Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11e

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Herpetology is study of
Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Dinosauria
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
2 skull openings
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
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Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
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Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
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Bone formation
Can occur two ways.
1) Endochondral Bone
Also called cartilage replacement bone.
During ossification (mineralization with
CaPO4) a cartilage model is replaced
2) Dermal Bone
Think of this as skin bone
Dermal bone
Forms in the dermis of the skin
No cartilage model or precursor
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Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
, dermal bone
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Characteristics of Tetrapoda
Girdles
and limbs
A very primitive amphibian
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
Fore limb
Hind limb
Limbs of all tetrapods have the same basic
components.
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Tetrapoda Amphibia Icthyeostega
fish lizard
A Terapod with
Opercular bones
A caudal fin
But clearly has otic notch for stapes
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AMPHIBIA
-- a paraphyletic group
Temnopondylii
Ichthyeostega
Anthracosauria
Sarcropterygii
Lepospondylii
Gymnophiona
Amniota
Caudata
Anura
Lissamphibia
Tetrapoda
Choanata
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Caudata Ambysotmatidae Ambystoma trigrinum
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Anura Hylidae Hyla rufitela
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Gymnophiona Caecilidae Gymnophis multiplicata
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Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
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Always has three embryonic membranes
(1)
Amnion
(2)
(3)
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Synapsids
Anapsids
Lepidosuauromorpha
Class Osteichthyes
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Mammalia
Dinosauria
Crocodilia
Testudines
Class Amphibia
Class Agnatha
Class Aves
Archosauromorpha
Diapsida
Eureptilia
Sauropsid opening
Amniota
Amniote egg present
Tetrapoda
Girdles and limbs
Teleostomi
Vertebrates with endochondral bone
Gnathostomata
The jaw-bearing vertebrates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrae and cephalization
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po
sq
j
q
po postorbital
sq squamosal
j jugal
po
sq
j
q quadrate
q
(and mammals)
po
sq
j
q
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Sauropod dinosaurs
Therapod dinosaurs
Class Mammalia
Mammal-like reptiles
Mammal-like reptiles
Rhynchocephalia
Amphisbaenia
Pterosaurs
Ornithischia
Class Aves
Testudines
Plesiosaurs
Lacertilia
Serpentes
Crocodilia
Saurischia
Dinorsauria
Lepido- saura- morpha
Archosauromorpha
Synapsida
Diapsida
Sauropsida or Eureptilia
Amniota
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Testudines Testudinidae Gopherus polyphemus
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Diapsida Lacertilia Phrynosomatidae Sceloporus
undulatus
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Serpentes Colubridae Lamropeltis triangulum
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Amphisbaenia Rhineuridae Rhineura floridana
The Florida Worm Lizard, a Florida endemic.
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Crocodilia Crocodilidae Tomistoma schlegelli
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Vertebrata
(vertebrates)
Amphibia
(amphibians)
Urodela
(salamanders)
Anura
(frogs)
Gymnophiona
(caecilians)
Reptilia
(reptiles)
Testudines
(turtles)
Crocodylia
(crocodilians)
Rhynchocephalia
(tuatara)
Squamata
(lizards and snakes)
Lacertilia
(lizards)
Serpentes
(snakes)
Amphisbaenia
(amphisbaenians)