Witness from Science--Biomimetics????--???

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Witness from Science--Biomimetics????--???

• Romans 120 For the invisible things of him
  from the creation of the world are clearly seen,
  being understood by the things that are made,
  even his eternal power and Godhead so that they
  are without excuse ???????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????.
• Pastor Chui I am indebted to numerous sources
  from the Internet.?????????????.
• http//ChristCenterGospel.org
• ckchui1_at_yahoo.com

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Academic Freedom is limited in America??????????

• In 2008, Dr. Jerry Bergman published Slaughter
  of the Dissidents, Volume I which outlines the
  shocking truth about killing the careers of
  Darwin doubters. These include intolerance
  against Darwin skeptics, denial of earned
  degrees, public lynching, firings, and contract
  suspension.
• 2008?,??????????????????I?,?????????????????????
  ????????????,???????,????,??,?????????

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Raymond Damadian, First Patent in the Field of
MRI, Lost the Nobel Prize

• In 1970, Raymond Damadian, a medical doctor and
  research scientist, discovered the basis for
  using magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for
  medical diagnosis. He found that different kinds
  of animal tissue emit response signals that vary
  in length, and that cancerous tissue emits
  response signals that last much longer than non
  cancerous tissue.
• Less than two years later he filed his idea for
  using magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for
  medical diagnosis with the U.S. Patent Office,
  entitled "Apparatus and Method for Detecting
  Cancer in Tissue." A patent was granted in 1974,
  it was the world's first patent issued in the
  field of MRI. By 1977, Dr. Damadian completed
  construction of the first whole-body MRI scanner,
  which he dubbed the "Indomitable."

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???Damadian-??????????????, ?????????

• 1970?,??? Damadian,??,???,????????????????????????
  ?,???????????????????,??????????,????????????????
  ???,????????????????,???????????,???????????????
  ????1974?????,?????????????MRI????1977?,??Damadian
  ??????????????,???????????

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Guillermo Gonzalez Lost His Job????????????
???????
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Caroline Crocker Lost Her Job Twice ??????????

• Caroline Crocker came to doubt Darwinism not
  because of religion, but because of the
  immunology research she was doing for her Ph.D.
• Dr. Crocker taught at George Mason University for
  five years without problems. She also had 29
  research papers to her credits, high student
  approval ratings, and several research grants.
• Her views in ID were rebuffed and finally fired.
• She obtained a teaching job at Northern Virginia
  Community College. Shortly afterwards, she was
  also fired after the college knew about the
  George Mason University dismissal.

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Professor Dan Scott Was Also Terminated
???????????

• Professor Dan Scott obtained permission in
  writing from his department chair, Barbara Hull,
  to cover both sides of the evolution controversy.
• He wanted his students to obtain a balanced
  presentation so as to allow the students to draw
  their own conclusions. He never taught
  creationism and objectively taught evolution.
• His views on ID was his only crime!

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Best Qualified Candidate Expelled Over Views on
Evolution, Design
Dec 11, 2010 For daring to question evolution,
an astronomer who was the best qualified
candidate to become director of a new observatory
lost out.  No one denies that astronomer Martin
Gaskell was the leading candidate for the
founding director of a new observatory at the
University of Kentucky in 2007  until his
writings on evolution came to light, a report on
Courier-Journal reported.  Martin Gaskell is
suing the University, claiming that his views on
evolution, religion and intelligent design cost
him the position.
Dec 11, 2010 For daring to question evolution,
an astronomer who was the best qualified
candidate to become director of a new observatory
lost out.  No one denies that astronomer Martin
Gaskell was the leading candidate for the
founding director of a new observatory at the
University of Kentucky in 2007  until his
writings on evolution came to light, a report on
Courier-Journal reported.  Martin Gaskell is
suing the University, claiming that his views on
evolution, religion and intelligent design cost
him the position.     
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????????, ??????

• 2010?12?11?-????????? ,????????????????????
  ? ??????,????????????2007??????????????????-
  ??????????????, ???Courier-Journal???????????????
  ,?????,????????????????

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Science Was Founded by Creationists??????????

• Modern science was founded by many Creationists
  who believed that the Almighty God laid down the
  laws by which the universe was created. Kepler,
  Newton, Maxwell, Faraday, Pascal, Galileo, and
  many others were creationists.
• ?????????????????????????????????,??,????,???,????
  ,???,?????????????

