Objective 2

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Objective 2

• Function of cellular parts

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Key Terms

• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribsome
• Prokaryote
• Cell Wall

• Flagellum
• Eukaryote
• Nucleus
• Organelle
• Cilium
• Phospholipid Lipid Bilayer

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Comparing the Cell to a Factory
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Organelles

• Specialized structures

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Cytoplasm

• Portion of the cell outside the nucleus
• Consists mostly of water

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Nucleus

• Main Office
• Contains nearly all the cells DNA w/ coded
  instructions for making proteins other
  important molecules

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Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope
• Surrounds the nucleus
• Composed of two membranes
• Allows messages to enter leave the main office

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Nucleus

• Chromatin
• Granular material seen in the nucleus
• Consists of DNA bound to protein
• Condenses to form chromosomes when a cell divides

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Nucleus

• Nucleolus
• Small, dense region in the nuclei
• Where assembly of ribosomes begins

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Ribosomes

• Small machine in the factory
• Proteins are assembled on the ribosomes
• Small particles of RNA and protein are found
  throughout the cytoplasm

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• The site where lipid components of the cell
  membrane are assembled, along w/ proteins other
  materials that are exported from the cell

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Rough ER
• Portion of ER involved in the synthesis of
  proteins
• Named b/c ribosomes attach to it
• Newly made proteins leave these ribsomes are
  inserted into the rough ER, for chemical
  modification

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks

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Golgi Apparatus

• Customization Shop finishing touches then
  shipped
• Modifies, sorts, packages proteins other
  materials from the ER for storage in the cell or
  secretion outside the cell

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Lysosomes

• Clean up crew, removes junk
• Small organelles filled w/ enzymes
• Functions include digestion or breakdown of
  carbohydrates, lipids proteins

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Vacuoles

• Storage center
• Sac-like structure that stores water, salts,
  proteins carbohydrates
• Many plants cell have one large vacuole

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Mitochondria Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria
• Power plant
• Organelles that convert chemical energy stored in
  food into compounds that are more convenient for
  the cell to use
• Chloroplasts
• Solar power plant
• Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight
  convert it into chemical energy in a process
  called photosynthesis

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The Cell
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Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

• Has a nucleus
• Organelles to carry out specialized functions
• Flagella or cilia

• Single celled organism
• Lacks a nucleus other compartments
• Can not carry out many specialized functions
• Flagella