. with
regard to social behavior and attitudes b.
a formal agreement between governments of
different countries c. a meeting for people
who belong to the same profession or
organization

• Examples
• The hand shake is a social convention.
• the European convention on human rights
• a teachers convention

Word formation
a. conventional
25
1. Word Study

• 4. crusade

• n. a struggle for the advancement of an
• idea, a principle, etc.
• v. to work hard for a long time to achieve
• sth. that you strongly believe is morally
• right

• Examples
• a crusade for equal rights
• a crusade against government corruption
• Theyre crusading against child abuse.

Crusade ????(????????)?????
26
1. Word Study

• 5. fuss

n. needlessly nervous or useless activity v. to
give too much attention to small, unimportant
matters

• Examples
• What is all the fuss about?
• I spent days fussing about the travel
  arrangements.

More examples
27
1. Word Study

• ????,??
• ???????,
• ??????
• ????
• ??????

• make/kick up a fuss
• make a fuss of/over someone
• make a great fuss about nothing
• fuss up and down

28
1. Word Study

• 6. pompous

adj. trying to make people think you are
important, especially by speaking or
behaving in a very serious and formal way

• Example
• The principal gave a very pompous speech about
  the portals of learning.

Word formation
adv. pompously
29
1. Word Study

• 7. reprimand

v. to tell someone officially that sth. they
have done is very wrong

• Examples
• The military court reprimanded him for failing to
  do his duty.
• He was reprimanded for playing truant.

30
1. Word Study

• 8. snoop

• v. to secretly try to get information that
• someone would not want you to have
• n. someone who tries to get secret information
• about others

• Examples
• Shes been snooping round asking questions.
• I hear they use detectives to snoop on employees.

31
1. Word Study
Word formation

• 9. speculative

n. speculation v. speculate adv. speculatively

• a. a. based on guesses or on a little
• information, not on facts
• b. bought or done in the hope of
• making a profit later

• Examples
• These figures are, at best, speculative.
• speculative investment
• We can only speculate on the reasons for his
  sudden resignation.

32
1. Word Study

• 10. stifle

• v. a. to stop someone from breathing
• b. to stop sth. from developing normally
• c. to stop a feeling from being expressed

• Examples
• He was almost stifled by the fumes.
• Businesses are being stifled by a lot of new
  laws.
• He stifled the urge to scream.

33
2. Phrases and Expressions

1. ways
2. under cover
3. put someone on ones honor
4. go off with someone/sth.
5. for certain
6. behave oneself
7. go ones separate

8. in some/large meas 9. open ones eyes to 10.
hang around ones neck 11. go through with 12.
beat about/around the bush
34
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 1. behave oneself

a. to conduct (oneself) properly b. to conduct
(oneself) in a specified way

• Examples
• The children do not know how to behave themselves
  decently.
• The witness behaved herself with great calmness.

35
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 2. go ones separate ways

to end a relationship with a partner and decide
to live or work apart

• Example
• The members of the band have decided to go their
  separated ways.

36
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 3. under cover

pretending to be someone else in order to find
out secret information

• Example
• Working under cover is one of the most dangerous
  types of police work.

37
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 4. put someone on ones honor

to count on ones promise

• Example
• The father put the boys on their honor not to
  smoke in the dorm.

Chinese
????
honor phrases
38
2. Phrases and Expressions

• cf.

• His contributions do honor to his university.
• The city built up a monument in honor of him (in
  his honor).
• I promise on my honor never to do such a thing
  again/ that it wont be done.

• ?????
• ??(????
• ???????)
• ?????

Translation
39
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 5. go off with someone/sth.

a. to start a new relationship with someone
after leaving the person you were previously
having a relationship with b. to leave with sth.
that belongs to someone else

• Examples
• Apparently hes gone off with someone he met at a
  conference last year.
• Someones gone off with my coffee cup.

Translation

1. ??
2. ??

40
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 6. for certain

without doubt definitely

• Example
• I think I met her in 2003, but I cant say for
  certain.

41
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 7. in some/large measure

measure phrases
to some/large degree

• Example
• Drunkenness and carelessness are in large measure
  responsible for automobile accidents.

42
2. Phrases and Expressions

• ???,??
• ???(??????)
• ???????,??????

• cf.
• The pride he felt is
• beyond measure.
• They returned our hospitality
• in full measure.
• She seems to have got the
• measure of the champion.