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The Great Creationist Scientist Sir Isaac Newton
(1643-1727)

• At age 19, he found an error in the mathematical
  table.
• At age 22, he obtained a B.A. in math at
  Cambridge.
• At age 26, he became the Chairman of Mathematics
  at Cambridge.
• He authored several famous science books. But he
  wrote much more in theology (over a million
  words), including Commentaries on the Book of
  Daniel and Revelation. He believed in 6-day
  creation. He also calculated the age of the Earth
  to be about 4004 B.C. For 40 years, he was
  religious while he was the Director of the Royal
  Society.

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???????????????? (1643-1727)

• 19????,????????????22?,???????????????26?,
  ???????????????????????????????????????(??????),?
  ???????????????6???? ????????????????4004??
  40??,?????? ,??????????????

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Gods Creation Can Inspire Us??????????

• Every living or nonliving thing wants us to learn
  and to imitate, from the lowly bacteria to
  dinosaurs. Now, bacteria have been used to make
  insulin, to clean up the oil spill, and to make
  exotic drugs.
• ?????????????????????????????????,????????????,
  ???????????,????,?????????

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Biomimetics, also known as Bionics

• Biomimetics, also known as Bionics ( a term
  coined by an American air force officer in 1958),
  Biognosis, and Biomimicry, has been applied to a
  number of fields from political science to car
  design to computer science (cybernetics, swarm
  intelligence, artificial neurons and artificial
  neural networks are all derived from biomimetic
  principles). Generally there are three areas in
  biology after which technological solutions can
  be modeled
• Replicating natural manufacturing methods as in
  the production of chemical compounds by plants
  and animals
• Mimicking mechanisms found in nature such as
  Velcro and "Gecko tape"
• Imitating organizational principles from social
  behavior of organisms like ants, bees, and
  microorganisms

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• ???(????????1958??????),??????????,?????,?????(???
  ,???,????????????????????)?
• ?????????????,??????
• ?????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????,??????????????,???

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Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies at
the University of Bath

• Dr. Julian Vincent and his colleagues have
  devised a "biological patents" database that will
  enable engineers to directly tap into nature's
  ingenuity bypassing the need to consult with
  biologists that they have come to rely upon for
  insight into nature's workings. "The idea is that
  this database will let anyone search through a
  wide range of biological mechanisms and
  properties to find natural solutions to
  technological problems." Currently, Dr. Vincent
  estimates that "at present there is only a 10
  overlap between biology and technology in terms
  of the mechanisms used" so there is a great deal
  of potential in this area. 

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• ??????????????,????????,?????????????????,??????
  ??????????????,???????????????,???????
  ??????,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,????10???????????????????, ?????????

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Biological Patents Database

• The biological patents database takes a different
  approach to providing examples of natural
  biological technologies which fulfill the
  requirements of a particular engineering problem.
  Instead of searching by a plant or animal's name,
  an engineer would query the database with a
  keyword like "propulsion" to get "a range of
  propulsion mechanisms used by jellyfish, frogs
  and crustaceans." Alternatively, an engineer can
  characterize "an engineering problem in the form
  of a list of desirable features that the solution
  ought to have, and another list of undesirable
  features that it ought to avoid.... So, for
  example, searching for a means of defying gravity
  might produce a number of possible solutions
  taken from different flying creatures but
  described in engineering terms. 'If you want
  flight, you don't copy a bird, but you do copy
  the use of wings and aerofoils,' says Dr
  Vincent. 

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• ???????????????????????????, ???????????????,?????
  ????????????,?????????????????????????????,???
  ??????????????????,?????????,?????....??,????,????
  ?????????????????????,?????????'???????,??????????
  ???,????????????,'???????

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Values of Biomimetics ??????

• While the system only contains about 2,500
  "patents" at present, Dr Vincent aims to
  significantly expand the collection to help
  engineers identify natural systems and behaviors
  that might be useful in their engineering
  challenges. There is great hope that biomimetics
  will help mankind develop technologies that both
  reduce our impact on the environment around us
  and improve our quality of life. 
• ???????????2,500??,?????????????,???????????????
  ,?????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????
  ??????????

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Some Examples of Biomimetics ????????

• Velcro resulted in 1948 from a Swiss engineer,
  George de Mestral, noticing how the hooks of the
  plant burrs stuck in the fur of his dog.
• ?????1948???????,???Mestral??????????????????

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Velcro was inspired by plant burrs
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Giraffe Bone Inspiration ??????

• Fraunhofer Institute in Germany found long bones
  that are lightweight and strong.
• Rather than working by a blind, unguided,
  aimless, purposeless process, they began with
  design requirements and computer models.
• Coming soon to a doctor near you medical
  orthopedic devices or anatomically formed body
  protectors such as lumbar support belts for
  skiers.

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Climbing Plant Inspiration ???????

