????????????????? ???

1
??????????????????????????????

????A (4/30, 5/7, 5/14)
?????? ???????
http//yagura.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp
????
yitk_at_scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp
5??203??
2
????
1.????????? ?????????????????????????? 2.????
????? 2-1.???? 2-2.2??????
2-3.?????????? 3.?????????????
3-1.???????????1-??? 3-2.????????
3-3.???????????2-???? 3-4.??????????? 4.???????
???????????(BEC) 4-1.BEC??? 4-2.?????
4-3.?????
3
????????_at_T300 K
1.?????????
???????(Doppler)??
4
??????????
5
???????????
?????? 1 ms
6
???????????????
Doppler Cooling
T1µK? ??????gt1h? ????????????????
7
??????????????????????
2001 E. Cornell, C. Wieman, W. Ketterle
???????gt 2.612
TC100 nK, n1014/cm3
8
Various Applications of Atomic Quantum Gases
Quantum Simulation ????????????????
Atom Laser ??????????
Atom Chip ????
???-Mott ?????
Quantum Computation ??????????
BEC-BCS Crossover ?????????????????
9
2.??????????
2-1.???? (i) ?? ???????????????
????? ???
(h Planck??)
(ii)?????
???? 1MHz(106 Hz) ????? 1GHz (109 Hz) ?
1014 Hz X-? 1018 Hz
(iii)??
(iv) ??????????????
??????(????????)??? ??????????
vs ??????????????? ????????????
10
2.??????????
2-2. ????
(i) ????? ???????????
?????????????
(ii) 2????
???2??E1?E2 ??????
E2
E1
(iii)????(de Broglie) ?
thermal de Broglie ??
????
11
2.??????????
2-3. ??????????
(i) ????????????
??
????
????
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation
(ii) Bohrs Quantum Jump
12
2.??????????
(iii) ?????????????
ne
Ee
Population (???)
ng
Eg
Population Difference (????)
Detuning(??)
13
3.?????????????
3-1.???????????1-???
(i) ??????
PMV
PMV
PMV
P???
N(gtgt1)????????????????
????
?23Na
14
3.?????????????
(ii) Zeeman ???
vv0
??????
z
z0
???????(Doppler)??
W. Phillips
??????????????????Zeeman????????????????????
????????
15
3.?????????????
3-2.????????
(i) ???????2????
v0
??????
????
?????????
?23Na TD240 µK
16
3.?????????????
(ii) ????????(Magneto-Optical TrapMOT)
3???????(????????)??????????????
?????????????(????)???????
laser
m
coil
E
1
I
E2
0
J 1
laser frequency
-1
s
s-
I
E1
x
J 0
coil
????
17
MOT
Magneto Optical Trap (MOT)
18
3.?????????????
3-3.???????????2-????
????????
?????????????
?/2
???
19
Optical Trap (FORT)
Gallery of Optical Trap
20
3.?????????????
3-4.???????????
??????????????????????????????? ????
( ??????Cs????)???????????????
1?????????133??(133Cs)??????2???????????
????????9192631770????????
1m??????????1/299792458(s) ????????
??c299,792,458 m/s ???????????????????
T????
????
2????1???? (lt10-14)
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4.??????????????????(BEC)
2001 E. Cornell, C. Wieman, W. Ketterle
???????gt 2.612
TC100 nK, n1014/cm3
22
Optical Imaging
Iincident(x,y)
Itransmission(x,y)
23
Optical Imaging
Iincident(x,y)
Itransmission(x,y)
Atom number
Temperature
24
4-1.BEC???Evaporative Cooling(????)
N large T high n low
Nsmall Tlow nhigh
Thermalization (????? ????)
25
Evaporative Cooling(????)
Evaporation
average energy of atoms in trap
trap depth
truncation factor
total atom number in trap
average energy of evaporated atoms from trap
total energy of atoms in trap
Only evaporation considered for atom number loss
For 3D harmonic trap
26
Evaporative Cooling(????)
Evaporation
(1 Nfinal)
Bosonic Stimulation
27
????
Atomic Beam
FORT Beams (532 nm)
28
4-2.?????
?????????????
single-particle wavefunction
Normalization
Condensate wavefunction
order parameter

????????????
Gross-Pitaevskii ???
asgt0repulsive(??)
??
???
as lt0attractive(??)
???NltNc
29
????BECThomas-Fermi??
????
30
BEC
U6.7 µK
U2.2 µK
31
4-3.Fermi??
BOSON vs FERMION
EF
32
BOSON vs FERMION
in Evaporative Cooling
Evaporation
Pauli Blocking
Bosonic Stimulation
(1 - Nfinal)
(1 Nfinal)
33
BOSON FERMION
34
Atomic BCS
?????
35
Feshbach Resonance
Coupling between Open Channel and Closed
Channel
Control of as
BEC?????(Bosenova) Molecular BEC BCS
36
BEC BCS Crossover