How are the two portraits different?

1
How are the two portraits different?
Charles as King
Cromwell as Lord Protector
2
How important was Oliver Cromwell?

• 1599 Born in Huntingdon in the county of
  Cambridge
• 1616 Goes to Cambridge University
• 1628 Becomes MP for Huntingdon
• 1640 Becomes MP for Cambridge
• 1642 Raises an army for Parliament to fight
  Charles
• 1644 Becomes one of the army leaders
• 1644 Fights at Marston Moor and Newbury
• 1645 Fights at Naseby
• 1649 Supports the execution of Charles 1
• 1649 Leads an army sent to crush the Irish
• 1649 Leads an army sent to crush the Scots
• 1653 Becomes Lord Protector in charge of the
  United Kingdom
• 1657 Refuses the offer to become king and
  remains as Lord Protector
• 1661 Dies

3
Oliver Cromwell Hero or Villain?

• By the end of the lesson you will
• All be able to describe Cromwells character and
  decide if he is a hero or a villain
• Most will have explained why Cromwell is a hero
  or a villain
• Some will have analyzed the similarities and
  differences with King Charles I

Assessment
4
How important was Oliver Cromwell?
Very Important
Quite Important
Not Important
1590
1670
5
How important was Oliver Cromwell?
Very Important
Refuses the offer to become king and remains as
Lord Protector
Quite Important
Not Important
Born in Huntingdon in the county of Cambridge
1590
1670
6
What sort of man do you think he was?
7
Oliver Cromwell Hero or Villain?
8
What sort of man do you think he was?
9
Loyalist mural celebrating the arrival of
Cromwell in Ireland, Shankill Parade, Shankill,
Belfast, 2002    
Catholicism is more than a religion. It is a
Political Power therefore Im led to believe
there will be no peace in Ireland until the
Catholic Church is Crushed - Oliver Cromwell.
Our Clergy persecuted and our Protestant
churches desecrated. Also our Protestant people
slaughtered in their thousands - Oliver
Cromwell.
10
'To Hell, or Connaught declared Cromwell to the
Catholics of Ireland  

• Connaught- shaded green, is an area of Western
  Ireland with poor rocky soil. Thousands were
  forced to live there after Cromwells conquest of
  Ireland.

At the sight of the poor and barren province,
even one of Cromwell's own generals observed that
there was 'neither water enough to drown a man,
nor a tree to hang him, nor soil enough to bury
him.'
11
A. Young Ned of the Hill, The Pogues

• A curse upon you, Oliver Cromwell, You who raped
  our motherland,I hope youre rotting down in
  Hell,For the horrors that you sent.To our
  misfortunate forefathersWhom you robbed of their
  birthright, To Hell or Connaught - may you
  burn in Hell tonight.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vn-y2ox2HPnc
12
B. From Antonia Frasers biography of Cromwell,
1973

• 1.Drogheda taught the lesson of what a siege and
  a storm meant. It undoubtedly frightened many
  lesser garrisons into peaceful surrender.
  Militarily then the sack of Drogheda could fairly
  be said to have done what Cromwell wanted.
• 2.The conclusion cannot be escaped that Cromwell
  lost his self-control at Drogheda, literally saw
  red - the red of his comrades blood - after the
  failure of the first assaults, and was seized
  with one of his sudden brief and cataclysmic
  rages. There were good military reasons for
  behaving as he did, but they were not the motives
  that drove him at the time, during the day and
  night of uncalculated butchery. The slaughter
  itself stood quite outside his normal record of
  careful mercy as soldier.

• What does she say about Cromwell?    
• Does she attempt to justify his actions? How?
  What does she say?

13
Make a table with two columns like below. Use the
following slides to fill it in.
Evidence of Cromwell being a good leader (hero) Evidence of Cromwell being a bad leader (villain)

Once the table is complete put a star by anything
that Cromwell did that was similar to the actions
of King Charles I while he was king.
14
Cromwell And the Levellers

• A mass of troops were being disbanded in
  Salisbury without pay and with little prospect of
  getting what they had been fighting for. Eight
  hundred troops sacked their officers, elected new
  ones and marched north, over several days, to
  Burford, with Cromwell on their heels. Despite
  his promise of peaceful negotiations the
  following day, Cromwell charged into the town at
  midnight with 2,000 horsemen. 340 of the
  Levellers were rounded up and imprisoned in
  Burford church, where carvings from the
  incarcerated soldiers can still be seen to this
  day. Next morning three of the leading Leveller
  soldiers were summarily executed against the
  church wall, where you can still see the bullet
  holes. The following night Cromwell was treated
  to a slap-up banquet and awarded an honorary
  degree at Magdalen College Oxford. The last thing
  Cromwell wanted was democracy.