• Tarzan made good use of lianas the long, woody,
  vine-like plants good for swinging from tree to
  tree. 
• Scientists at the University of Freiberg are
  finding inspiration for more sophisticated uses
  from them self-healing materials.
• The bionics experts envision boats, tires, and
  air mattresses that can heal their own leaks.
• When the lignified cells of the outer supportive
  tissues which give the plant its bending
  stiffness are damaged, the plant administers
  first aid to the wound. Only in a later
  phase does the real healing process kick in and
  the original tissue grows back.

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Circulatory System Repair Technology ????????

• Animal circulatory systems inspired researchers
  at the University of Illinois to invent a
  different kind of self-healing material. 
• Prof. Nancy Sottos and team looked at how blood
  vessels subdivide down to tiny capillaries this
  led them to work on impregnation of plastics
  with a fine network of channels, each less than
  100 millionths of a metre in diameter, that can
  be filled with liquid resins, These
  micro-vascular networks penetrate the material
  like an animals circulation system, supplying
  healing agent to all areas, ready to be released
  whenever and wherever a crack appears.

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Slippery Slope Pitcher Plant ?????

• The pitcher plant has such a slippery inner
  surface, a bug landing on it doesnt have a
  chance avoiding the digestive juice at the
  bottom. 
• Harvard biologist Joanna Aizenberg who is looking
  at the pitcher plant as another one of many
  strategies that nature created to manage and
  control the interaction with liquid. 
• Even insects with sticky feet that allow them to
  walk up walls cant escape the pitcher plants
  slippery slope.
• Non-stick skillets, self-cleaning windows,
  friction-free oil and water transport pipes, and
  safe and efficient blood transfusion devices

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Sundew Adhesive ??????

• The sundews adhesive has Spiderman qualities.
  For example, it can stretch to one million times
  its normal size. Most rubber bands can stretch to
  only about six times their original length.
  This remarkable elasticity makes the adhesive dew
  secreted from the plant a potentially effective
  choice for coating replacement body parts,
  regenerating dying tissues, healing wounds and
  improving synthetic adhesives. It is so
  sticky and elastic that its also economical 
  less than a microliter (0.0002 teaspoons) would
  cover 25 square millimeters (about 0.04 square
  inches).

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Seaweed Battery ????

• Kovalenko et al., reporting in Science, announced
  an environmentally-friendly battery material that
  uses brown algae We show that mixing Si
  nanopowder with alginate, a natural
  polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, yields
  a stable battery anode possessing
  reversible capacity eight times higher than that
  of the state-of-the-art graphitic anodes.
  (Science 7 October 2011 Vol. 334 no. 6052 pp.
  75-79, DOI 10.1126/science.1209150).

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Orange Peel for Biodegradable Plastic ?????????

• One branch of biomimetics is using organic
  materials for new engineering purposes.  PhysOrg,
  reporting on work at the University of York,
  asked, what if we could make plastic from a
  recycled, natural, biodegradable source? 
• By zapping the orange peels with microwaves and
  converting into a gas, inventors have made a
  biodegradable plastic. 

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Leaf Power ???

• MIT Prof Daniel Nocera is making progress with
  his artificial leaf.  It can split water into
  hydrogen and oxygen, like leaves do in
  photosynthesis, but his device is made of
  silicon, cobalt, and nickel.  Like leaves,
  though, his invention doesnt need batteries,
  wires, or control circuits.  But its still
  nowhere close to what plants can do.
• The discovery by Fleming and his research group
  that the phenomenon of quantum coherence is
  involved in the transport of electronic
  excitation energy presents what the authors say
  is a challenge to our understanding of chemical
  dynamics.

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Dragonfly Aircraft ????

• Harvard biologist Stacey Combes is shown filming
  them in high speed to see how they accomplish
  their high speed aerial feats such as hunting
  and even reproducing in mid-air.  In a mere
  half-second, a dragonfly can take off, snatch its
  prey, flip over, and return to its starting
  point. 
• Fossil dragonflies look identical to modern ones,
  showing no evolution at all, and had wingspans of
  over two feet.  It would seem coordinating four
  large wings and having near all-around vision
  hardly represents a primitive insect. Engineers
  are looking to the dragonfly for inspiration in
  small-scale aircraft design.

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Insect Wall Climber ????

• Berkeley scientists have created a robot that can
  climb up cloth.  It looks so much like a living
  insect, it would scare a homemaker.  PhysOrg inclu
  ded a video clip of it in action.  Berkeley,
  the Biomimetic Millisystems Lab is at
  the forefront of mimicking nature, the article
  said.  Its lab mission is to harness features
  of animal manipulation, locomotion, sensing,
  actuation, mechanics, dynamics, and control
  strategies, in its work with small lightweight
  millirobots.

