Factors affecting on semen quality

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Factors affecting on semen quality
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References

• Barth A.D and Waldner C.L. 2002. Factors
  affecting breeding soundness classification of
  beef bulls examined at the Western College of
  Veterinary Medicine. Can Vet J 43(3)274-284
• Hafez.E.S.E and Hafez.B. 2000. Reproduction in
  farm animals 7 th edition. Lippincott Williams
  Wilkins. 509pp
• http//vet.kku.ac.th/chaiwat/teaching/teaching201
  0

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Objectives

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Breeding soundness evaluation
Pedigree
Progeny test - Long time
- More costly
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Breeding soundness evaluation Breeding
Index (USA TPIType production index) (Canada
LPI Lifetime profit index) (New Zealand BVS
Breeding values) (Japan NTPNippon total index)
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Terminology of semen

• PTA (ETA) Predicted or estimated transmitting
  ability
• EBV Estimated breeding value (Canada)
• PTAT Predicted transmitting ability of type
  traits
• Reliability

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Factors on Semen quality

• Bulls effect
• Feeding
• Diseases
• Semen collection management
• Environmental effects

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Bulls affecting

• Age
• Scrotal circumference
• Breeds
• Body condition score
• Physical abnormalities
• Frostbite ???

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Effect of Age
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Effect of Breeds
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Effect of BCS
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Effect of Physical abnormalities
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Effect of Scrotal circumference

• Minimum Recommended Scrotal Circumference in
  Centimeters by Age for Bulls
• Age (months) Scrotal Circumference (cm)
• 15 30
• gt15-18 31
• gt18-21 32
• gt21-24 33
• gt24 34

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Effect of scrotal frostbite
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Feeding on semen quality
- Puberty --gt scrotal circumference -
semen collection time - Bull gt 6 years -
Boar gt 3 years - Stallion gt 20 years
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Feeding NRC (National
Research Council) Young animals - Low energy
--gt delay semen production - Protein --gt less
affecting - High energy ---gt low libido
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Thailand --gt Late puberty -
roughage - climates
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Low feeding - Testosterone --gt decrease -
low libido - Obesity --gt low
libido and sexual activity
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Vitamins
Vitamin A Pituitary gonadotropins Testicul
ar degeneration
Vitamin E ---gt Male organ
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Minerals - Iodine --gt poor libido - Copper -
Cobalt - Zinc - Manganese
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Toxins - High gossipol --gt epididymal cell
- radiation --gt spermatogenesis - estrogen
feed ---gt failure of sperm
transport in the female tract
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Diseases - Virus (IBR, BVD, FMD) -
Bacteria (Brucellosis) - Parasite (Blood
parasites)
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Semen collection management - Training -
Frequency 1-2 per week - hoof problem --gt
electro-ejaculator
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Environmental effects
1. Temperature - Motility - Temperature
shock - Heat shock - Cold shock 2.
Photoperiod season Long time --gt Longevity
sperm 3. Oxygen ion O2 ---gt H2O2
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4. Acidity pH 6.7- 6.9 Sperm metabolism --gt
Lactic acids ---gt Buffers 5. Osmostic
pressure Permeabiliity 6. Metal Lead,
Mercury 7. Bacteria 8. Detergent Toxin
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Risk of environment factors
1. Semen collection 2. Storage and freezing
3. Storage and transportation 4. Thawing and
insemination
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Semen collection
Bulls prepare - Shower - Wash prepuce with
NSS 0.9 Material prepare - Detergent -
Sterile Collection time - Light - Temperature
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Storage and freezing
1. Freezing 37 C 5 C -20
C - 79 C -196 C
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2. Extender - protection cold shock and
cryo-protectant - Energy source - Buffering -
Osmotic pressure - Bacteria inhibition
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Extender Egg-Yolk Tris - Tris ---gt buffers -
citric acid --gt buffers - Glucose --gt energy,
osmotic pressure - Penicillin, Streptomycin,
Polymixin B - Glycerol --gt cryo- protectant -
Egg-yolk --gt cyro-protectant
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Storage and Transport
Semen bank tank - coding - liquid
nitrogen AI center tank - liquid nitrogen--gt 2
weeks Inseminator tank - liquid nitrogen --gt
day by day
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Transports - Liquid nitrogen - Tank to tank
- Canister - Straw (0.25 French
mini-straw 0.5 ml USA) - lt 15
second - forceps
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Thawing and Insemination
Thawing - canister level - forceps - 35-40 C
30 second AI - AI gun --gt clean dry
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AI technique

• - Sperm death 10 -20
• - Live sperm 6- 8 m. / straw
• Progressive motile drop 5-15
• Limited of bulls
• Health control

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