Deep South Watch (DSW)

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??????? ?????????????? Deep South Watch
(DSW) Center for Conflict Studies and Cultural
Diversity (CSCD) Prince of Songkla University,
Pattani campus
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Source Deep South Watch
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Victims of Violence by Occupations from 2004 to
2010
bureaucrats
working in local government
teachers
government employees
youths
village headmen
Defence volunteers
civilians
policemen
soldiers
Source Deep South Watch
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Source Deep South Watch
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2007Mobilization of Forces De-escalatory Move by
the Army
Source Deep South Watch
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Source Deep South Watch
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Source Deep South Watch
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Protracted Conflicts
Many complex and deep-rooted conflicts seem,
empirically, to reach some plateau in their
relationship, and become trapped in a repetitive
pattern of interactionusually involving the
exchange of violent or coercive behaviors that
seems dynamic, yet stable
Christopher R. Mitchell, Berghof Handbook
Dialogue Series, 15
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• If the trend of violence still holds, it may
  imply that the conflict and violence have been
  perpetuated.
• Conflict perpetuation

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• Many conflicts become less a matter of the
  original and underlying goal incompatibility, but
  more a matter of becoming trapped in an extended
  action-reaction sequence in which todays
  conflict behavior by one side is a response to
  yesterdays by the adversary.

Dennis Sandole, 1999
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What is the process model for deep south ?
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How to find alternative approach? Pre-pre
Negotiation Phrase!
Negotiation Phrase
Implementation
Turning Point
Pre-Negotiation Phrase
Agreement
New Conflict (Non-violence)
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Tract I
Tract II
Tract III
Model Developed by Norbert Ropers
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How to find alternative approach? Pre-pre
Negotiation Phrase!
Negotiation Phrase
Implementation
Turning Point
Pre-Negotiation Phrase
Agreement
New Conflict (Non-violence)
?
Tract I
Tract II
Tract III
Model Developed by Norbert Ropers
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Violence Factors
Injustice and Poverty
Structural Violence
Physical Violence
Identity Politics
Symbolic Violence
Overt Violence
Latent Violence
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Violence Factors Peace building
Peace-building processes to deal with these
factors
Structural Violence
Actors Agencies 1. Independence Movements 2.
State Violent Actors
Physical Violence
Symbolic Violence
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• Peace Process Model

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Peace Initiatives Mobilized Through Civil Society
and Media Networks
Peace building is considered as the discursive
processes bringing about simultaneous and
successive emergence of various discursive
objects that are named, described, analyzed,
appreciated or judged in the relation.
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• We emphasize on the interplay between the
  formation of object of discourse (s) to transform
  the conflicts through ideas and thought.
• The interplay means the fields to play
• The common ground
• Building peace objects of discourse needs broader
  network of civil society organizations and
  communication networks.

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Discursive Formation Model for Conflict
Transformation
Common Ground
Academic knowledge/ Researches
Self-Governance
Local-National Media and communications
Peace Talks/Dialogues
Justice
Civil Society Movements
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The Discursive Processes

• identity, culture, and religion

As for the progress
Movements produce objects of discourse and the
other way round.
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• From brainstorming among civil society and media
  networks, it was found that there were 3
  strategies or 3 main issues
• Re-structuring the political and administrative
  power structure. The 23 members of the Deep South
  Civil Society Networks, the "People's Network for
  Greater Involvement in Governance of the Deep
  South Provinces," are currently mobilizing for a
  "Special Autonomous Region" under the framework
  of the constitution.

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The Networks have accumulated its knowledge and
culminated in the (Draft) Report on the Study of
Special Local Governance in the Deep South under
the Thai Constitution". The attempt to find a
way to co-existence based on local demands is
currently being modified through in-depth opinion
sueveys and developed into a draft Act. In the
near future, the network will use existing
channels to propose laws as designated by the
constitution.
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Public Forum on Southern Situation
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(No Transcript)
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• The processes would also attempt to building
  justice, the human rights in determining people's
  own life and expression of identity, culture, and
  religion.
• The injustice issue has been cronic problem on
  the grounds

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What is the major cause of insurgency in Southern
region?
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injustice
insurgency
poverty
lack of education
Justice problems are major concerns
crimes
Population problems
Self-Governance
resources problem
Public opinions survey of local people in 2010
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Public opinions survey of local people in 2011
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• Network activities would become a common, neutral
  space, .......
• ..... engaging all parties into inclusive peace
  dialogue, not leaving the matter as a conflict
  between the state and the separatists.

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• In the process, peace discourses would be
  central issue in political space, reproducing
  through public opinions and media.
• Once the media space could bring about the
  political space on peace discourses, the
  discursive formation is successfully defined.

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It would set in motion changing behavior and
attitudes of violent actors.
Social Structure/Social Values
Galtungs basic structure of conflict
Situation
Behavior
Attitudes
Source Christopher R. Mitchell, Berghof Handbook
Dialogue Series, 19
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The Operation of Process Model
Patani Metropolitan academic forums
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Online broadcasting on the academic forum of
Pattani metropolitan initiative
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Raising the Southern issues and peace agenda to
the political parties during the campaigns for
upcoming general election ..
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The Resolutionary Changes

• The the peace discourse formation and discursive
  processes will be a constitutive drive for
  setting the stage for changes in leaders, in
  minds, in behaviors and in environments of
  conflicts on the deep South.

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Change Agents?

• Intermediaries who are insider-partials ..
• Intermediaries who are outsider-neutrals
• The former have a number of advantages over the
  latter that can enable them to operate more
  effectively in cultures that value third parties,
  understanding the interests of both adversaries,
  as well as an existing relationship to both.

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Prospect for the Future

• Civil society, media networks, academics and
  intra-national human rights organizations are
  supposed to work to produce ideas about
  alternative futures and strategies or to build
  bridges between local adversaries or hold
  informal dialogues exploring issues of readiness
  for talks or underlying interests.

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• Who are the change agents ?
• How do we proceed to the condition for the
  pre-negotiation stage?
• Can we transform the conflict structure?

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The End
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• Roles and Challenges
• to International Support
• to the Peace Process

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Key Issues

• Because of the long-term severity of violence,
  Patani conflict has become one of the hot spots
  in the worlds mapping of conflict regions.
• Increasing international concerns about the
  peace-building and conflict resolution in Patani
  region.

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• Central to the Patani issue is the identity
  politics and its consequences.
• The major actors and agencies are the Thai
  authorities, the independence movements, and
  different group of people in the Patani region.

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Conflict Mediators

• Outside mediators
• Inside mediators
• Outside and inside mediators have to collaborate
  their actions for conflict resolution and peace
  building.

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Roles of international Support for Patanis Peace
Process

• ASEAN Countries
• Malaysia
• Indonesia
• International organizations
• -OIC
• -EU
• -UNDP
• -World Bank

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• Developed countries
• USA
• UK
• Germany
• Australia
• Netherlands
• Switzerland
• Japan

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• HD Center
• PACTA
• Asia Foundation
• JICA
• Sasakawa Peace Foundation