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Abalones, Diatoms, and Viruses ??,?????

• Inspired by abalones, whose shells are 3,000
  times stronger than chalk (98 the same calcium
  carbonate but 2 added protein), and diatoms
  both of which take elements from sea water and
  construct fantastically strong materials from
  them, MIT Prof Blecher applies a kind of directed
  evolution.  She takes common raw materials and
  submits them to viruses programmed to create
  randomly-varying proteins, looking for the ones
  that will generate non-toxic, novel,
  environmentally-safe materials, by running 1
  billion experiments at a time. This is
  intelligent design and not evolution.

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Rethinking Old Technology ????????

• Burning trees for power may seem backward,
  dirty, and environmentally hostile, Mason Inman
  wrote, But a high-tech new way of wood burning
  holds great potential to save energy, cut costs,
  and even fight global warming, a new study
  says.  In fact, advanced wood combustion
  technologies could supply more energy than
  hydroelectric dams without running out of trees. 
  And did you know that wood burning is carbon
  neutral?  All the carbon absorbed by wood is
  released back, with no net increase in
  atmospheric carbon.  If coal and oil is reduced,
  there is a net reduction in carbon emissions.

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Cow Power ???

• Roasting cow patties seems as low-tech as cooking
  by campfire next to a covered wagon.  But some
  farmers have found that roasting dried cow dung,
  under the appropriate conditions, is a great way
  to save money.  Maggie Koerth-Baker on National
  Geographic News highlighted a farm in Minnesota
  that converts cow manure, kept free of oxygen and
  digested by bacteria, into clean energy that not
  only provides high-quality fertilizer but energy
  independence. Electricity from the digester
  powers their dairy, plus 70 other households. 
  No fossil fuels living off the land that sounds
  both ancient and modern.

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Next Generation Robots and Vehicles??????????

• The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
  (DARPA), a research and development organization
  for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and
  NASA are studying the navigational systems and
  locomotive strategies of insects to design the
  next generation of autonomous robots and
  vehicles.
• ???????????(DARPA)??????(DoD)?????????????,??????
  ???????????????????????????????

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Imitating Insect Flight ??????
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Whale Flipper Inspiration???????

• Using a wind tunnel, researchers have found that
  the flipper of the humpback whale is a
  more efficient wing design than the current model
  used by the aeronautics industry on airplanes.
  Engineers are working to apply the aerodynamic
  findings to future airplane and automotive
  design.
• ????,??????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

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Whale Flipper Inspiration?????
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Shark Skin Inspiration?????

• Engineers at Airbus, a European
  airplane-manufacturing firm, have used the rough
  skin of the shark as inspiration in developing a
  striated foil coating for the wings of aircraft,
  a design which has resulted in six percent less
  friction and improved fuel efficiency.
• ???????,??????????????????????????????????????,???
  ??????,??????,?????

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Shark Skin Inspiration?????
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Sponge and Sea Star Inspiration ????????

• A research team at Bell Labs has found that
  tropical deep-sea sponge, Euplectella or Venus's
  Flower Basket, builds remarkably strong
  structures from extremely fragile materials. This
  discovery led to unique insights in the
  production of commercial fiber optic strands. The
  same team also looked to the visual systems of
  brittle stars -- sea creatures related to
  starfish and sea urchins -- for inspiration to
  improve lens design.
• ???????????????,??????,Euplectella??????,????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
  -????????????- ????????????

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Gecko Feet Inspiration??????

• "Gecko tape" is a product under development that
  has been inspired by the lizard's ability to
  climb up walls and walk along ceilings. The tape
  exploits "van der Waals forces" -- weak
  intermolecular attractive forces -- by mimicking
  the tiny hair-like structures, called setae, that
  cover geckos' feet.
• ??????????????,????????,?????????????????????
  -????????????,????,????????- ????????

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Gecko Feet Inspiration??????
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Bombardier Beetle Inspiration????????
Scientists at the University of Leeds in Great
Britain are studying the jet-based defense
mechanism of the bombardier beetle to see if the
insect can help them learn how to re-ignite a
gas-turbine aircraft engine in mid-flight. The
bombardier beetle is capable of spraying would-be
predators with a high-pressure stream of boiling
liquid. ??????????????????????????????,???????????
???????,?????????????????????????????????????????

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Boxfish Inspiration??????

• DaimlerChrysler is developing a new high fuel
  efficiency concept vehicle based on the body
  shape of a boxfish, a common cube-shaped fish
  found in tropical marine habitats. The bionic car
  will offer 20 percent lower fuel consumption and
  up to 80 percent lower nitrogen oxide emissions
  according to a release from DaimlerChrysler. 
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????80 ?

