The Cells in Living Things

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The Cells in Living Things

• Unit A
• Lesson 1

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Objectives

• Students will

• Describe the characteristics of an organism.

• Compare the parts of plant cells and animal cells.

• Compare one-celled organisms.

• Describe how cells in a many-celled organism work
  in groups.

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Critical Thinking

• What do you have in
• common with an onion?

Both are living things.
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What are Living Things

• Living things share certain characteristics,
• such as the basic needs for

• Food

• Water

• A place to live

• Oxygen

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Whats the purpose of oxygen?

• Most living things use oxygen to turn food into
  energy.

• Plants need oxygen to use the food they make.

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What are Living Things?

• Another characteristic that living things share
  is that they are made up of parts.

• Each part has a specific job to keep a living
  thing alive.

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What are Organisms?

• Plants, people, and other animals are organisms.

• Organisms come in all shapes and sizes.

• An organism is a living thing that carries out
  five basic life functions on its own.

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The Five Basic Life Functions

1. Living things grow and develop.

2. Living things use energy. They get energy
by eating or making food.
3. Living things reproduce, or make more of
their own kind.
4. Living things respond to the environment.
5. Living things get rid of waste.
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Cells
Red-blood cells
Cheek cells

• A cell is the smallest unit of living matter.

• They are the building blocks of living things.

• All living things are made of cells.

• All cells are not the same or alike.

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Plant Cells

• They are box-like.

• Some contain chlorophyll (green material).

• When sunlight strikes chlorophyll, the cell can
  make food for the plant.

• All cells are not the same or alike.

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Animal Cells

• They are not box-like.

• They do not contain chlorophyll.

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Comparing animal and plant cells

• Animal Cells
• Nucleus
• Chromosomes
• Vacuole
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondrion

• Plant Cells
• Nucleus
• Chromosomes
• Vacuole
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondrion
• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall

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Cell Wall

• A thick, stiff structure that protects and
  supports the plant cell.

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Mitochondrion

• The power plant of the cell.

• Food is burned here to give the cell energy.

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Chloroplast

• The plant cells food factory
• It contains chlorophyll.

• Chlorophyll gives plants it green color.

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Cytoplasm

• The jellylike substance that fills the cell.

• It is mostly water.

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Nucleus

• One of the largest parts of the cell.

• It controls cell activities.

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Chromosomes

• The threadlike structure that control an
  organisms traits.

Females have 2 Xs
This chart shows the chromosomes of someone with
Down Syndrome.
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Vacuole

• A holding bin for food, water, and waste.
• Plant cells have one or two vacuoles.

• Vacuoles are small in animal cells.
• Animal cells have more vacuoles than plant cells.

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Cell Membrane

• An animal cells thin outer covering.
• It protects the cell from harmful enemies.

• In plants it is found inside the cell wall.

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How are plant cells and animal cells different?

1. Covering

• Plant cell thick cell wall

• Animal Cell thin cell membrane

2. Color

• Plant cell most plant cells have a green color

• Animal Cell do not have a green color

3. Shape

• Plant cell box-like

• Animal Cell have a wide variety of shapes

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Microorganisms

• They are small enough to live in a drop of water.
• Need a microscope to see them.
• Most are a one-celled microorganisms.

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Protists

• One cell
• Live in pond water
• Many protists are helpful.
• Some have chlorophyll and make their own food.
• They are a source of food for other organisms.
• Many feed on dead organisms in the water.
• Some can cause disease and illness in humans and
  other animals.

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Bacteria

• It is also a microorganism.
• One-cell.
• Has a cell wall but no nucleus.
• They live in many different environments.
• Some cause illnesses such as strep throat.
• Some are helpful and are used to make food
  cheese, buttermilk, and yogurt.
• Some breakdown waste materials such as dead
  plants and animals.

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Botox is derived from the poison manufactured by
the bacteria, Clostridium, a bacteria so deadly
that infected people usually die from the toxins
Movie stars have been using Botox for years.
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Botox - Bacteria
Botox is a deadly poison and reading the
information on Allergan, we find that the usual
dose given to a human being, will kill a rat.
The 'good effects' of Botox only last a couple of
months
Your surgeon will charge you about 200 - 300
for each area injected
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Fungi

• They have a cell wall and a nucleus.
• Some even have more than one nucleus.
• Yeast is a one-celled fungi.
• A mushroom is a many cell fungi.
• A mushroom growing on a log is breaking down the
  log and absorbing nutrients from it.

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How is an organism put together?

• All humans and animals are many celled organisms.
• Humans have blood cells, bone cells, skin cells,
  and many other types of cells.
• A plant has many cells in its roots, stems, and
  leaves.

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Tissues

• Cells work together in groups.
• These groups are called tissues.
• A tissue is a group of similar cells that work
  together carrying out a certain job.
• Skin cells work together as skin tissue that
  covers and protects your body.
• Plants cells are also organized into tissues.

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Organs

• An organ is a group of tissues that work together
  doing certain jobs.
• An organ system is a group of organs working
  together to carry out a certain life function.
• For example
• Our heart is an organ which pumps blood
  throughout our body.
• Our brain is an organ

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Organ System

• A system is a group of parts that work together.
• An organ system is a group of organs that work
  together carrying on life functions.

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Virus

• They are described as particles.
• They are much smaller than cells.
• They can only be seen with a very powerful
  microscope.
• A virus is not a cell nor a living thing.
• It does not have a nucleus or other cell parts.

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Viruses

• A virus does not make or use food.
• It does not grow, change, or respond to the
  environment.
• The only life function a virus seems to perform
  is being able to reproduce.

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If a virus is not a living thing, then how does
it reproduce.
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Facts at a Glance

• Bacteria
• A living organism
• one-celled organism
• Can be found any-where on earth.
• They are helpful and harmful.
• It is bacteria inside a cows stomach that allows
  it to digest grass.

• Virus
• Not a living organisms
• Can only reproduce inside a living cell
• Outside of a living cell it is dormant
• It reproduces because the cell reproduces
• It can be harmful
• The hosts body produces antibodies (substances
  that destroy an invader) and prevent the host
  from getting the same disease again.

• Germs
• They are a form of a bacteria

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The End