15
THE CHARACTER OF OLIVER CROMWELL

• He was not a man of blood. It was confidently
  reported, that, in the council of officers, it
  was more than once proposed, 'that there might be
  a general massacre of all the royal party, as the
  only way to secure the government', but that
  Cromwell would never consent to it it may be,
  out of too much contempt of his enemies. In a
  word, as he had all the wickedness against which
  damnation is denounced, and for which hell-fire
  is prepared, so he had some virtues and he will
  be looked upon by posterity as a brave bad man.
• Edward Hyde First Earl of Clarendon, True
  Historical Narrative of the Rebellion and Civil
  Wars in England (1843)

16
THE SIEGE OF DROGHEDA 1649

• The enemy retreated into the Mill Mount a place
  very strong and of difficult access, being
  exceedingly high and strongly palisaded. The
  Governor, Sir Arthur Ashton, and divers
  considerable officers being there, our men,
  getting up to them, were ordered by me to put
  them all to the sword. And indeed, being in the
  heat of action, I forbade them to spare any that
  were in arms in the town, and I think that night
  they put to the sword about 2000 men.
• Oliver Cromwell quoted in John Buchan, Oliver
  Cromwell (1941)

17
THE NIGHT AFTER THE KING'S EXECUTION

• The night after King Charles the First was
  beheaded, my Lord Southampton and a friend of his
  got leave to sit up by the body in the Banqueting
  House of Whitehall. As they were sitting there
  about two o'clock in the morning, they heard the
  tread of somebody coming very slowly upstairs.
  By-and-by the door opened, and a man entered,
  very much muffled up in his cloak, and his face
  quite hid in it. He approached the body,
  considered it very attentively for some time, and
  then shook his head and sighed out the words,
  'Cruel necessity'! He then departed in the same
  slow and concealed manner as he had come in. Lord
  Southampton used to say that he could not
  distinguish anything of his face but that by his
  voice and gait he took him to be Oliver Cromwell.
  Quoted in Esme Wingfield-Stratford, King Charles
  the Martyr (1950)

18
DESCRIPTION OF OLIVER CROMWELL

• The first time that ever I took notice of him was
  in the very beginning of the Parliament held in
  November 1640, when I vainly thought myself a
  courtly young gentleman. I came into the House
  well clad, and perceived a gentleman speaking
  (whom I knew not) very ordinarily dressed, for it
  was a plain-cloth suit, which seemed to have made
  by an ill country tailor his linen was plain and
  not very clean. His stature was of good size, his
  sword stuck close to his side, his countenance
  swollen and reddish, his voice sharp and full of
  passion. Sir Philip Warwick, Memoirs of the Reign
  of Charles I (1676-77)

19
CROMWELL AFTER MARSTON MOOR

• Truly England and the Church of God hath had a
  great favour from the Lord, in this great victory
  given to us, such as the like never was since
  this war began. We never charged but we routed
  the enemy. The left wing, which I commanded,
  being our own horse beat all the Prince's horse,
  God made them as stubble to our swords. Sir, God
  hath taken away your eldest son by a cannonshot.
  It broke his leg. We were forced to have it cut
  off, whereof he died. There is your precious
  child full of glory, to know sin nor sorrow any
  more. He was a gallant young man, exceeding
  gracious. God give you his comfort. Wilbur Cortez
  Abbott ed., Writings and Speeches of Oliver
  Cromwell (1937) Cromwell writing to his sister's
  husband

20
http//www.santas.net/
21
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22
Performers outside the Globe Theatre
23
Fictional novels
24
Fictional novels
25
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26
Performers outside the Globe Theatre
27
Hero or anti hero?

• The first public statue to show Cromwell, which
  has a long and curious history, depicts him
  trampled beneath the horse of King Charles II, as
  a defeated anti-hero. It was erected in 1672,
  whilst Cromwell's own head was still on view less
  than two miles away.

28

• Sir Robert Viner 1631 - 1688, supplied the
  regalia for the restoration of Charles II, and
  was appointed as the King's goldsmith in 1661. He
  was as much a banker as a goldsmith, and was
  knighted for his services in 1661. To show his
  devotion Viner purchased a statue made in Italy
  for the Polish ambassador in London. It depicted
  King John Sobieski on a horse trampling a Turk.
  The ambassador could not afford to pay for it and
  Viner stepped in and had it altered to show
  Charles II trampling Cromwell. How much was
  altered is uncertain. Cromwell's image was
  clearly the less important of the two and he
  appears to be wearing a turban! The statue was
  neither physically accurate, nor historically
  accurate, but it reflects a Restoration
  perception of Cromwell.