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Boxfish Inspiration??????

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Spider Silk Inspiration??????

• Spiders spin silk that is stronger than synthetic
  substances developed by man but require only
  insects as inputs. The US Army already made the
  spider silk equivalent as bullet proof vest and
  bunker walls.
• ????,?????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ?????????

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Diatoms Inspiration?????

• Diatoms, microscopic phytoplankton responsible
  for about 40 of all the photosynthesis on Earth,
  make glass using silicon dissolved in seawater.
  Nanotechnology is making headway on this fact.
• ??,?????????40??????????,???????????????????????
  ?????

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Abalone Inspiration?????
Abalone, a type of shellfish, produces a
crack-resistant shell twice as tough as ceramic
from calcium found in seawater using a process
known as bio-mineralization. Engineers are
working on this amazing fact. ???????,?????????,?
????????????????????????????????????
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Trees Inspiration????
Trees "turn sunlight, water, and air into
cellulose, a sugar stiffer and stronger than
nylon, and bind it into wood, a natural composite
with a higher bending strength and stiffness than
concrete or steel," as noted by Paul Hawken,
Amory and L. Hunter Lovins in Natural
Capitalism. ????,?????????,????????,????????,???
??????????????????????
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Plants Inspiration?????
Countless plants generate compounds that fight
off infection from fungi, insects, and other
pests. Bioengineers are learning from Gods
amazing creation. ???????????????,??????????????
???????????
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Birds Inspiration ?????
Birds inspire engineers to design better
aircraft and wing design ???????????????????
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Human Brain Inspiration???????
Computer scientists construct neural networks
based upon "the desire to mimic the human
brain ???????????????????
55
Cells and DNA Inspiration???DNA???
The existence of cells and DNA serves as a
source of inspiration for nanotechnologists, who
hope to one day build self-assembled
molecular-scale devices ???DNA???????????????,??
?????????????
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Feathers and Wings Inspiration????????????
Light refraction in bird feathers and butterfly
wings modeled to create better display screens
???????????????, ??????????
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Feathers and Wings Inspiration????????????
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Self-sharpening Teeth Inspiration???????
Self-sharpening teeth on many animals, such as
vertebrates and echinoderms, being copied to
produce better cutting tools ????????????????,??
???,????????????
59
Toe Pads on Tree Frogs Inspiration?????
Tire treads inspired by the shape of toe pads on
tree frogs ????????????????
60
Self-healing Properties of Biological Systems
Inspiration???????????
Engineers study self-healing properties of
biological systems to produce polymers and
polymer composites capable of mending
cracks ?????????????,?????????????????????
61
Polar Bear Inspiration??????
Polar bear-inspired furs, textiles, and thermal
collectors ???????,???,???
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Moth Eyes Inspiration?????
Studying the light refractive properties moth
eyes to produce solar panels with less light
reflection ????????????????????????
63
Beetle Blade Inspiration ????????
The horn-shaped, saw-tooth design
for lumberjack blades used at the turn of the
19th century to cut down trees when it was still
done by hand was modeled after observations of a
wood-burrowing beetle. It revolutionized the
industry because the blades worked so much faster
at felling trees. 19??,????????,
???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
???
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Cat's eye reflectors Inspiration ?????????
Cat's eye reflectors were invented by Percy
Shaw in 1935 after studying the mechanism of cat
eyes. He had found that cats had a system of
reflecting cells, known as tapetum lucidum, which
was capable of reflecting the tiniest bit of
light. ??????????????, ????????1935?????,???????
??,???????????????????????
65
Leonardo da Vincis Contribution ??????
Leonardo da Vinci's flying machines and ships are
early examples of drawing from nature in
engineering. ???????,????????????????
66
Arthropods Inspiration???????
Resilin is a replacement for rubber that has been
created by studying the material also found in
arthropods. ???????????????????????????
67
Pinecones Inspiration?????
Julian Vincent drew from the study
of pinecones when he developed in 2004 "smart"
clothing that adapts to changing temperatures. "I
wanted a nonliving system which would respond to
changes in moisture by changing shape", he said.
"There are several such systems in plants, but
most are very small the pinecone is the largest
and therefore the easiest to work on". Pinecones
respond to higher humidity by opening their
scales (to disperse their seeds). The "smart"
fabric does the same thing, opening up when the
wearer is warm and sweating, and shutting tight
when cold.
68
Pinecones Inspiration?????
???????????,???2004????????,???????????????????
????,?????????,??????,??? ???????????,?????????,
??????,??,???????????????,??????(???????)? ???
????????,????????????,???????
69
Bird Wings and Fish Scales Inspiration??????????

