SAGE: Strategic Approaches to the Generation of Electricity

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• SAGE Strategic Approaches to the Generation of
  Electricity
• Jochen Lauterbach

Central Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.
The center will focus on developing, improving,
and advancing technologies to enhance the
environmental performance of electricity
production
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Power generation is the largest and
fastest-growing energy sector. By 2030, power
generation will account for 40 percent of all
energy demand.
Outlook for Energy A View to 2030, Exxon Mobil,
2009
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Coal and our Energy Future

• Lowest cost for base-load electricity generation.
  
• Coal resources are widely distributed around the
  world.

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Direct Impact on SC Population

• Electricity usage in SC 3 in per capita and 5
  per GDP1 in the US.
• Low electricity cost essential
• Low average income2
• Hot weather
• Electric heating
• Mobil home energy inefficiency.
• Further industrial/manufacturing growth.
• New EPA regulations for SOx, NOx, mercury.
• CO2 capture and sequestration technologies.

1) http//www.statemaster.com/cat/ene-energy 2)
US Cencus Bureau
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Economic Opportunities for SC

• Global energy economy is developing rapidly.
• Estimated 2 million jobs in US new energy
  economy.
• Innovation is first step for SC participating in
  the new energy economy.
• Creation of new technology-based businesses.
• Center complements other long-term initiatives at
  USC
• Solar, hydrogen, nuclear, biomass,
• Excellent nano-technology facilities.

University of California Berkley, Clean Energy
and Climate Policy for U.S. Growth and Job
Creation, October 2009.Breakthrough Institute,
2010
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SAGE Research Thrusts

• Emissions control technologies
• CO2, NOx, SOx, trace metals Hg, Se, As etc.
• Novel measurement technologies for trace metal
  speciation
• Combustion technologies
• Air-firing, oxy-firing, gasification of coal

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Current Status of SAGE

• Full endowment received
• Laboratory facilities by March 2012
• New jobs created
• 3 faculty
• 2.5 staff
• 2 post-docs
• 10 graduate students
• 9 undergraduate researchers

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SAGE Organizational Structure
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Example JP-8 Reforming

• Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
• Three USC SmartState chairs Engenuity SC
• Goal Discover material to convert NATO jet fuel
  to LPG-like fuel for use in portable fuel cell
  power pack fuel cells

http//www.sfc.com/en/man-portable-jenny.html
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Discovery of a Novel Material
T (oC) Metha. Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane 1-butene Butane Total C2-C4
350 0.00 0.30 0.00 1.82 2.70 1.65 2.15 8.62
550 0.56 5.36 1.16 7.28 3.66 2.13 1.81 21.40

• High-throughput methodology has identified novel
  materials that exceed the specifications for
  threshold fuel conversion efficiency for JP-8
• New catalysts offer lower-T conversion above 20
  
• After 50 hours, we still reach over 8 conversion

Within 7 months, a new catalyst was identified
and we now exceed the target
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Jet Fuel Project

• Next steps
• Protect intellectual property (US patent filed)
• Partner with local business to design and build
  prototype
• Manufacture commercial system in SC

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Electricity Production in SC
2009, Department of Energy
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JP-8 Reforming

• Objective Flexible fuels for portable power
  applications
• Production of liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
• Mixture of C1-C4 hydrocarbons, with a high
  concentration of C3 and C4
• Fuel conversion Efficiency greater 5 (kg LPG
  out/kg JP-8 in)
• No other feed, just air

Hydrocarbon Type JP-8 ()
Paraffins 71
Alkylbenzenes 19
Naphthalenes 6.2
Olefins 3.5
Balance 0.3

• Challenges
• Coking
• Sulfur tolerance
• JP-8 may contain up to 3,000 ppmw sulfur
• Well-defined S-containing product distribution
• Adapt existing clean coal technology for removal

Dibenzothiophenes
Benzothiophenes