29
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30
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31
Cromwell And the Levellers

• A mass of troops were being disbanded in
  Salisbury without pay and with little prospect of
  getting what they had been fighting for. Eight
  hundred troops sacked their officers, elected new
  ones and marched north, over several days, to
  Burford, with Cromwell on their heels. Despite
  his promise of peaceful negotiations the
  following day, Cromwell charged into the town at
  midnight with 2,000 horsemen. 340 of the
  Levellers were rounded up and imprisoned in
  Burford church, where carvings from the
  incarcerated soldiers can still be seen to this
  day. Next morning three of the leading Leveller
  soldiers were summarily executed against the
  church wall, where you can still see the bullet
  holes. The following night Cromwell was treated
  to a slap-up banquet and awarded an honorary
  degree at Magdalen College Oxford. The last thing
  Cromwell wanted was democracy.

32
THE CHARACTER OF OLIVER CROMWELL

• He was not a man of blood. It was confidently
  reported, that, in the council of officers, it
  was more than once proposed, 'that there might be
  a general massacre of all the royal party, as the
  only way to secure the government', but that
  Cromwell would never consent to it it may be,
  out of too much contempt of his enemies. In a
  word, as he had all the wickedness against which
  damnation is denounced, and for which hell-fire
  is prepared, so he had some virtues and he will
  be looked upon by posterity as a brave bad man.
• Edward Hyde First Earl of Clarendon, True
  Historical Narrative of the Rebellion and Civil
  Wars in England (1843)

33
THE SIEGE OF DROGHEDA 1649

• The enemy retreated into the Mill Mount a place
  very strong and of difficult access, being
  exceedingly high and strongly palisaded. The
  Governor, Sir Arthur Ashton, and divers
  considerable officers being there, our men,
  getting up to them, were ordered by me to put
  them all to the sword. And indeed, being in the
  heat of action, I forbade them to spare any that
  were in arms in the town, and I think that night
  they put to the sword about 2000 men.
• Oliver Cromwell quoted in John Buchan, Oliver
  Cromwell (1941)

34
THE NIGHT AFTER THE KING'S EXECUTION

• The night after King Charles the First was
  beheaded, my Lord Southampton and a friend of his
  got leave to sit up by the body in the Banqueting
  House of Whitehall. As they were sitting there
  about two o'clock in the morning, they heard the
  tread of somebody coming very slowly upstairs.
  By-and-by the door opened, and a man entered,
  very much muffled up in his cloak, and his face
  quite hid in it. He approached the body,
  considered it very attentively for some time, and
  then shook his head and sighed out the words,
  'Cruel necessity'! He then departed in the same
  slow and concealed manner as he had come in. Lord
  Southampton used to say that he could not
  distinguish anything of his face but that by his
  voice and gait he took him to be Oliver Cromwell.
  Quoted in Esme Wingfield-Stratford, King Charles
  the Martyr (1950)

35
DESCRIPTION OF OLIVER CROMWELL

• The first time that ever I took notice of him was
  in the very beginning of the Parliament held in
  November 1640, when I vainly thought myself a
  courtly young gentleman. I came into the House
  well clad, and perceived a gentleman speaking
  (whom I knew not) very ordinarily dressed, for it
  was a plain-cloth suit, which seemed to have made
  by an ill country tailor his linen was plain and
  not very clean. His stature was of good size, his
  sword stuck close to his side, his countenance
  swollen and reddish, his voice sharp and full of
  passion. Sir Philip Warwick, Memoirs of the Reign
  of Charles I (1676-77)

36
CROMWELL AFTER MARSTON MOOR

• Truly England and the Church of God hath had a
  great favour from the Lord, in this great victory
  given to us, such as the like never was since
  this war began. We never charged but we routed
  the enemy. The left wing, which I commanded,
  being our own horse beat all the Prince's horse,
  God made them as stubble to our swords. Sir, God
  hath taken away your eldest son by a cannonshot.
  It broke his leg. We were forced to have it cut
  off, whereof he died. There is your precious
  child full of glory, to know sin nor sorrow any
  more. He was a gallant young man, exceeding
  gracious. God give you his comfort. Wilbur Cortez
  Abbott ed., Writings and Speeches of Oliver
  Cromwell (1937) Cromwell writing to his sister's
  husband

37
Oliver Cromwell hero or villain?

• In some ways I think that Oliver Cromwell is
  quite heroic. For example ..
• But Cromwell also did some quite villainous
  things, such as ..
• Overall, I feel that Cromwell was .