"Morphing aircraft wings" that change shape
according to the speed and duration of flight
were designed in 2004 by biomimetic scientists
from Penn State University. The morphing wings
were inspired by different bird species that have
differently shaped wings according to the speed
at which they fly. In order to change the shape
and underlying structure of the aircraft wings,
the researchers needed to make the overlying skin
also be able to change, which their design does
by covering the wings with fish-inspired scales
that could slide over each other. In some
respects this is a refinement of
the swing-wing design.
70
Bird Wings and Fish Scales Inspiration??????????
???????,??????????????2004??????????????????????
????????????,????????,???????????????????????????,
???????????????,???????????????,?????????????????,
???????????????
71
Lotus Leaf Inspiration ?????
  Lotus leaf surface, rendered microscopic
view Some paints and roof tiles have been
engineered to be self-cleaning by copying the
mechanism from the Nelumbo lotus. ???????????????
????
72
Lotus Leaf Inspiration ?????
 
73
Cholesteric liquid crystals Inspiration???????
Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are the
thin-film material often used to fabricate fish
tank thermometers or mood rings, that change
color with temperature changes. They change color
because their molecules are arranged in
a helical or chiral arrangement and with
temperature the pitch of that helical structure
changes, reflecting different wavelengths of
light. Chiral Photonics, Inc. has abstracted the
self-assembled structure of the organic CLCs to
produce analogous optical devices using tiny
lengths of inorganic, twisted glass fiber.
74
Cholesteric liquid crystals Inspiration???????
???????????????????????????,???????????????????,??
???????????????,??????????????,???????????????????
???????????????????????????????????
75
Butterfly Wings Inspiration????????
Nanostructures and physical mechanisms that
produce the shining color of butterfly wings were
reproduced in silicon by Greg Parker, professor
of Electronics and Computer Science at
the University of Southampton and research
student Luca Plattner in the field of photonics,
which is electronics using photons as the
information carrier instead of electrons.
??????????????????????????????????,????????,?????
?,???????????????,?????????,??????
76
Blue Morpho Butterfly Inspiration?????????
The wing structure of the blue morpho
butterfly was studied and the way it reflects
light was mimicked to create an RFID tag that can
be read through water and on metal
?????????????????????????,?????????????,????????
??
77
Butterfly Wings Inspiration???????
The wing structure of butterflies has also
inspired the creation of new nanosensors to
detect explosives. ??????????????????????????
78
Neural Network Inspiration???????
Neuromorphic chips, silicon retinae or  cochleae,
has wiring that is modeled after real neural
networks connectivity. ??????,???????,??????????
???????
79
Vegetation Inspiration??????
Synthetic or "robotic" vegetation, which aids in
conservation and restoration, are machines
designed to mimic many of the functions of
living vegetation. ????????,??????????????????
????
80
Gecko Feet Inspiration??????
Medical adhesives involving glue and
tiny nano-hairs are being developed based on the
physical structures found in the feet of geckos.
??????????????, ?????????????
81
Biological Viruses Inspiration???????
Computer viruses also show troubling similarities
with biological viruses in their way to curb
program-oriented information towards
self-reproduction and dissemination.
????????,??????????????????????,??????????????
82
Termite Mound Inspiration???????
The cooling system of the Eastgate
Centre building, in Harare was modeled after
a termite mound to achieve very efficient passive
cooling. ????????????????,????????????????????
83
Hummingbird and Fly Inspiration ????????
Through the field of bionics, new aircraft
designs with far greater agility and other
advantages may be created. This research
in bionics may also be used to create more
efficient helicopters or miniature UAVs. This
latter was stated by Bret Tobalske in an article
in Science about Hummingbirds . Bret Tobalske has
thus now started work on creating these miniature
UAVs which may be used for espionage. UC Berkeley
as well as ESA have finally also been working in
a similar direction and created the Robofly  (a
miniature UAV) and the Entomopter (a UAV which
can walk, crawl and fly).
84
Hummingbird and Fly Inspiration ????????
???????,??????????,??????,????????????????????????
?????????????????Bret Tobalske?????????????Tobalsk
e??,???????????????????????????????????????????,??
????????,???Robofly(??????)? Entomopter(????????,?
????)?
85
New solar fuel machine mimics plant
life????????????????
A prototype solar device has been unveiled which
mimics plant life, turning the Sun's energy into
fuel. The machine uses the Sun's rays and a
metal oxide called ceria to break down carbon
dioxide or water into fuels which can be stored
and transported. Conventional photovoltaic
panels must use the electricity they generate in
situ, and cannot deliver power at night. The
prototype, which was devised by researchers in
the US and Switzerland, uses a quartz window and