43
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 8. open ones eyes to

to make someone realize the truth about a
situation

• Examples
• He refused to open his eyes to the truth.
• It was this accident that opened my eyes to her
  true character.

eye phrases
44
2. Phrases and Expressions

• cf.
• be all eyes
• catch sb.s eyes
• look sb. in the eye
• make eyes at sb./ give sb. the eye
• with ones eyes closed/ shut
• close/shut ones eyes to sth.

• ?????
• ??????
• ????
• ????
• ?????
• ?????

45
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 9. hang around ones neck

to be your unpleasant responsibility or burden

• Example
• All the problems about the project are hanging
  around my neck.

46
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 10. go through with

to do sth. you had promised or planed to do, even
though it causes problems or you are no longer
sure you want to do it

• Example
• I cant believe that he went through with the
  divorce.

47
2. Phrases and Expressions

• 11. beat about/around the bush

to spend a long time getting to the main point of
what you are saying, especially because it is
embarrassing

• Example
• Stop beating around the bush and tell me the
  truth.

48
Part Four

• Text Analysis

• Have you got the key elements in the story?

• Setting of the play

• Protagonists of the play

• Theme of the play

49
Text Analysis

• Plot The conflict between Mrs. Kent and Eve and
• the fight of two men over Mrs. Kent
  with a
• happy ending.
• Setting A living room of an American
  middle-class
• family, at the end of 1930s.
• Protagonists Mrs. Kent, Mr. Kent, Eve Kent, and
• Professor Charles
  Waring.
• Theme People usually value more what they
• dont have or what they are
  about to lose
• forever.

50
Text Analysis

• Conflicts
• Chief conflict between the mother who wanted
  to stick to the traditional way of life and the
  daughter who yearned for change and freedom,
  especially, as is often the case, in love and
  marriage. This conflict of course is not new. We
  can easily recall many similar stories from
  Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet to famous love
  stories in our own culture. What is unusual was
  the way the conflict was resolved. It was
  resolved in a melodramatic way by a psychologist.
• Minor conflict the fight over Mrs. Kent between
  Mt. Kent, her husband, and the psychologist, who
  pretended to be her long-lost first husband
  coming back to claim her. It was interesting that
  the resolution of the first occurred at the same
  time when the second conflict was resolved. So
  the play ended in happiness for everybody.

51

• Part 1 (Paras. 1 12 )
• Part 2 (Paras. 1331 )
• Part 3 (Paras. 3252 )

Introduction of a middle-class family in America.
The conflict between Mrs. Kent and Eve Kent.
The visit of Professor Waring and his plan.
52
Part Five

• Detailed Study

53
Sentence Paraphrase 1

• Well, he gave his mother a new coat last
  Christmasbut he wouldn't think of givin me
  anything so personal-like. (Para. 6)

Personal gifts are more private and intimate.
They are only for special people.
54
Sentence Paraphrase 2

• I wouldnt go out with him, unless he wasnot
  when Im working for you. (Para. 10)

I wouldnt go out with him unless he was a decent
guy. I wouldnt do that so long as Im working
for you because I dont want to bring shame to
such a respectable family.
55
Sentence Paraphrase 3

• Why, her mother wouldnt have dreamed of marrying
  her father, it would simply have seemed childish
  to her! (Para. 15)

would have done probability of a past action
More examples
Her mother probably didnt think of marrying her
father at home or in the church. This social
convention was silly and childish for them.
56
Sentence Paraphrase 4

• Thats the whole trouble, our stupid, small-town
  way of doing things, always under cover. (Para.
  21)

being hidden or protected
That is the problem of our way of life. People in
our small town are usually ill-informed,
narrow-minded, and ridiculously conservative, and
always like to cover things up.
57
Sentence Paraphrase 5

• Of course were putting you and Dad on your
  honor, Mother. We dont expect you to be so
  childish as to lock me up in my room, call the
  police, or anything so naive as that! (Para. 23)

so as to
to count your promise
Of course we are counting on our promise not to
do anything stupid like trying to lock me in my
room or call the police.
58
Sentence Paraphrase 6

• Yes, I thought, I was happy ideally sobut, oh,
  Charles, it was a fools paradise! (Para. 39)

to feel happy and satisfied, and believe there
are no problems, when in fact this is not true
59
Sentence Paraphrase 7

• And the final uncertainty as to just where he was
  buried? (Para. 46)

concerning, about, with regard to
With regard to the place where he was buried, we
didnt find out for sure in the end.
60
Sentence Paraphrase 8

• Partially recovering, I wandered all over the
  world, hunting some clue to my identityhoping to
  establish some connection with my past. (Para.
  50)

the act of conducting a search for something
When I got a little better, I began to go from
one country to another, trying to find out who I
was and to get back my lost memory.
61
Sentence Paraphrase 9

