Chapter 4 Notes

1
Chapter 4 Notes

• Life in the English Colonies

2
Essential Question

• What were some of the early steps toward
  self-government in the colonies?

3
ANSWER
4
Essential Question

• Why were Americans divided over the question of
  independence from England?

5
ANSWER
6
Essential Question

• What historical, geographic, social, and economic
  factors created ties and tensions between England
  and the colonies?

7
ANSWER
8
Essential Question

• In what ways did the British colonies find
  success?

9
ANSWER
10
Essential Question

• What are the similarities and differences in
  mercantilism and capitalism?

11
ANSWER

• In the late 1600s most countries in Western
  Europe practiced mercantilism, a program of
  creating wealth by carefully controlling trade.
  England profited when it had a favorable balance
  of trade, or when it sold more products to other
  countries than it bought from then England
  therefore wanted to decrease its imports, and
  increase its exports. As a result, the English
  concentrated more on importing and exporting to
  its colonies than to foreign countries.

12
ANSWER

• Capitalism is an economic system in which
  private businesses own and operate most
  industries and competition determines the cost
  of goods as well as workers pay.

13
Privy Council

• was a group of royal advisers in the English
  colonies who set royal policy.

14
Parliament

• was Englands national lawmaking body.

15
Bicameral Legislature

• is a lawmaking body made up of two houses.

16
John Peter Zenger

• criticized the royal governor of New York in his
  newspaper and officials accused him of being
  libel.

17
Libel

• is printing a false statement about a person
  that damaged his or her reputation.

18
Dominion of New England

• united the New England colonies under one
  government for James II.

19
Edmund Andros
20
Glorious Revolution

• occurred when James II was forced to flee
  England and Mary and William of Orange took the
  countrys throne without bloodshed.

21
Pop Quiz

• What is Parliament?
• What does libel mean?
• Who was Edmund Andros?
• What is a bicameral legislature?

22
Pop Quiz

• What was the Glorious Revolution?
• What was the Dominion of New England?
• What was the Privy Council?
• Who was John Peter Zenger?

23
Mini Question

• In what ways did colonists exercise control in
  their local governments and courts?

• Each colony had a governor,
• Representatives in an assembly, and
• Colonial courts.

24

• Why did James II establish the Dominion of New
  England, and how did the colonist react to this
  new government?

• He wanted greater control over the colonies.
• It upset the colonists.

25

• How did the Glorious Revolution influence the
  colonies?

• Colonists removed the royal governor of the
  Dominion and re-established their own assemblies.

26
Mercantilism

• was a program of creating wealth by carefully
  controlling trade by most countries in western
  Europe between themselves and their colonies.

27
Balance of trade

• is the stable relationship between a countrys
  imports and exports.

28
Imports

• are items purchased from other countries.

29
Exports

• are items sold to other countries.

30
Navigation Acts

• were laws passed by Parliament which required
  the colonies to trade mostly with England.

31
Duties

• are taxes on imports.

32
Triangular Trade

• was the trade between the North American
  colonies, Africa, and Britain.

33
Middle Passage

• was a terrible journey on the slave trade that
  brought around 13 million Africans across the
  Atlantic to be sold in North America.

34
Olaudah Equiano
35
Pop Quiz

• Who was Olaudah Equiano?
• What is a balance of trade?
• What are exports?
• What was the Middle Passage?
• What is Mercantilism?

36
Pop Quiz

• What are imports?
• What were the Navigation Acts?
• What was the triangular trade?
• What are duties?

37
Mini Question

• What were the Navigation acts, and how did they
  affect the colonies?

• Laws that required the colonies to trade with
  England.
• It inspired trading goods illegally.

38
Mini Question

• What were some of the colonial trade networks?

• It was the trade between the British West Indies,
  the North American colonies, and Britain.

39
Mini Question

• What was life like for enslaved Africans during
  the Middle Passage?

• It lasted 3 months.
• They were chained and packed tightly into ships.
• Thousands died.

40
Cash crops

• , such as rice and indigo, were grown on large
  plantations and small farms to sell fro profit.

41
Eliza Lucas Pinckney

• ran a plantation in South Carolina and turned
  indigo into a cash crop.