cavity to concentrate sunlight into a cylinder
lined with cerium oxide, also known as
ceria. Ceria has a natural propensity to exhale
oxygen as it heats up and inhale it as it cools
down.
86
New solar fuel machine mimics plant
life????????????????
????????????????????,????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????,??????
???????????????,????,?????????,???????????????,?
????/???????,???????????????,?????,????/??????
87
Thinnest ever camera sees like a
trilobite????????????
An unusual arthropod eye design that maximizes
image resolution has inspired the design of the
thinnest stills and video camera yet made. At
just 1.4 millimeters thick, the camera could
replace those used in mobile phones, where space
carries a hefty premium. It produces 0.38
megapixel images and has a wider field of view
than the standard cameras on many phones. The
compound eyes of most arthropods contain
thousands of tiny lenses, each of which resolves
light to a point on a photoreceptor behind. But
some trilobites, an extinct class of arthropods
common in the Paleozoic era, had an unusually
small number of relatively large lenses.
88
Thinnest ever camera sees like a
trilobite????????????
???????????????????,????????????????????????????1
.4???,????????,????????????????0.38??????,????????
????????????????????????????????????,????????????
???????????,????????????????,????????????????????
????,????,????????????????????????????????????????
???????
89
Trilobite Camera
Andreas Brückner of the Fraunhofer Institute of
Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena,
Germany, wondered whether designing a camera to
work in the same way could likewise provide
high-resolution, clear images in a tiny
device. Along with his colleagues, he designed an
electronic cluster eye that can take 221
miniature images each 39 pixels to a side
which are then stitched together into a single
image of 700 by 550 pixels. This is not the first
compound-eye-inspired camera to be created.
Earlier designs involved taking several hundred
low-resolution images of the same scene, and
using a "super-resolution technique" to create a
final, higher resolution image.
90
?????
???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
??????????????????,????????????,?????????,?????22
1????- ?39????- ?????????????????700x550?????????
????????????????????????????????????,???????????
?????,?????????
91
Raven Inspiration?????
Bird gloss  Ravens have what scientists at the
University of Akron in Ohio want glossy
materials.  Nevermore shall ravens be despised
members of the bird order according to PhysOrg,
their feathers have thin layers that cause light
interference, producing a sheen that glistens
even though the surface is rough.  That could be
useful to inventors needing a glossy look for
materials that cannot be polished.
??????????????????????????????????????????????,
?PhysOrg,????????????,???????,????????????????????
?????????????
92
Honeybee Eyes Inspiration???????
Honeybee aerobatics  By imitating the optical
flow of honeybee eyes, researchers at the
University of Queensland are inventing plane
navigation systems that can perform complex
maneuvers, PhysOrg reported. ??????????????????
?,??????????????????????????????,PhysOrg???
93
Fly Inspiration ?????
Fly navigation  With help from the Air Force,
Caltech scientists, similarly, are studying fly
vision to learn better flight attitude control. 
It would be enough to improve flight
stabilization and navigation from our tiny winged
neighbors However, with a tiny brain they
are able to perform a variety of tasks such as
finding food and mates despite changing light
levels, wind gusts, wing damage, and so on. ??
?????????,??????????,????????????????????????????
????,???????????,??,?????? ? ??
????????,???????????,??,???,?????????????
94
Bird Soaring Inspiration???????
Bird-o-soar  Soaring is better than flapping,
reported PhysOrg.  Researchers at Hebrew
University of Jerusalem are equipping birds with
transmitters to learn more about their flight
efficiency.  They are finding that small birds
benefit from gliding as much as large birds.
?????????,??PhysOrg???????????????????????,????
???????????,?????????????  
95
Bacterial Biofuel Inspiration?????????
Bacterial biofuel  A subset of biomimetics is
employing organisms directly.  Science Daily said
that scientists at Concordia University are
trying to engineer Lactobacillus lactis, the
organism that helps make cheese from milk, into a
workhorse to transform plant material into
biofuels or other chemicals. ??????????????????
????????,??????????????????????,???,??????????,??
??????????????????
96
One-celled Protozoa Inspiration??????????
Bacterial sensors  Scientists at Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution are recruiting bacteria
to test water quality.  According to Science
Daily, their revolutionary Swimming Behavioral
Spectrophotometer (SBS) ... employs one-celled
protozoa to detect toxins in water sources.  The
contraption, which monitors the swimming ability
of the germs as indicators of water quality,
could some day monitor all the drinking water in
the world, with instantaneous feedback and
continuous response.  The Department of Defense
is very interested. 
97
One-celled Protozoa Inspiration??????????
????????????????????????????????????,???????????