• Finally, one night, I had a shock, it all came
  backmy former lifeand I am here to claim you,
  Bessie! (Para. 50)

You have the right to take away something
because it belongs to you.
Finally, one night, suddenly the memory all came
back, and I come here to take you away.
62
Sentence Paraphrase 10

• I can think of worse things than that, Bessie.
  (Para. 52)

understatement
That would not be such a terrible thing at all.
63
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question What kind of family do you
think it is from the introduction of setting at
the beginning?
It is a typical American middleclass family in
the 1930s. The husband is breadwinner of the
family. The wife stays home, taking care of
family and doing handiwork such as sewing which
is taken as natural and respectable pastime.
64
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question From the dialogues between Mrs. Kent
and Thelma, what are the important values that
Mrs. Kent holds?
Mrs. Kent was conservative and conventional for
she wanted Thelma to go out with a decent guy and
to behave herself at the party. She always wanted
to keep a respectable front and couldnt afford
to lose face for any improper behaviors of her
maid.
65
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question What did Eve mean?
Eve accused the old of being old-fashioned,
conservative, narrow-minded and primitive. She
thought people in her town were too interested in
property and social status, and were having a
vain, vulgar and hypocritical life which she
want going to lead.
66
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question What effect did Eves words on Mrs.
Kent when she said it was a fools paradise?
With time passing, the old lady was dying at the
meantime, with the inspiration of the friendship,
the boy was developing into an confident and
open-minded boy and no longer afraid of having
new friends.
67
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question Why did Mrs. Kent say she lived in a
fools paradise?
Eves words took effect on Mrs. Kent. She
began to think about whether her marriage was
happy or not and whether her husband loved her or
not.
68
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question Why did Mrs. Kent feel delighted?
After hearing Professor Warings suggestion,
Mrs. Kent thought its feasible and felt she was
still attractive. She was delighted and even paid
more attention to her appearance.
69
Detailed Discussion

• ?

Question What did Professor Waring mean?
We could say that it was Professor Waring who
have designed an interesting psychological
experiment, put it into reality and proved his
point of view. It was not only a research, but
also has helped the family solve the problem, so
it was a most interesting and worthwhile
evening.
70
Writing Devices

• The unity of time A play should represent an
  action that takes approximately the same amount
  of time as the play years should not pass during
  the hours a play takes.
• 2. The unity of place A play should cover a
  single physical space and should not attempt to
  compress geography, nor should the stage
  represent more than one place.
• 3. The unity of action A play should have one
  main action that it follows, with no or few
  subplots.

71
Writing Devices

• The play is an example of three unities.
• The unity of time Later afternoon.
• The unity of place The living room of the
  family.
• 3. The unity of action Mrs. Kent tried to
  prevent her daughter from going away and got to
  know whether her hausband still loved her.

72
Writing Devices

• I can think of worse things than that, Bessie.
  (Para. 52)

understatement
73
Writing Devices

• She was not without ambition.

Compare quite ambitious
The boy was undoubtedly a difficult pupil, for
he had a strong independent mind and was
impatient of accepted rules and conventions.
Compare hated/disliked with was impatient of
74
Writing Devices

• It does seem a bit damp in here, said Mark
  as the water soaked through his shoes.

I have never been mugged or physically molested
in any way, possibly because my large build does
not make me an ideal prospect for a hoodlum.
75
Grammar--Adverbial Clause of Condition

• Examples
• If it works out, if we decide on a permanent
  marriage, well come back and be married at home.
• He probably wouldnt even care if you went off
  with another man.

real condition (indicative mood)
unreal condition (subjunctive mood)
76
Grammar--Adverbial Clause of Condition

• Once, if a nation had twelve battleships it was a
  Great Power, and we could only obey.
• Suppose we are late, what will he say?
• In the event that our team wins, there will be a
  celebration.

77
Grammar--Adverbial Clause of Condition

• If you had been black we probably wouldnt even
  have met.
• If you lived there for a while, youd change you
  mind about her place.
• If we left now, we should arrive in good time.

78
Part Six

• Exercises

• I. Exercises in the Textbook
• II. Oral WorkGroup Discussion

• What was the experiment the psychologist was
  trying to make? Was he happy with the result of
  the play?
• Some young people in our country have also been
  talking about, even practicing cohabitation. They
  think this is cool, a revolution. Give your views
  about this. Think of some positive ideas and some
  negative ideas. Do you favor the idea of
  experimental marriage? Why or why not ?

79
Thank you!