?????(COW)?????

1
??????????
?? ??????????????? ??????????????
2
????
???2?,????????????,??????1?,???????6?, ?????18?,??
???4?
???????????????,???????????????????? ????????????
3
??????

• ????
• ????????,????,??????????
• ???????????,??????????
• ???????????????

• ????
• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????,??
• ??????????????,????,?????????

1997-2001?,????84?,????66?
4
(No Transcript)
5
??????????

1. ???????????
2. ????????
3. ???????,???????????????
4. ?????(COW)?????
5. ??????????????????

6
???????????
7
????????? ????(Supercomputing),????????,?????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
8
???????

• ?? ???????????????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ???????????????
• ?? ???
• ??? ??????(??)
• ??? ??????(310?)
• ???? ??????(??)
• ??? ????

9
?????
10
??????TOP10 (2001?7?)
11
IBM Builds World's Fastest Supercomputer to
Simulate Nuclear Testing for U.S. Energy
Department
12
?????????
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
???????
16

• Flynn???
• SISD(????????)??
• SIMD(????????)??
• MISD(????????)??
• MIMD(????????)??
• ??????? ?????????
• PVP (Parallel Vector Processor, ?????)
• SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor, ??????)
• MPP (Massively Parallel Processor, ????????)
• COW (Cluster of Workstation, ?????)
• DSM (Distributed Shared Memory, ??????????)

17
????????????
18
???????,??????? ????????
19
???????
?? 1
?? 2
???????,???? ???????,???? ???????????? ???,?
???????? ??????
???????????? ?????????,? ???????????, ?????CPU????
? (??????)??? ????????????
20
???????
21
(No Transcript)
22
???????

• ????????(????)
• ??????????(??PVP, SMP, DSM)
• X3H5, Pthread
• OpenMP
• ??????????(??MPP, Cluster, COW)
• MPI (Fortran, C, Gamess, Vasp)
• PVM (Fortran, C)
• ??????????(???MPP/Cluster???SPMD??)
• Fortran 90
• HPF(High Performance Fortran)

23

• ?????????
• CSP
• Linda (Fortran, C, Gaussian)
• Global (Molpro,Columbus)
• ?????????
• GAMMA
• UNITY
• ???????????
• PRAM
• BSP
• LogP

24
Linda??
Yale ??Nicholas Carriero ?David Gelernter
?1986???????????????????????.
Linda?????????????????(TS)???????????(in, out,
read, eval), ???????????????(?, C,
Fortran)???????????(C-Linda?Fortran-Linda?)
????????????????????????(Master/Slaver?Divide-an
d-Conquer),????????? ?????????????.
25
(???TS????????????, ?????????????TS?.
???? ???????TS??????????. TS?????????????????? ???
??????)
26
Linda?????
-Linda in Gaussian
HF SP Opt Freq MP2 Sp Opt Freq DFT SP Opt
Freq
-?????????????? ??C?Fortran??
27
MPI??
MPI(Message Passing Interface)
?????????????, ????????MPI, ?????????????,
??SMP?PVP. ?????Windows NT ?Windows
95????Unix?????. ????????C, Fortran?Java.????????
?????????????????MPI???.
MPI????????,?????????????MPI?????mpich?http//www
-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/mpich?,???????????????(1000?
???)????????
?? ??????????????????????????? ????.
MPI????????????????, ?????C? Fortran?Java?????.
????????????????? ??????????????. ??????,
MPI?????? ??????.
28
MPI???????
MPI??????????????????????????,????????????(???????
),????
??????????,?????????, ??????????,?????????,
?????????MPI????????? ?????,??????????(rank
)? ????P???,?????0,1,,P-1
29
(No Transcript)
30
?????????, MPI???????????????????,????????.??????
???NOW(?????)???MPI?????????????(1)????????????
?????Unix???rsh??,????????????
.rhosts??,??rsh?????(2) ??NOW??????,????????????
?????????,?????????????????????????.???????????
,???????????????????????MPICH/util/machines/mach
ines.ltarchgt????,??????????????,??MPICH???????,??
MPICH??????????.?????????????????????????????.
?????MPI
31
MPI??????
???????C???mpcc???
mpcc myprog.c o myprog
????????????myprog???n????
mpirun myprog np n
MPI??????????. ???????????. ??,
???????????????????????. ??????????????.
32
?????(COW)?????
33
COW??
?????(Cluster of Workstation)???????????????????,?
??????????,?????????,??????????
???? LAN(Myricom Myrinet/Gigabite/Ethernet )
?? ????,??????SMP
???? Unix?Linux?NT???????????
???? TCP/IP??????
????????????????? MPI?PVM?linda
34
??????
1 ?????? NFS(Unix?Linux) ??????(Windows),MFS(Mosix
kernel)... 2 ?????? NIS (Unix?Linux)
?NIS(Solaris)??(NT) 3 ?????????? MPI?PVM ,Linda,
HPF, GNU GCC/G77 4 ??? Free Scalapack... 5 ????
Free Myricom GM 6 ???? GNU Open PBS 7 ???? GNU
SCMS 8 ???? GNU OSCAR 9 ???? Mosix
35
Ø   ???? ???????????????,????RH 7.2
linux(2.4.19) ??????NFS,MFS ??????NIS ???GNU
C, GNU Fortran 77, Absoft F95 F90 F77, PGI F90
F77 C C ??????LINDA, MPI ????Mosix ??????????
??????HF77, PGI HPF,Free Scalapack ????Paralleli
zed Gaussian 98 A.9 (with Linda support),
Gamess, Molpro,???????????
36
?????????? ????????
37
???????????????????
???????? www.sc.ac.cn
38
???? -??iCluster1800????????(?????????,?????)
-??2?????????(??2004?9???)
????????,???????
39
1.????????????????? ????,???????PC????????????????
????? ?????????????, (1)????????????????,??????
???????? ???????????????????,?????????????? ??????
?,????????????(??????) (2)?????????????????
2.???????????????? ????????????Linux?Unix?????,
????????,??? ???????????????????,???????????????
?????????????????????,?????????????? ????
40
??????
????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????
?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????
??????? PEMFC???????????? ????????????????
41
??!