42
Slave codes

• were laws to control the slaves.

43
Apprentices

• were young boys who were sent to learn trades,
  such as blacksmiths and printers, from master
  craftspeople.

44
Staple crops

• are crops that are in demand year-round, such
  as wheat.

45
Pop Quiz

• What are staple crops?
• Who was Eliza Lucas Pinckney?
• What are cash crops?
• What were the slave codes?
• Who are apprentices?

46
Mini Question

• How did climate and geography affect each
  colonial regions economy?

• Southern - depended on agriculture and raw
  materials
• New England cold climate and rocky soil made
  farming difficult, became shipbuilders and
  craftspeople
• Middle Agriculture and trade were important

47
Mini Question

• What was the labor source in each region, and why
  did it develop differently from those in the
  other regions?

• Southern slaves
• New England skilled craftspeople and
  apprentices (few slaves)
• Middle slaves and indentured servants

48
Mini Question

• What roles did women play in the colonial economy?

• Woman sometimes ran farms, businesses, and they
  worked in the home.

49
Revivals

• In the late 1730s and 1740s, ministers began to
  revive peoples interest in religion by
  delivering emotional sermons at __________, which
  were large, public church gatherings.

50
Great Awakening

• The __________ was an unorganized movement of
  Christina sermons and church meetings.

51
Jonathan Edwards
52
George Whitefield

• __________ was a British minister who came to
  America and began a series of revivals in Georgia
  and Virginia.

53
Charles Chauncy
54
Gilbert Tennent
55
Pop Quiz

• Who was Jonathon Edwards?
• What was the Great Awakening?
• What were revivals?
• Who was George Whitfield?
• Who was Charles Chauncy?

56
Mini Question

• What was the message of the Great Awakening?

57
Mini Question

• How did the colonists respond to the Great
  Awakening?

58
Mini Question

• How did the Great Awakening affect society and
  politics?

59
Galileo Galilei
60
Scientific Revolution

• During the 1600s scientists in western Europe
  began using logic and reason to make new
  discoveries about the laws that governed nature.
  This change in the way people looked at the world
  became known as the __________.

61
Sir Isaac Newton
62
Scientific Method

• Scientists developed the __________ to make
  discoveries.

63
Enlightenment

• Many people began using logic and reason to study
  human nature as well. This change in thought is
  referred to as the __________. Thinkers of the
  __________ developed ideas about how government
  should work.

64
David Rittenhouse

• __________ designed mathematical and astronomical
  tools and studied the solar system.

65
Benjamin Banneker

• __________ made careful astronomical calculations
  and published them in an almanac.

66
Benjamin Franklin

• __________was one of the most important colonial
  thinkers, scientists, and inventors.

67
Anne Bradstreet

• Preachers such as John Cotton developed a new,
  dramatic style of sermon,m while poets such as
  __________ wrote about family and religious faith.

68
Phillis Wheatley
69
Pop Quiz

• Who was David Rittenhouse?
• What was the Scientific Revolution?
• What was the scientific method?
• Who was Phillis Wheatley?
• Who was Galileo Galilei?

70
Pop Quiz

• What was the Enlightenment?
• Who was Anne Bradstreet?
• Who was Benjamin Banneker?
• Who was Benjamin Franklin?
• Who was Sir Isaac Newton?

71
Mini Question

• How did the ideas form the Scientific Revolution
  influence the Enlightenment?

• Many people began using logic and reason to study
  human nature about how government should work.

72
Mini Question

• What was education like in the colonies?

• New England established schools to teach
  students to read the Bible
• Middle and Southern colonies established few
  schools.

73
Mini Question

• What contributions did colonial scientists,
  writers, and artists make to American culture?

• Rittenhouse studied the solar system
• Banneker predicted an eclipse
• Benjamin Franklin was the most important colonial
  thinker
• Anne Bradstreet wrote about family and religion
• Painters moved to the colonies

74
Reference Page 1 for Pictures
75
Reference Page 2 for Pictures
76
Reference Page 3 for Pictures
77
Reference Page 4 for Pictures
78
Reference Page 5 for Pictures