FORMWORK

1
FORMWORK
2
Formwork

• Forms are molds to receive concrete in its
  plastic form.
• Formwork is a temporary structure as such, it is
  not normally shown on the drawings.

3
Formwork for Beams and Slabs
4
Formwork Materials

• Wood
• Either all-wood or some wood components
• Plywood
• Aluminum
• Steel
• Plastics

5
Lumber

• Designated by Cross Sections, Nominal Dimensions
  (prior to finishing)
• After cut length wise, finishing operations
  reduces actual dimensions
• 2 x 4 Plank 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 ? 2 by 4 in S4S
• Lengths are multiples of 2 ft (8, 10, 12, 14,
  16,)
• Specified by type and grade
• Type pine, oak, fir
• Grade Selected (A, B, C, D) and Common (1, 2, 3,
  4)
• Selected (A best, D poor quality)
• Cost ? Kind, grade, size, length, milling,
  quantity, freight

6
Plywood

• 4 ft wide - 8, 10, 12 ft long
• 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4 inch thick

7
Plywood Orientation
Weak Orientation of Plywood (Face grain parallel
to span)
Strong Orientation of Plywood (Face grain
perpendicular to span)
Face Grain Direction
Face Grain Direction
8
Aluminum

• Pure aluminum chemically attacked by wet concrete
• Light weight allows larger forming units
• High reuse value

Aluminum beam nailer - type
9
Steel

• For heavy concrete work
• With reasonable care will last indefinitely
• High initial cost and high handling cost

10
Estimating Issues

• Normally, the forms are used more than once
• More usage of forms reduces the price
• Wood forms have less usage potential than
  aluminum or steel forms
• Complicated shapes of concrete are more expensive
  because of labor cost and reuse of forms.

11
Estimating Issues (cont.)

• Majority of cost is _____?? Not ____??
• You have to have a construction plan to determine
  the reuse cycle
• Number of reused largely controls _____?? Cost.

12
Effect of Reuse on Concrete Formwork Cost
13
Estimating Issues (Formwork)

• Do not deduct
• Intersection of beams
• Intersection of beams columns walls
• Any opening lt 100 sq. ft.

14
Formwork

• Unit of Measurement
• Square Foot Contact Area
• SFCA
• Measure just contact area, not area of formwork
• Contact Area
• 2h(LB)

h
Concrete
B
L
15

• Wood normally measured
• Linear feet of one size
• Board Feet
• FBM (Foot Board Measure)
• 1x12x1(long) or 144 cubic inches
• example 2x8 x 16ft long
• 1.33 BF/LF x 16 21.28 FBM

2 x 8 12
16
Additional Costs

• Nails
• For first use, 10 - 20 lb. Per 1000 fbm
• Additional used, 5 - 10 lb. Per fbm
• Form Oil
• 300 - 500 ft2/gal
• Ties
• Ties keep forms apart and resist bursting
  pressure of concrete
• Stay in concrete, pull out
• Types
• Steel bands
• Rods
• Threaded
• w/ Nuts and clamps

17
Design and Estimating of Forms

• Design determines Sheathing thickness, stud
  size, wale size, tie size
• Use of design tables
• Watch for
• 1. Rate of pour
• 2. Temperature and weather
• 3. Proportions of mix and consistency
• 4. Method of placement and vibration

18
Workshop Example

• Estimate the cost of formwork for concrete wall
  (96 x 254)
• The rate of placing concrete 4 ft/hour
• Maximum temperature of concrete 70ºF

19
(No Transcript)
20
Design of Forms for concrete Walls
21
(No Transcript)
22

• The wall is 9-6 high and 25-4 long.
• From design table
• Max. pressure, 664 lb/ft2
• Max. spacing of studs, 19 in, use 18 in
• Max. spacing of wales, 25 in, use 24 in
• Max. spacing of form ties, 31 in
• The 3/4 plywood sheathing will be placed with
  the 4 ft wide in the vertical direction and the 8
  ft length in the horizontal direction.
• The total quantity of sheathing will be
• No. sheets in vertical direction, 9-6? 4/sheet
  2.37, use 3 sheets
• No. sheets in horizontal direction, 25-4?
  8/sheet 3.16, use 4 sheets
• No. sheets required per side, 3 x 4 12
• No. sheets required for wall, 12 x 2 24

23

• Studs required
• Length of wall, (25 x 12)4 304 in
• Spacing of studs, 18 in
• No. studs required per side, (304/18)1 18
• No. studs required for wall, 2 x18 26
• Lumber required, 36 pc, 2 x4 x 10 ft 240 fbm
• Wales required
• Height of wall, 114 in
• Spacing of wales, 24 in
• No. required per side, 114/24 4.75, use 5
  wales
• For each wale, use 2 pc of 2x4 x 12 ft
• and 2 pc of 2x4 x 14 ft lumber
• Lumber required
• 20 pc, 2x4 x 12 ft 160 fbm
• 20 pc, 2x4 x 14 ft 187 fbm

24

• Total lumber 240 160 187
• 587 fbm
• Add 10 to 20 for misc. (sills, spliceetc)
• Total quantity of lumber
• 587 0.2 x 587
• 704 fbm

25

• Number of ties needed
• If we use 4000 lb ties
• Number of ties
• 51 ties

644 x 9.5 x 25.3 4000
26

• Quantity of Nails
• 704 x 10 lb/1000fbm
• 7.04 lbs

27
Summary of Materials to Build forms

• Plywood required 24 sheets
• Lumber required 704 fbm
• Nails required 7 lbs
• Ties required 51