Brain-gain

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Brain-gain
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Context
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Effects

• Massive migration of young educated people, from
  the most sought after fields, has been one of the
  most alarming problems that the Republic of
  Serbia has had to face in the last 15 years
  this problem persists even today. Intent to
  emigrate is especially prevalent amongst young
  researchers and students entering their last year
  of studies.

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Cause

• Factors that affect the decision making process
  to emigrate on the part of these experts are,
  amongst others, low standards of living,
  decreased opportunity for continued research, the
  attainment of practical experience in accordance
  with the worlds up-to-date technological and
  scientific advancements, and unemployment.

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Rough Statistics

• The information that the Educated forum has
  collected, with the assistance of UNICEF and
  UNESCO, shows that, in the past decade, Serbia
  and Montenegro have lost more than one half of a
  million young people, mostly highly skilled, who
  came under the belief that their lives would be
  better served abroad mostly in Western Europe
  and the United States of America.

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Brain-drain and its effects

• A brain drain or human capital flight is an
  emigration of trained and talented individuals
  ("human capital") to other nations or
  jurisdictions, due to conflicts, lack of
  opportunity, health hazards where they are living
  or other reasons.
• It can lead towards technological dependence,
  reduction of business growth, poverty, and to the
  potential destabilization of the entire region.

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Common Interests

• Therefore it is in the interest of all states
  that the migration of experts and highly educated
  persons be maintained under optimal measures.
• The building of ties between the Republic of
  Serbia and its experts abroad, both for the
  reasons of partnership and their eventual return
  to the motherland, is one of the Republic of
  Serbias primary concerns.

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Common Interests

• In addition, this relationship between the
  Republic of Serbia and its diaspora would have a
  twofold effect in that it would also, through the
  absorption of knowledge gained abroad by its
  experts, provide the Republic of Serbia with a
  clearer understanding of the standards and
  methods employed by the European Union and the
  world, and thus bring the two closer in their
  cooperation and technological advancement.

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Ties with the motherland

• Research done by the International Institute of
  Politics and Economics has shown that the
  majority of the Republic of Serbias experts who
  emigrated are prepared to return back to the
  Republic of Serbia, but only through republics
  initiative.

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Possible course of action

• Researchers from the Institute explain the
  possible steps towards a realization of this
  return experts from abroad could participate in
  the local educational process the most
  outstanding of them could be given the
  opportunity to teach full-time at a university in
  the Republic of Serbia engagement towards work
  on scientific and research projects as needed,
  work for government institutions use of expert
  knowledge gained abroad for the fulfillment of
  international scientific and technological
  collaboration, etc.

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Strategic and Legal Background
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Ministry for Diaspora

• The Ministry of Diaspora has been given the task,
  as prescribed by the laws governing the
  ministries of the Republic of Serbia, of
  completing and fulfilling government policy
  pertaining to the creation of the means for the
  reintegration of persons who have emigrated from
  the Republic of Serbia, those persons of Serbian
  descent living abroad, citizens of the Republic
  of Serbia living abroad.
• This process would assume full reintegration of
  said persons in the ways of life in all aspects
  political, economic and cultural.

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Serbias Politics

• The political stance of the Republic of Serbia
  towards its diaspora is contained within the
  Exposé of the Prime Minister as written during
  the formation of the government of the Republic
  of Serbia on May 15th, 2007. In the period
  succeeding this stance will be especially
  strengthened towards the segment of Serbias
  diaspora that is comprised of younger educated
  generations, successful professionals within
  their given fields, scientists, experts, and
  academic workers.

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Concrete Plans

• The planning of concrete action, on the part of
  the government of the Republic of Serbia, will be
  focused on those persons living abroad, for both
  work and study reasons, but who intend on
  returning or investing into the Republic of
  Serbia.
• In that segment, the program and activities of
  the government of the Republic of Serbia will be
  concentrated towards the creation of the
  necessary conditions that would promote return,
  employment, and the exchange of knowledge and
  ideas.

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Republic of Serbia and the European Union

• The Republic of Serbias strategy towards its
  approach of the European Union has been expressed
  through a few strategic documents The national
  strategy towards an approach to the European
  Union which focuses on employment, research,
  development, and its fight against unemployment.
• In this strategy an emphasis has been placed
  towards the revitalization of science-research
  capacities, promotion of innovation within
  society, and the creation of a basic
  infrastructure that would promote innovation in
  general.

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Republic of Serbia and the European Union

• This would promote the Republic of Serbia in its
  goal towards greater cooperation and integration
  with the European Union. The national strategy
  towards business development of the Republic of
  Serbia between the years 2006 and 2012 points
  towards the need of a stable and efficient market
  system, competition, investment towards labor,
  and education and research for the purpose of
  future development.

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Regional Development Goals

• The strategy of regional development of the
  Republic of Serbia for the period between the
  years 2007 and 2012 has the goal of the creation
  of a competitive market economy and the increase
  of the technological capabilities of business,
  which could be attained through the introduction
  of technological advancements and the
  introduction, and enforcement, of international
  standards.
• Considerable contribution to these processes
  could be given by the potential returning
  workforce of Serbian experts, researchers, and
  skilled workers.

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Project Goals
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General Goals

• Development and enrichment of scientific-research
  activities in the Republic of Serbia, especially
  in the fields of informatics, medicine, and
  modern technologies, through the return of
  experts, researchers, and skilled workers.
• Development of business relations in all sectors
  of the economy and the banking system through the
  dissemination of expertise, as well as good
  practice, gained abroad from developed world
  markets.
• Long-term goal in the reduction of Serbias
  brain-drain through the establishment of the
  means for continuing studies and research.

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Special Goals

• Facilitation of the return of the expert and
  highly educated persons from Serbias diaspora.
• Strengthening of science-research institutions
  through the return and employment of highly
  educated persons and experts from Serbias
  diaspora.

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Expected Results
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• Creation of the means for the exchange of
  information on available and sought after job
  offers in the Republic of Serbia.
• Creation of the return program.
• Secured support for the return and employment of
  50 highly educated persons and experts from
  Serbias diaspora as the Pilot project.

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Planned Activities
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• Creation of the necessary informational and
  telecommunication requirements for the
  fulfillment and functioning of the project.
• Media coverage of the return of highly educated
  persons and experts from Serbias diaspora.
• Identification of the interested employers and
  other potentially interested parties (National
  Bureau of Employment).
• Creation of clear criteria on the issue of
  education as a return prerequisite.

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• Organization and execution of the return and
  employment of 50 highly educated persons and
  experts from Serbias diaspora.
• Financial support for the return of 50 highly
  educated persons and experts from Serbias
  diaspora on part of the Republic of Serbia, with
  the assistance of the Ministry for Diaspora and
  other interested institutions.

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• Project Worth 980,000.00