???(SBS)...?????????,??????????????????????????,??
??????????????????????????????
98
Butterfly Inspiration?????
Butterfly medic  Butterfly-Inspired Patch May
Alert Soldiers to Brain Injury reads a headline
on Live Science, describing how A color-changing
patch modeled after the iridescent wings of
butterflies could give soldiers a heads-up on the
severity of injuries sustained on the
battlefield, thanks to work at the University of
Pennsylvania. ???????????????????Live????,????
????????,????????????????????????????????,??????
??? ?
99
Spider Webs Inspiration??????
Silk drop control  Remember how spider webs
collect dew by causing water droplets to bead up
due to the nature of the proteins in the silk?
  Nature reported that Chinese scientists are
trying to imitate this trick with synthetic
silks. ????????????????????????????????????????
?????,????????????????  
100
Earthworm Biohazard Inspiration?????????
Earthworm biohazard sensors  Why build
electronic sensors to detect hazmat (hazardous
materials), when earthworms can be hired to do
it?  Science Daily reported that researchers in
Venezuela and Argentina are studying the
viability of using earthworms to process
hazardous material containing high concentrations
of heavy metal for the bioremediation of old
industrial sites, landfill and other potentially
hazardous areas.  This offers an alternative to
complex and costly industrial cleanup methods,
the team suggests.
101
Earthworm Biohazard Inspiration?????????
?????????????????????????,???????????????,???????
????????????????????????????,????????????????????
?????????? ?????????????????????
102
Neurons Inspiration??????
Neuron computers  Live Science reported how
researchers at Boston University are bringing the
world closer to silicon-free computers that use
memristors, which behave like neurons in many
ways, toward new digital brains.
?????????????????????????????????????,?????????
?, ?????????
103
Bacteria Inspiration?????
Bacterial computers  Imagine being able to
program bacteria to act as logic circuits for
organic computers.  Thats what researchers at
the University of California at San Francisco are
counting on, according to Science Daily.
?????????,??????????????????????????????????????
?????,??????
104
Ant Inspiration
Ant computers  How do ants solve puzzles so
well?  They can always find the shortest route to
a target, even when a barrier is put in the way. 
Scientists at the University of Sydney are
curious,  so they have built mazes to learn how
the humble ant is capable of solving difficult
mathematical problems.  The headline reads,
Next generation of algorithms inspired by
problem-solving ants.  Supercomputer programmers
who humble themselves like the ant might learn
how to adapt to changing conditions and barriers,
both by exploratory behavior and signals left in
the path, such as the pheromone molecules that
help ants remember previous trials without
backtracking.  One team member commented, Even
simple mass-recruiting ants have much more
complex and labile problem solving skills than we
ever thought.
105
Ant Inspiration?????
???????????????????????????????,?????????????????
????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?
????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????,??????,???????????????????????????
????????????????????,???????????????
106
Virus Inspiration?????
Viral batteries  Viruses have a bad
reputation--and rightly so, began an article
on PhysOrg, but researchers at the University of
Maryland are turning the tables, harnessing and
exploiting the self- renewing and
self-assembling properties of viruses for a
higher purpose to build a new generation of
small, powerful and highly efficient batteries
and fuel cells. ????????????? -?????,
PhysOrg????,?????????????????????????'????'?'???'
??????????,????,????????????????
107
Starfish Inspiration?????
Starfish medical breakthrough  Watch a video
at BBC News to learn how asthma, hay fever and
arthritis may get new effective treatments,
thanks to starfish.  Imitating the slimy goo on
starfish surfaces could help reduce inflammation
on blood vessels, researchers at Kings College
London said.  The starfish have effectively done
a lot of the hard work for us.   
???????????????????,??????,????????????????????,?
?????????????????????????,???????????????? ??????
????????????
108
Mollusk Shell Inspiration????????
Bones and cones  From the spiral cones of
molluscs to the bones and teeth of vertebrates,
biominerals form a variety of lightweight yet
tough materials.  Science Daily discussed how
researchers at the Ohio Supercomputer Center are
studying natures ability to form complex
structures, such as bones, teeth and mollusk
shells, from peptides.  This could lead to
breakthroughs in bone replacement, sensing
systems, efficient energy generation and
treatment of diseases. ????????????????????????
???,?????????????????????????????????????????????
?????,???????,???,??????????????????????,????,??
???????????
109
Gods Wonders Are Unlimited?????????
Gods wonders are unlimited. Let us give all
glory to Him as we learn more about Him. Science
should give all credits to God as the early
founders of modern science have done in the last
several hundred years. ?????????????????????,?????
??????????????, ????????????????? ?